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We theorize that foreign multinationals wield a particularly significant competitive weapon in host markets: as outsiders, they can pinpoint social schisms in host labor markets and exploit them for competitive advantage. Using two data sets from South Korea, we show that multinationals improve profitability and productivity by aggressively hiring an excluded group, women, in the local managerial labor market. We predict and find that foreign multinationals in South Korea are in a unique position to identify social schisms, implement practices designed to support and enhance the hiring and promotion of female managers, hire and promote members of the socially excluded group to positions of managerial leadership, and enjoy a net profitability benefit from doing so despite the real risk of backlash from some regulators, customers, suppliers, and employees from the socially dominant group in society. Many multinationals, even those whose home markets discriminate against women, appear to have recognized the strategic opportunity of what we call the outsider’s network advantage. The gradualness of the host market’s shift toward a new equilibrium freer of discrimination presented multinationals a multiyear competitive opportunity for outsider’s advantage. Our study extends understanding of the multinational enterprise by showing how its competitive opportunities include identifying and exploiting social schisms in a host country’s labor market.

We present the first model-independent measurement of the CKM unitarity triangle angle ϕ3 using B±→ D(KS0\\[ {K}_{\\mathrm{S}}^0 \\]π+π−π0) K± decays, where D indicates either a D0 or D¯\\[ \\overline{D} \\]0 meson. Measurements of the strong-phase difference of the D →KS0\\[ {K}_{\\mathrm{S}}^0 \\]π+π−π0 amplitude obtained from CLEO-c data are used as input. This analysis is based on the full Belle data set of 772 × 106BB¯\\[ \\overline{B} \\] events collected at the Υ(4S) resonance. We obtain ϕ3 = (5.7−8.8+10.2\\[ {5.7}_{-8.8}^{+10.2} \\]±3.5±5.7)° and the suppressed amplitude ratio rB = 0.323±0.147±0.023±0.051. Here the first uncertainty is statistical, the second is the experimental systematic, and the third is due to the precision of the strong-phase parameters measured from CLEO-c data. The 95% confidence interval on ϕ3 is (−29.7, 109.5)°, which is consistent with the current world average.

The electromagnetic calorimeter of the BELLE II detector for experiments at Super B-factory SuperKEKB is briefly described. The project of the calorimeter upgrade to meet severe background conditions expected at the upgraded KEK B factory is presented.

A bstract Using the data samples of 102 million Υ(1 S ) and 158 million Υ(2 S ) events collected by the Belle detector, we search for a pentaquark state in the pJ/ψ final state from Υ(1 , 2 S ) inclusive decays. Here, the charge-conjugate is included. We observe clear pJ/ψ production in Υ(1 , 2 S ) decays and measure the branching fractions to be and . We also measure the cross section of inclusive pJ/ψ production in e + e − annihilation to be σ ( e + e − → pJ/ψ + anything ) = [108 ± 11( stat. ) ± 6( syst. )] fb at GeV using an 89 . 5 fb − 1 continuum data sample. There is no significant P c (4312) + , P c (4440) + or P c (4457) + signal found in the pJ/ψ final states in Υ(1 , 2 S ) inclusive decays. We determine the upper limits of to be at the 10 − 6 level.

We present the results of a search for the charged-lepton-flavor violating decays B ⁰→ K ^(*0) τ ^(±) ℓ ^(∓) , where ℓ ^(∓)is either an electron or a muon. The results are based on 365 fb ⁻¹and 711 fb ⁻¹datasets collected with the Belle II and Belle detectors, respectively. We use an exclusive hadronic B-tagging technique, and search for a signal decay in the system recoiling against a fully reconstructed B meson. We find no evidence for B ⁰→ K ^(*0) τ ^(±) ℓ ^(∓)decays and set upper limits on the branching fractions in the range of (2.9–6.4)×10 ⁻⁵at 90% confidence level. 19 pages, 4 figures

A bstract We present the results of a search for charged-lepton-flavor violating decays , where ℓ − is either an electron or a muon. We combine e + e − data samples recorded by the Belle II experiment at the SuperKEKB collider (428 fb − 1 ) with samples recorded by the Belle experiment at the KEKB collider (980 fb − 1 ) to obtain a sample of 1.3 billion e + e − → τ + τ − events. We observe 0 and 1 events and set 90% confidence level upper limits of 0 . 8 × 10 − 8 and 1 . 2 × 10 − 8 on the branching fractions of the decay modes and , respectively. These are the most stringent upper limits to date.

