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ESG standards are based on the philosophy of sustainable development of economic activity, which follows the principles of a responsible attitude to the environment, high social responsibility, and high quality corporate governance. In Russia, the principles of ESG are less common than abroad, but they are already gradually being introduced into business. At the same time, the three categories of ESG are increasingly being integrated into investment analysis, processes and decision making. Many Russian companies are firmly integrated into the agenda by implementing numerous projects, as developed countries are pushing domestic companies to implement such standards to improve the image and investment attractiveness of companies. And here we should not forget about the importance of both climate change issues and corporate governance practices, as well as the efforts and achievements of companies in the field of ecology and social responsibility, which, on the one hand, is the matter of being responsible for the well-being of employees, and, on the other hand, is contribution into the development of the territories where such companies are located.

La participación de la energía distribuida en el suministro total de energía de los países de la Unión Europea (en lo sucesivo, la UE) ha aumentado constantemente a lo largo del siglo XXI. Las tecnologías para la generación y distribución de energía y suministro de calor son cada vez más accesibles y rentables para el uso de pequeñas empresas y hogares. Esto proporciona una gama más amplia de oportunidades para garantizar la sostenibilidad de las redes de energía tanto de las regiones individuales como del estado en su conjunto. El objetivo del trabajo científico es analizar las posibilidades de implementar y desarrollar el concepto de pequeña energía para aumentar la seguridad e independencia de las redes energéticas del bloque de la UE.

The digitalisation of the urban environment is one of the key areas for the development of modern urban studies. The projects within the framework of the \"Smart City\" concept are being implemented not only with a view to digital transformation and automation of urban processes, but also with the aim of achieving a comprehensive increase in the efficiency of the urban infrastructure, Hence, the purpose of this research paper is to propose the most effective estimation methods for the socio-economic changes taking place in Russia. The research consists in an analysis of urban infrastructure digitalisation projects, focusing on the most socially and economically profitable ones, both in terms of performance and functionality, in particular. The main set of research tools consists of searching and selecting information, analysing and processing statistical data, as well as generating a multi-purpose method for the project socio-economic efficiency assessment. Based on this methodology, it is possible to offer optimal solutions and forecast efficiency at the project development stage.The article is concerned with the digital technology projects implemented by the Ministry of Construction of the Russian Federation as a part of the \"Smart City\" development programs. The authors have concluded that adopting the multi-purpose methods for identifying the socio-economic impact of the \"Smart City\" digitalisation projects would accelerate the new technology implementation and efficient management of the entire \"Smart City\" system.

The article is devoted to the analysis of the questions of the development of the mechanism of forming of Russia’s fuel & energy companies’ policy in the sphere of energy saving and energy efficiency increase based on improving the informational and analytical base of a company’s activity efficiency level assessment. The events’ implementation effectiveness of the corporate policy in the sphere of energy efficiency depends, first of all, on the optimal combination of the tools applied. The fundamental processes of high-quality enterprise management in these conditions could be developing and improving the key indicators of the reached energy efficiency level of a company and its monitoring that should cover all the aspects of stable development. In the article, there are suggested and tested the authorial methodology of the energy efficiency level assessment of fuel-and-energy companies with the example of the leading oil and gas companies using the financial and non-financial statements reports (in accordance with the international report composing standards).

Focus on sustainable development is a necessary condition for effective operation of any economic entity (state, region, production industry, or an organization). But in today’s economic conditions a lot of Russian companies fail to take into account current economic and political challenges in their development strategies quickly enough. This is primarily caused by failure to respond quickly to rapidly changing market conditions, and to modify their social and economic functioning model respectively. In such circumstances the necessity to ensure company’s sustainable development efficient strategic management based on a system-oriented analysis of internal and external factors increases. Gas consumption share constitutes over 52% of the total primary energy resources consumption, and the draft Russian Energy Strategy supposes no significant changes in energy consumption mix up to 2035. This indicates the need in an extremely balanced approach to introduction of any changes into functioning conditions of the gas industry. Russia is the 3rd world’s energy consumer, but its consumption rate per a unit of its gross domestic product (GDP) is higher than the one of any other country from Top-10 energy consumers. In addition to objective prerequisites (severe climatic conditions, large distances and, respectively, high energy resources transportation costs), high specific consumption of natural gas in national economy results from use of out-of-date energy wasteful technology. Russian economy is characterized by persistent energy resources wasting trend, resulting in unreasonable expenses of a community for energy self-supply, and, in addition to maintaining of energy resource oriented scenario of the country development, increases an energy resources availability lack risk. Russian oil and gas industry (OGI) operates in conditions of exhausted industrial potential; it faces significant problems, preventing its development and threatening energy security of the country (Chernyaev, 2014). Such circumstances result in the need for including active measures in the field of sustainable development into oil gas companies’ strategies, whilst increasing significance of preparation of the companies’ non-financial reporting. The authors herein tried to analyze current system of sustainable development factors and to give recommendations on formation of a system of sustainable development factors within fuel and energy entities.

The article considers the main mechanisms for controlling the formation of oil prices, including Brent and Urals brands. Based on the analysis of trends in the oil market and their dynamics over the past decades, the authors identify factors affecting pricing in the oil market, different oil market price control systems, and their dynamics. Our results show that there is a substantial price gap in the world oil market between the Brent reference grade and the Urals crude grade, while the formation of the Urals brand price is opaque. Comparing the key characteristics of different systems of price control in the oil market, we revealed that under the influence of external and internal factors, the system of control over pricing in the oil market underwent significant changes throughout its existence. The authors conclude that at present, there are real prerequisites for the institutional correction of the global oil market in terms of strengthening the administrative levers of developed countries control over exchange and OTC pricing mechanisms.

The article gives analysis of approaches to evaluation of energy efficiency of a territory’s economy established in the global and Russian practice; identifies key features of implementation of index approach to diagnostics based on common techniques of decomposition, or factor, analysis of indices; indicative approach based on calculation of energy security and energy performance figures. Comparison of multi-dimensional and ranking approaches in usage of energy efficiency evaluation diagnostics tools was also performed. Based on application of the existing tools the characteristics of present-day state of energy efficiency of Russian economy was given and key problems of increasing thereof were emphasized. The authors suggested mechanism of usage of the indicative method in diagnostics of energy efficiency level of a territory’s economy, which ensures identification of the weakest points of energy efficiency enhancement, forecasting of consequences thereof, taking of contemporary managerial solutions with regard to further actions.

La participación de la energía distribuida en el suministro total de energía de los países de la Unión Europea (en lo sucesivo, la UE) ha aumentado constantemente a lo largo del siglo XXI. Las tecnologías para la generación y distribución de energía y suministro de calor son cada vez más accesibles y rentables para el uso de pequeñas empresas y hogares. Esto proporciona una gama más amplia de oportunidades para garantizar la sostenibilidad de las redes de energía tanto de las regiones individuales como del estado en su conjunto. El objetivo del trabajo científico es analizar las posibilidades de implementar y desarrollar el concepto de pequeña energía para aumentar la seguridad e independencia de las redes energéticas del bloque de la UE.

Originality/Value: Realisation of the innovative potential of regional FEC should be closely linked with indicators of energy efficiency and energy independence in order to ensure the development of regional economies, including the achievement of global climate goals.