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Citizenship, such as corporate citizenship and organizational citizenship, has been an important issue in business management for decades. This study proposes a research model from the perspectives of social identity and resource allocation, by examining the influence of corporate citizenship on organizational citizenship behaviors (OCBs). In the model, OCBs are positively influenced by perceived legal citizenship and perceived ethical citizenship, while negatively influenced by perceived discretionary citizenship. Empirical testing using a survey of personnel from 18 large firms confirms most of our hypothesized effects. Theoretical and managerial implications of our findings are discussed.

Background and Objective Systematic reviews and meta-analyses of direct oral anticoagulants (DOACs) for patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) or dialysis patients are lacking. We aimed to compare the efficacy and safety of DOACs and warfarin in patients with CKD requiring anticoagulation therapy. Methods We performed a systematic review and meta-analysis of six randomized controlled trials and 19 observational studies, with the inclusion criteria being a comparative study between DOACs and warfarin in patients with CKD or dialysis patients from database inception until August 2020. The efficacy outcomes were stroke, systemic embolism (SE), or venous thromboembolism (VTE), and the safety outcome was major bleeding. Results Compared with warfarin, DOACs significantly reduced the risk of stroke/SE/VTE by 22% (hazard ratio [HR] = 0.78, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.64–0.95) and major bleeding by 17% (HR = 0.83, 95% CI 0.71–0.97). On comparing factor Xa inhibitors and dabigatran with warfarin separately, factor Xa inhibitors significantly reduced the risk of stroke/SE/VTE (HR = 0.78, 95% CI 0.62–0.98) and major bleeding (HR = 0.76, 95% CI 0.64–0.91) overall in patients. Comparing each DOACs with warfarin separately, apixaban was associated with a significantly better risk reduction of stroke/SE/VTE (25% risk reduction) and major bleeding (35% risk reduction) than warfarin. Compared with warfarin, DOACs significantly reduced the risk of stroke, SE, or VTE by 19% (HR = 0.81, 95% CI 0.68–0.97) in patients with CKD stage 3 and significantly lowered the risk of major bleeding by 31% (HR = 0.69, 95% CI 0.56–0.85) in patients with CKD stages 4–5. Conclusions In pooled, analyzed randomized controlled trials and observational studies, DOACs were associated with better efficacy in early CKD, as well as similar efficacy and safety outcomes to warfarin in patients with CKD stages 4–5 or dialysis patients. The results of patients with CKD stages 4–5 and dialysis patients were from observational studies. Well-designed randomized controlled trials focused on DOAC use in patients with CKD and dialysis patients are needed. PROSPERO register number : CRD42020150599, 6 February, 2020.

Background The life attitude of health care workers can deeply influence the quality of care. Examining the performance of the Short-Form Life Attitude Inventory (SF-LAI), this study analyzes the factorial structure, reliability, and invariance of the revised SF-LAI across genders and professions among the staff of a teaching medical center. Methods The SF-LAI was developed for university students in Taiwan. From January to February 2019, we administered a cross-sectional survey of life attitudes by distributing the SF-LAI to all staff members of a medical center in Taiwan. The construct validity was evaluated using a confirmatory factor analysis (CFA). Model fit was assessed in terms of the comparative fit index (CFI), Tucker–Lewis index (TFI), standardized root mean square residual (SRMR), and root mean square of error of approximation (RMSEA). Internal consistency was calculated using Cronbach’s alpha and McDonald’s omega. We also performed the CFA invariance analysis for the SF-LAI-R across genders and professions (physician, nurse and other hospital staff). Results Of 884 (24.62%) responses, 835 were valid. The participants had a mean age of 47.8 years, and 20.12% were male. In a comparison of multiple CFAs, a second-order model with six factors outperformed other models. The goodness of fit indices revealed the CFI was 0.955, TFI was 0.952, RMSEA was 0.071, and SRMR was 0.038. The Cronbach’s alphas, McDonald’s omega coefficients for internal consistency were all greater than 0.8. The first and second-order model had metric and scalar invariance across genders and professions. Conclusions As health care demands evolve, humanities are becoming more important in medical education. Life attitude of hospital care worker is a crucial indicator of whether one embodies the ideals of a humanistic education. The revised SF-LAI has acceptable structural validity, internal consistency, and invariance across genders and professions among staff members of a teaching medical center.