A bstract We present a search for the lepton-flavor-violating decays B s 0 → ℓ ∓ τ ± , where ℓ = e, μ , using the full data sample of 121 fb − 1 collected at the Υ(5 S ) resonance with the Belle detector at the KEKB asymmetric-energy e + e − collider. We use B s 0 B ¯ s 0 events in which one B s 0 meson is reconstructed in a semileptonic decay mode and the other in the signal mode. We find no evidence for B s 0 → ℓ ∓ τ ± decays and set upper limits on their branching fractions at 90% confidence level as B ( B s 0 → e ∓ τ ± ) < 14 × 10 − 4 and B ( B s 0 → μ ∓ τ ± ) < 7 . 3 × 10 − 4 . Our result represents the first upper limit on the B s 0 → e ∓ τ ± decay rate.

We present measurements ofB → K^(*)(892)γdecays using365 \\rm fb⁻¹of data collected from 2019 to 2022 by the Belle II experiment at the SuperKEKB asymmetric-energye⁺e⁻collider. The data sample contains(387 ± 6) × 10⁶Υ(4S)events. We measure branching fractions ( 𝓑 ) andC\\!{P}{}{a}symmetries ( 𝓐_(C\\!P) ) for bothB⁰→ K^(*0)γandB⁺→ K^(*+)γdecays. The difference inC\\!{P}{}{a}symmetries ( Δ𝓐_(C\\!P) ) and the isospin asymmetry ( Δ₀₊ ) between these neutral and charged channels are also measured. We obtain the following branching fractions andC\\!{P}{}{a}symmetries:𝓑 (B⁰ → K^(*0)γ) = (4.14 ± 0.10 ± 0.11 ) × 10⁻⁵ ,𝓑 (B⁺ → K^(*+)γ) = (4.04 ± 0.13 ^(+0.13)_(-0.15) )× 10⁻⁵ ,𝓐_(C\\!P) (B⁰ → K^(*0)γ) = (-3.3 ± 2.3 ± 0.4 )% , and𝓐_(C\\!P) (B⁺ → K^(*+)γ) = (-0.7 ± 2.9 ± 0.5 )% . The measured difference inC\\!{P}{}{a}symmetries isΔ𝓐_(C\\!P) = (+2.6 ± 3.8 ± 0.6 )% , and the measured isospin asymmetry isΔ₀₊ = (+4.8 ± 2.0 ± 1.8 )% . The first uncertainties listed are statistical and the second are systematic. These results are consistent with world-average values and theory predictions.

We report measurements of the absolute branching fractions𝓑(B_(s)⁰ → D_(s)^(±) X) ,𝓑(B_(s)⁰ → D⁰/D̄⁰ X) , and𝓑(B_(s)⁰ → D^(±) X) , where the latter is measured for the first time. The results are based on a 121.4 fb ⁻¹data sample collected at theΥ(10860)resonance by the Belle detector at the KEKB asymmetric-energye⁺ e⁻collider. We reconstruct oneB_(s)⁰meson ine⁺e⁻ → Υ(10860) → B_(s)^(*) B̄_(s)^(*)events and measure yields ofD_(s)⁺ ,D⁰ , andD⁺mesons in the rest of the event. We obtain𝓑(B_(s)⁰ → D_(s)^(±) X) = (68.6 ± 7.2 ± 4.0)% ,𝓑(B_(s)⁰ → D⁰/D̄⁰ X) = (21.5 ± 6.1 ± 1.8)% , and𝓑(B_(s)⁰ → D^(±) X) = (12.6 ± 4.6 ± 1.3)% , where the first uncertainty is statistical and the second is systematic. Averaging with previous Belle measurements gives𝓑(B_(s)⁰ → D_(s)^(±) X) = (63.4 ± 4.5 ± 2.2)%and𝓑(B_(s)⁰ → D⁰/D̄⁰ X) = (23.9 ± 4.1 ± 1.8)% . For theB_(s)⁰production fraction at theΥ(10860) , we findf_(s) = (21.4^(+1.5)_(-1.7))% .