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Photoluminescence (PL) and scattering phenomena from metallic nanostructures have been explained and understood by several point of views. One of them is based on the classic harmonic oscillator model, which describes PL of single mode. In this study, we continue to expand this classic model to a coupling case, which involves two oscillators that interact with each other together with the excitation electric field. The new generated modes due to the coupling are carefully analyzed, including their behaviors varying with the coupling coefficients in different cases. Furthermore, for practical purpose, PL spectra and white light scattering spectra of two individual metallic nanostructures are calculated as examples employing the model to verify its validity. This work would give a deeper understanding on coupling PL and scattering phenomena and is helpful to relative applications.

Optical properties of coupled metallic nanoparticles (MNPs) have been widely reported due to their unique characteristics such as peak shift/splitting of the coupling spectra and electromagnetic enhancement at subwavelength scale, etc. In a previous work, we have investigated the coupling spectra of two coupled MNPs with parallel polarized excitation. In this study, we investigate the vertical polarization case in detail. Different from the parallel one, the vertical one has its unique properties: (a) three coupling coefficients; (b) positive coupling terms in the coupling equations; (c) blue-shifts of the peaks with the increasing coupling strength for identical MNPs spectra, including scattering, absorption, and photoluminescence (PL). The model shows that for the two resonant MNPs, the spectra reveal only one mode that blue shifts as the coupling strength increases; while for the two non-resonant MNPs, the spectra reveal two splitting modes, one of which blue shifts and the other of which red shifts as the coupling strength increases. The relative intensity of the two modes varies with the coupling strength. Furthermore, the PL efficiency (relative to the scattering) is about the order of 10 −2 . Comparison with published experimental results shows the validity of this model. This work provides a deeper understanding on the optical properties of coupled MNPs and is beneficial to relevant applications.

Breast cancer (BC) ranks as the most prevalent cancer and the primary cause of cancer-related mortality among women globally. Our previous research has proved that Sperm-associated antigen 5 (SPAG5) is a potential prognostic biomarker in BC. However, the possible biological function and molecular mechanism of SPAG5 in BC remain unknown. Next, we identified a circular RNA, circKNSTRN (hsa_circ_0103433), upstream of SPAG5, which may synergize with SPAG5 to impact BC. In this study, we aimed to explore the association between circKNSTRN and SPAG5 and their roles, especially the function of circKNSTRN in BC. The existence of circKNSTRN was confirmed by the Sanger sequence and RT-PCR. High expression level of circKNSTRN was tested in human BC cell lines and tissues by RT-qPCR. Functionally, the overexpression of circKNSTRN facilitated the proliferation and migration of BC cells, while also regulating cell apoptosis and cell cycle. Conversely, the knockdown of circKNSTRN yielded the opposite results. Mechanistically, miR-320a-3p was shown to bind to circKNSTRN and inhibit the proliferation and migration abilities of BC cells through bioinformatic analysis, dual-luciferase reporter assays, RNA pull-down experiments, and FISH assays. The inhibition of miR-320a-3p reverses the effect. Moreover, circKNSTRN regulated the expression level of SPAG5 by sponging miR-320a-3p. Significance: circKNSTRN was first identified and proved to promote the progression of BC through the miR-320a-3p/SPAG5 axis. The circKNSTRN/miR-320a-3p/SPAG5 axis may serve as a promising therapeutic and prognostic target for BC.

For maneuvering target tracking, a novel adaptive variable structure interactive multiple model filtering and smoothing (AVSIMMFS) algorithm is proposed in this paper. Firstly, an accurate model of the variable structure interactive multiple model algorithm is established. Secondly, by constructing a new model subset based on the original model subsets, the matching accuracy between the model subset and the actual maneuvering mode of the target is improved. Then, the AVSIMMFS algorithm is obtained by smoothing the filtered data of the new model subset. Because of the combination of forward filtering and backward smoothing, the target tracking accuracy is further improved. Finally, in order to verify the effectiveness of the algorithm, the simulation is carried out on two cases. The simulation results show that the tracking performance of AVSIMMFS algorithm is better than other methods and has lower calculation cost.

The on-chip measurement of polarization states plays an increasingly crucial role in modern sensing and imaging applications. While high-performance monolithic linearly polarized photodetectors have been extensively studied, integrated circularly polarized light (CPL) photodetectors are still hindered by inadequate discrimination capability. This study presents a broadband CPL photodetector utilizing achiral all-dielectric nanostructures, achieving an impressive discrimination ratio of ~107 at a wavelength of 405 nm. Our device shows outstanding CPL discrimination capability across the visible band without requiring intensity calibration. It functions based on the CPL-dependent near-field modes within achiral structures: under left or right CPL illumination, distinct near-field modes are excited, resulting in asymmetric irradiation of the two electrodes and generating a photovoltage with directions determined by the chirality of the incident light field. The proposed design strategy facilitates ultra-compact CPL detection across diverse materials, structures, and spectral ranges, presenting a novel avenue for achieving high-performance monolithic CPL detection.Based on the chiral-dependent near-field modes within dielectric achiral structures, a broadband circularly polarized light photodetector with an impressive discrimination ratio is presented.

