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The research paper is devoted to study of culverts from metal corrugated pipes (CMP) and helically corrugated steel pipes (HCSP). Modern design solutions of culverts from CMP and HCSP are differ as compared with used before (bottom with various types of roughness, inlet and outlet heads, type and size of corrugation) and there is not enough experimental data for their design. The aim of the study is to test CMP and HCSP models to determine their hydraulic parameters, such as roughness and resistance coefficient, critical bias and so on. The laboratory equipment and method of experimental study as well as results of the tests of CMP and HCSP with protective tray at the pipe bottom and without it under different operation modes are given in the research paper. The results of the study show that roughness coefficient under pressure hade mode can be determined using Norton equation only for HCSP, Norton and Einstein-Banks equations are corrected for CMP.

Here we propose a simple and reliable approach for detection of the tumor marker HER2/neu using the targeting fluorescent hybrid protein DARPin-mCherry. As a targeting module, we used DARPin9-29, which is a member of a novel class of non-immunoglobulin targeting proteins that can highly selectively recognize the extracellular domain of the epidermal growth factor receptor HER2/neu. The red fluorescent protein mCherry was used as the detecting module. The hybrid protein DARPin-mCherry was prepared with high yield in a bacterial expression system and purified in one step by affinity chromatography. The purified protein is not prone to aggregation. The specificity of DARPin-mCherry binding with the HER2/neu tumor marker was demonstrated using confocal microscopy, flow cytofluorimetry, and surface plasmon resonance. The dissociation constant of the DARPin-mCherry protein complex with the HER2/neu receptor determined by surface plasmon resonance was calculated to be 4.5 nM. These characteristics of the hybrid protein DARPin-mCherry suggest it as a promising agent for immunofluorescent assay and an attractive alternative to antibodies and their fragments labeled with fluorescent dyes that are now used for this purpose.

Algorithm of hydraulic calculation in steel culverts design with a normal and a spiral corrugations form is developed on the model hydraulic studies basis of corrugated metal culverts. Processing of experimental data was allowed to determinate flow coefficients, resistance coefficients, roughness coefficients; depths on an inlet to a pipe and on an outlet from it; critical depth; a critical bias and normal depths for different operation modes. Algorithm can be used for correction of calculations in normative documents, in new and reconstruction of the operating culverts design and for urgent relining of the damaged culverts.

In the article is observed the approach to assessing the safety of the downstream of retaining waterworks in the conditions of the existing urban infrastructure of the metropolis and the transport tunnel built on the border of the water system. Also are described the peculiarities of the methodology for determining the size of probable harm in the event of a hydrological accident of a low-pressure hydroelectric megalopolis complex, the lower pool of which is filled up, the watercourse is taken into the collector. The position of the groundwater level causes flooding of the territory, increasing the hazard indicator due to the activation of included processes (change in soil properties, suffusion, appearance a source of local flooding of an urbanized area, etc.). The results of a numerical experiment to assess changes in the position of the ground water level in the territory in contact with the Mikhalkovsky tunnel in Moscow are presented. It is shown that if the drainage system fails near the tunnel, a significant rise in the ground water level (more than 1 m) may occur, which will cause flooding of the surrounding area and residential buildings. To improve the efficiency of drainage in the lower reaches of the hydroelectric system, it is proposed to create an additional drainage system, including from the collector of the Zhabenka river. Calculation also shows that the emergency situation which may occur due to hydrological crash with implementation of the most difficult and simultaneously the most likely of several possible crash scenario with overtopping of the dam and the formation of the closure channel on the waterworks of Moscow is not likely to occur. The damage in the probable and most severe scenario of a hypothetical hydrological accident is close to zero. Therefore, there will be no damage on most ponds in the megalopolis where the downstream is filled in, planned, fortified, or the diverting section of the watercourse is taken into the collector.

Intensive growth of traffic demands decrease in negative impact of water throughput constructions on ecology. Conditions of the correct installation of the tubular transitions made from steel corrugated elements (MCE) on spawning waterways which performance will allow to ensure ecological safety at movement of fish are defined. Recommendations about the organization of overcoming by fishes of difference and a velocity pressure when moving in MCE culverts are made. The obtained data on speed on a transit part of a water throughput construction are of interest at problem solving on easy access of fishes through culverts to up-stream and design of culverts. Results of pilot hydraulic studies of MCE pipes of round shape according to depths and speeds are presented on an outlet from a pipe for different operating modes, at existence and lack of a protective tray in a ground part of pipes with helical (HC) and a normal (NC) form of a corrugation. It is established that if 10% of cross sectional area of a corrugated pipe are occupied with stone dumping, then flow rate is reduced approximately by 10-12%. Based on results of laboratory researches and published materials, data for assessment of value of roughness coefficients of composite section of a round culvert in the form of one-point transition are provided and the targets of future researches on melioration of culverts are planned. Received results can be used at hydraulic calculations and optimization of water throughput designs in nature protection and also highway engineering.