ABSTRACT Objective: Folic acid and vitamin B complex administration in uremic patients has been reported to lower plasma total homocysteine (tHcy) levels, but whether or not this has a beneficial effect on the inflammatory state is not clear. Methods: We conducted a randomized open labeled study to determine the effects of folic acid (5 mg daily) and vitamin B complex administration on plasma tHcy levels as well as inflammatory (serum high-sensitivity C reactive protein, hs‑CRP) and nutritional (serum albumin) markers in patients on maintenance hemodialysis. Treatment was given for 3 consecutive months to 61 patients on maintenance hemodialysis. Another 60 patients, all age-, sex-, hemodialysis duration-matched served as control group. Main outcome measures: Plasma tHcy, serum hs‑CRP, albumin, creatinine (Cr), post-dialysis body weight (BW), and normalized protein catabolism rate (nPCR). Results: After 3 months, levels of plasma tHcy and serum hs‑CRP, Cr, and nPCR were significantly decreased while levels of serum albumin, vitamin B12, folate, and BW were significantly increased. The dialytic dose (KT/V) and dietary intake remained unchanged. However, correlations between the magnitude of reduction of tHcy & hs‑CRP, tHcy & Cr, and Cr & nPCR were statistically significant. Conclusions: Folic acid and vitamin B complex co-administration effectively lowers tHcy and hs‑CRP levels and increases albumin levels in stable hemodialysis subjects, underscoring their potential benefit to attenuate the state of inflammation and possibly improve the nutritional status in patients on hemodialysis.

This study seeks to fill a gap by investigating the moderating effects of LOC on each model path across internals and externals. The sample comprised 242 professional staff across a wide range of departments of a large organization in metropolitan Taipei, Taiwan. Following data collection, structural equation modeling is applied to conduct data analysis for confirmatory factor analysis. Test results indicate that global job satisfaction influences turnover intentions and organizational commitment is more for internals than externals. Organizational commitment influences turnover intentions similarly for both internals and externals. Furthermore, the influence of perceived job stress on job satisfaction and organizational commitment is stronger for externals than internals. Finally, leadership support influences job satisfaction more for internals than externals. Support for the proposed model provides encouragement for health care leaders interested in creating stable and low turnover environments that benefit both employees and organizations. Creating enhanced work environments that strengthen leadership support for employees acting on their own expert judgment and relieving job stress are essential for fostering job satisfaction and organizational commitment. Moreover, boosting job satisfaction and organizational commitment will ultimately lead to reduced turnover intentions. This study suggests that employees differ in terms of their locus of control, and that the differences are manifested in perceptions of job stress and leadership support.

The effects of five lignans (epi-aschantin, epi-magnolin, epi-yangambin, deoxypodophyllotoxin, yatein) isolated from Hernandia nymphaeifolia (Presl.) Kubitzki (Hernandiaceae) on intracellular Ca2+ levels ([Ca2+]i) in human neutrophils were investigated by using fura-2 as a fluorescent probe. In both Ca2+-containing and Ca2+-free media, the lignans (50-100 microM) did not alter basal [Ca2+]i but inhibited the [Ca2+]i increase induced by platelet activating factor (PAF, 10 microM), leukotriene B4 (LTB4, 0.2 microM), and thapsigargin (1 microM) to different extents. In Ca2+-free medium, after depleting stores of Ca2+ with PAF, LTB4 or thapsigargin, addition of 3 mM Ca2+ induced Ca2+ influx. Each of the lignans (50-100 microM) caused 39-89% inhibition of PAF-induced Ca2+ influx; whereas only epi-aschantin was able to inhibit LTB4- and thapsigargin-induced Ca2+ influx by 54-79%. Together, the results suggest that in human neutrophils, these lignans did not alter basal [Ca2+]i but inhibited Ca2+ movement induced by Ca2+ mobilizing agents.

Objective: Folic acid and vitamin B complex administration in uremic patients has been reported to lower plasma total homocysteine (tHcy) levels, but whether or not this has a beneficial effect on the inflammatory state is not clear. Methods: We conducted a randomized open labeled study to determine the effects of folic acid (5 mg daily) and vitamin B complex administration on plasma tHcy levels as well as inflammatory (serum high-sensitivity C reactive protein, hs-CRP) and nutritional (serum albumin) markers in patients on maintenance hemodialysis. Treatment was given for 3 consecutive months to 61 patients on maintenance hemodialysis. Another 60 patients, all age-, sex-, hemodialysis duration-matched served as control group. Main outcome measures: Plasma tHcy, serum hs-CRP, albumin, creatinine (Cr), post-dialysis body weight (BW), and normalized protein catabolism rate (nPCR). Results: After 3 months, levels of plasma tHcy and serum hs-CRP, Cr, and nPCR were significantly decreased while levels of serum albumin, vitamin B 12 , folate, and BW were significantly increased. The dialytic dose (KT/V) and dietary intake remained unchanged. However, correlations between the magnitude of reduction of tHcy & hs-CRP, tHcy & Cr, and Cr & nPCR were statistically significant. Conclusions: Folic acid and vitamin B complex co-administration effectively lowers tHcy and hs-CRP levels and increases albumin levels in stable hemodialysis subjects, underscoring their potential benefit to attenuate the state of inflammation and possibly improve the nutritional status in patients on hemodialysis.