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Clostridium difficile infections (CDI) are a leading cause of antibiotic-associated diarrhea, and recurrent infections are common despite effective antibiotic treatments. Recurrent CDI causes a significant burden to the patient and healthcare system, which has led to efforts to find an effective treatment to prevent recurrent CDI. Recent studies have shown the efficacy and safety of orally and rectally administered microbiota treatment to prevent recurrent Clostridium difficile. This study systematically reviewed the data on the efficacy and safety of RBX2660 (REBYOTA ), the first rectally administered microbiota product to prevent recurrent Clostridium difficile infections approved by the United States Food and Drug Administration (FDA). Our analysis showed that RBX2660 (REBYOTA) effectively prevented recurrent CDI. Patients who received RBX2660 (REBYOTA) were significantly less likely to have recurrent Clostridium difficile than controls eight weeks after treatment. This effect is seen in both those who got one or two doses of RBX2660 (REBYOTA), although the FDA currently approves one dose.

This research aims to study the Fusarium wilt disease and its effects on crop production in Tanzania, particularly on cashew plants in the south-eastern region. The study proposes four mathematical models to analyse the different aspects of the disease and its impact on crop production.The first model describes the dynamics of the disease in a natural environment, taking into account the interactions between infected and susceptible plants. The second model addresses the impact of decomposed disease-induced dead plants on disease transmission. The third model investigates the effect of increasing farming awareness on the disease's dynamics and transmission. The fourth model examines the optimal control measures that can be implemented to control the spread of the disease and minimise its impact on crop production.The global and local stability was analysed using the Lyapunov function technique and the Routh-Hurwitz stability criterion. The sensitivity analysis was performed using the normalised forward sensitivity index and the Partial Rank Correlation Coefficient (PRCC) method. The optimal control problem was solved using Pontryagin's Maximum Principle.The study showed a very high disease transmission rate between infected and susceptible plants. The decomposed disease-induced dead plants also played a significant role in transmitting the disease by increasing the fungus saturation in the soil. However, increasing farming awareness of the disease tended to lower the disease transmission rate. The optimal control analysis revealed that using a combination of fungicides and advertisement was the most effective way to minimise the infection and the cost of implementing control strategies for farmers.