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AIA Guide to Chicago
Chicago's architecture attracts visitors from around the globe. The
fourth edition of the AIA Guide to Chicago is the best
portable resource for exploring this most breathtaking and dynamic
of cityscapes. The editors offer entries on new destinations like
the Riverwalk, the St. Regis Chicago, and The 606 as well as
updated descriptions of Willis Tower and other refreshed landmarks.
Thirty-four maps and over 500 photos make it easy to find each of
the almost 2000 featured sites. A special insert, new to this
edition, showcases the variety of Chicago architecture with over 80
full-color images arranged chronologically. A comprehensive index
organizes entries by name and architect.
Sumptuously detailed and user friendly, the AIA Guide to
Chicago encourages travelers and residents alike to explore
the many diverse neighborhoods of one of the world's great
architectural destinations.
eBook
Gamma oscillations in primate primary visual cortex are severely attenuated by small stimulus discontinuities
Gamma oscillations (30 to 80 Hz) have been hypothesized to play an important role in feature binding, based on the observation that continuous long bars induce stronger gamma in the visual cortex than bars with a small gap. Recently, many studies have shown that natural images, which have discontinuities in several low-level features, do not induce strong gamma oscillations, questioning their role in feature binding. However, the effect of different discontinuities on gamma has not been well studied. To address this, we recorded spikes and local field potential from 2 monkeys while they were shown gratings with discontinuities in 4 attributes: space, orientation, phase, or contrast. We found that while these discontinuities only had a modest effect on spiking activity, gamma power drastically reduced in all cases, suggesting that gamma could be a resonant phenomenon. An excitatory–inhibitory population model with stimulus-tuned recurrent inputs showed such resonant properties. Therefore, gamma could be a signature of excitation–inhibition balance, which gets disrupted due to discontinuities.
Journal Article
Guide to Chicago's Twenty-First-Century Architecture
Exploring a new century of architecture in the Windy
City Chicago's wealth of architectural treasures makes it
one of the world's majestic cityscapes. Published in collaboration
with the Chicago Architecture Center, this easy-to-use guide
invites you to discover the new era of twenty-first-century
architecture in the Windy City via two hundred architecturally
significant buildings and spaces in the city and suburbs. Features
include:
Entries organized by neighborhood
Maps with easy-to-locate landmarks and mass transit
options
Background on each entry, including the design architect, name
and address, description, and other essential information
Sidebars on additional sites and projects
A detailed supplemental section with a glossary, selected
bibliography, and indexes by architect, building name, and building
type
Up-to-date and illustrated with almost four hundred color
photos, the Guide to Chicago's Twenty-First-Century
Architecture takes travelers and locals on a journey into an
ever-changing architectural mecca.
eBook
Primordial Gravitational Waves and Cosmology
The observation of primordial gravitational waves could provide a new and unique window on the earliest moments in the history of the universe and on possible new physics at energies many orders of magnitude beyond those accessible at particle accelerators. Such waves might be detectable soon, in current or planned satellite experiments that will probe for characteristic imprints in the polarization of the cosmic microwave background, or later with direct space-based interferometers. A positive detection could provide definitive evidence for inflation in the early universe and would constrain new physics from the grand unification scale to the Planck scale.
Journal Article
The Scale of Population Structure in Arabidopsis thaliana
The population structure of an organism reflects its evolutionary history and influences its evolutionary trajectory. It constrains the combination of genetic diversity and reveals patterns of past gene flow. Understanding it is a prerequisite for detecting genomic regions under selection, predicting the effect of population disturbances, or modeling gene flow. This paper examines the detailed global population structure of Arabidopsis thaliana. Using a set of 5,707 plants collected from around the globe and genotyped at 149 SNPs, we show that while A. thaliana as a species self-fertilizes 97% of the time, there is considerable variation among local groups. This level of outcrossing greatly limits observed heterozygosity but is sufficient to generate considerable local haplotypic diversity. We also find that in its native Eurasian range A. thaliana exhibits continuous isolation by distance at every geographic scale without natural breaks corresponding to classical notions of populations. By contrast, in North America, where it exists as an exotic species, A. thaliana exhibits little or no population structure at a continental scale but local isolation by distance that extends hundreds of km. This suggests a pattern for the development of isolation by distance that can establish itself shortly after an organism fills a new habitat range. It also raises questions about the general applicability of many standard population genetics models. Any model based on discrete clusters of interchangeable individuals will be an uneasy fit to organisms like A. thaliana which exhibit continuous isolation by distance on many scales.
Journal Article