Nanostructures based on buried interfaces and heterostructures are at the heart of modern semiconductor electronics as well as future devices utilizing spintronics, multiferroics, topological effects, and other novel operational principles. Knowledge of electronic structure of these systems resolved in electron momentum k delivers unprecedented insights into their physics. Here we explore 2D electron gas formed in GaN/AlGaN high-electron-mobility transistor heterostructures with an ultrathin barrier layer, key elements in current high-frequency and high-power electronics. Its electronic structure is accessed with angle-resolved photoelectron spectroscopy whose probing depth is pushed to a few nanometers using soft-X-ray synchrotron radiation. The experiment yields direct k -space images of the electronic structure fundamentals of this system—the Fermi surface, band dispersions and occupancy, and the Fourier composition of wavefunctions encoded in the k-dependent photoemission intensity. We discover significant planar anisotropy of the electron Fermi surface and effective mass connected with relaxation of the interfacial atomic positions, which translates into nonlinear (high-field) transport properties of the GaN/AlGaN heterostructures as an anisotropy of the saturation drift velocity of the 2D electrons. Semiconductor heterostructures hosting two-dimensional electron gases are widely used today in high-electron-mobility transistors. Here, the authors probe the electronic structure in GaN/AlGaN, heterostructures, discovering planar anisotropy of the electron Fermi surface, offering new insights into transport properties.

The proliferative activity of populations of stromal cells (fibroblasts) obtained from human corneal lenticles under conditions of their differentiation into keratocytes was studied. It was shown that during differentiation, the number of dividing fibroblasts and the frequency of divisions, and motor activity of these cells (speed of movement along the cell trajectory and the length of the trajectory) sharply decreased. These findings indicate a decrease in the proliferative activity of fibroblasts under conditions of their differentiation and transformation into keratocytes. A period of 17 days is sufficient for differentiation of corneal fibroblasts into keratocytes.

We studied the effect of conditioned media from limbal epithelial stem cells, fibroblasts, and corneal keratocytes on the functional activity of human limbal mesenchymal stem cells. It was shown that the conditioned media from limbal epithelial stem cells reduced proliferative activity and inhibited migration of limbal mesenchymal stem cells. In the conditioned media of limbal epithelial stem cells, increased concentrations of VEGF and TNFα and reduced concentration of BDNF, vimentin, and fibronectin were found. The conditioned medium from corneal stromal cells did not affect functional activity of mesenchymal stem cells in the limbus. These data contribute to the understanding of the interaction of cells in the limbal niche and with corneal cells essential for the maintenance of the cellular homeostasis in the cornea.

Biological diversity is the basis for, and an indicator of biosphere integrity. Together with climate change, its loss is one of the two most important planetary boundaries. A halt in biodiversity loss is one of the UN Sustainable Development Goals. Current changes in biodiversity in the vast landmass of Siberia are at an initial stage of inventory, even though the Siberian environment is experiencing rapid climate change, weather extremes and transformation of land use and management. Biodiversity changes affect traditional land use by Indigenous People and multiple ecosystem services with implications for local and national economies. Here we review and analyse a large number of scientific publications, which are little known outside Russia, and we provide insights into Siberian biodiversity issues for the wider international research community. Case studies are presented on biodiversity changes for insect pests, fish, amphibians and reptiles, birds, mammals and steppe vegetation, and we discuss their causes and consequences.

Human corneal stromal cells were isolated by enzymatic digestion from a new source, lenticules obtained during laser vision correction by the ReLEx SMILe method. The resulting culture was mainly presented by fibroblast-like cells with a phenotype CD90—/CD73 + /CD105 + /keratocan—/lumican—/ALDH1A1 + that differentiate into keratocytes in a specialized medium. The concentration of fetal calf serum-derived growth factors affects the rate of proliferation, production of erythropoietin and brain neurotrophic factor by corneal fibroblasts, and to a lesser extent, their migration activity and production of extracellular matrix components. Thus, the high functional potential of fibroblast-like cells isolated from stromal lenticles can be used to develop cell technologies in ophthalmology.