Background Epstein-Barr virus-associated early gastric carcinoma with lymphoid stroma (EBV-GCLS) is a rare variant of early gastric carcinomas. Clinicopathological features of this variant remain obscure, especially in Chinese patients. Therefore, we collected EBV-GCLS cases and studied clinicopathology and prognosis. Methods By a retrospective review of 595 consecutive radical gastrectomies for early gastric carcinoma from 2006 to 2018, we identified 8 (1.3%, 8/595) EBV-GCLS cases. Clinicopathologic characteristics were compared between EBV-GCLSs and 109 conventional early gastric carcinomas, which were divided into intramucosal, SM1, and SM2 subgroups. The latter 2 subgroups were classified according to the submucosal invasion depth below or over 500 μm. Results All 8 EBV-GCLSs occurred in male patients and invaded deep submucosa (SM2) without lymph node metastasis (LNM), four (50%) of which had synchronous non-gastric malignant tumors (3 gastric gastrointestinal stromal tumors and 1 primary clear cell renal cell carcinoma), and four (50%) arose in the proximal stomach. Compared to conventional early gastric carcinomas, EBV-GCLS was significantly more frequent with SM2 invasion, poor differentiation, and synchronous non-gastric carcinoma tumor, but not with age, gender, macroscopic type, location, size, perineural invasion, lymphovascular invasion, and pathologic stage. In invasion-depth stratified comparisons in the SM2 subgroup, the frequency of LNM in EBV-GCLS was significantly lower than that in conventional early gastric carcinomas ( p  < 0.05) and the 5-year survival rate of patients with EBV-GCLS was better than that with conventional early gastric carcinomas in 3 subgroups (100% vs 91.5, 85.7, 83.9%, respectively), although the differences did not reach a statistically significant level due to the small sample size. Significant differences among 4 subgroups were found in tumor grade, lymphovascular invasion, LNM, pathological stage, and synchronous tumor, but not in age, gender, macroscopic type, tumor size, location, perineural invasion. Conclusions Even with poor differentiation and SM2 invasion, EBV-GCLS showed very low risk of LNM and may be a candidate for endoscopic therapy such as endoscopic submucosal dissection.

Background Lymphangioma of the esophagus is an exceedingly rare benign tumor. Herein, we reported a case of lymphangioma in the thoracic esophagus. Case presentation The patient was a 48-year-old woman who presented to our hospital with a one-month history of dysphagia. Upper endoscopy revealed an esophageal submucosal lesion that was completely removed by endoscopic submucosal dissection. Pathologic examination of the resected specimen secured the diagnosis of lymphangioma. A review of the PUBMED indexed literature in English with the key words of esophagus and lymphangioma was carried out and the results were discussed. Conclusion Esophageal lymphangioma is a rare submucosal tumor and should be included in the differential diagnosis of esophageal submucosal tumors.

Engineering catalyst layer structure is of significant importance to improve the performance and durability of proton exchange membrane water electrolysis (PEMWE), yet rare efficient design strategies has been reported. This work develops an in situ pore‐making approach to construct cross‐linked porous catalyst layer, which significantly improves catalyst active site utilization compared to conventional catalyst layer (CCL). The electrochemical activity area of the porous catalyst layer membrane electrode assemblies (MEA) (52.22 cm2 mgIr−1) is 2.10 times higher than that of the CCL‐MEA (24.90 cm2 mgIr−1), which indicates that more active sites are exposed during pore‐making process, leading to the higher utilization efficiency of the electrocatalyst. As a result, the porous catalyst layer exhibits a high current density of 3.8 A cm−2 at 1.9 V, which is exceeding the U.S. Department of Energy 2025 target (3 A cm−2@1.9 V), and shows superior durability with no significant degradation after 1600 h of operation at a constant load of 2 A cm−2. Scanning electron microscope analysis confirms the structural integrity of the porous catalyst layer, while cracks formed in the CCL during testing. These results highlight the benefits of the porous structure in improving mass transport, stability, and overall performance in PEMWE applications. This work develops an in situ pore‐forming strategy to construct cross‐linked porous catalyst layers (PCL) for proton exchange membrane water electrolysis. The PCL exhibits 2.1times the electrochemical active area of conventional catalyst layers, achieving 3.8 A cm−2@1.9 V (exceeding U.S. Department of Energy 2025 targets) and 1600‐hour stability at 2 A cm−2.

Because of the water conservancy project construction to the environment has brought a lot of damage, the state for environmental pollution and damage problems began to carry out a comprehensive restoration, for the relevant environmental protection and restoration policies are also improving, with the implementation of relevant measures, ecological water conservancy projects will play a vital role in environmental governance. In order to put forward suggestions for ecological restoration of white rose reservoir, this paper puts forward suggestions for ecological restoration from the geographical location of the water conservancy project, the measures in the construction process and the operational measures after completion, so as to restore the ecological role played by the ecological area before the completion of the water conservancy project and reduce the secondary pollution and damage to the environment in the operation process after it. This paper discusses the importance of ecological water conservancy project in environmental governance, and takes Shirase reservoir as an example, puts forward the ecological restoration suggestions for the water conservancy project. In order to restore the ecological function of the area before the water conservancy project and reduce the secondary pollution and damage in the operation process, it is suggested to improve the area from three aspects: geographical location, construction process and operation measures after completion. Through the implementation of ecological restoration measures, it will help to realize the harmonious symbiosis between man and nature.

To reconcile conflicting reports on the role of CD40 signaling in germinal center (GC) formation, we examined the earliest stages of murine GC B cell differentiation. Peri-follicular GC precursors first expressed intermediate levels of BCL6 while co-expressing the transcription factors RelB and IRF4, the latter known to repress Bcl6 transcription. Transition of GC precursors to the BCL6hi follicular state was associated with cell division, although the number of required cell divisions was immunogen dose dependent. Potentiating T cell help or CD40 signaling in these GC precursors actively repressed GC B cell maturation and diverted their fate towards plasmablast differentiation, whereas depletion of CD4+ T cells promoted this initial transition. Thus while CD40 signaling in B cells is necessary to generate the immediate precursors of GC B cells, transition to the BCL6hi follicular state is promoted by a regional and transient diminution of T cell help.