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Currently, the world economy has entered a period of unsteady development, characterized by the aggravation of problems that cannot be solved within the framework of existing equipment, technologies, management methods, etc. These problems are caused by the completion of the 5th technological order and the birth of the 6th, as well as the beginning of the 4th Industrial Revolution. The existing world experience convincingly proves that during periods of economic transformations caused by changes in technological structures, innovative development in the direction of innovative advance is a priority. The countries that have embarked on the path of advanced innovative development are the leaders of economic growth, ensuring the economic well-being and high quality of life of their peoples. For the enterprises of the domestic industry, which retains a significant innovative potential, the strategy of advanced innovation is virtually no alternative. The article examines the state of innovation and technological development of Russian regions during the period of economic instability. Attention is paid to the peculiarities of innovative growth of regions. Based on statistical data, the analysis of the main indicators reflecting the innovative activity of enterprises in the country’s industry is carried out. The main regional problems hindering innovative development are identified and a number of priority measures necessary for decision-making in the field of innovation promotion are proposed.

The current state of food security largely depends on the impact of global economic processes, which over the past five years have not had an overall positive trend due to financial instability and uncertain development prospects. The economic instability of the global economy significantly affects food security at the micro–macro level, which ultimately hinders the development of the national economy. The world experience of using national models of economic development using mobilization principles is summarized. In order to determine the \"breakthrough points\", the efficiency of agricultural production and the dynamics of agricultural exports are analyzed. The choice of a breakthrough branch of the economy is justified - agricultural production, which allows ensuring the economic growth of the country and ensuring food security.

The development of a competitive, socially and strategically oriented agriculture becomes possible only if it switches to an innovative development path. Agriculture is an important and promising industry for Russia, therefore, its development in the direction of sustainable positive dynamics of providing food resources to the country's population and the entry of domestic agricultural products into foreign markets requires the definition of strategic guidelines for innovation in this industry, in accordance with which the state policy of ensuring the competitiveness of agricultural enterprises will be implemented. The article analyzes the current state of innovative development of the agricultural sector in Russia. The importance of introducing innovations in the agricultural sector is also highlighted, and the main stages of this process are described. The positive aspects and threats that hinder the effective development of innovative agricultural activities are presented. The analysis of the main problems of innovation implementation is carried out and the ways of their solution are given.

In the article, the authors reveal the organizational and economic mechanism of innovation-intensive development of agricultural enterprises, which is based on a comprehensive system of scientific, technical, economic, technological research and development and depends on organizational, legal, economic, legal and technical levers to increase the efficiency of activities. The component of scientific support for innovation-intensive development, methods and directions of its implementation in agricultural production are identified and justified. It is proved that the determining role in modern conditions for the formation of an innovation-intensive type of development is played by a set of factors that are conditionally divided into external and internal, organizational and managerial, scientific and technical, technological, informational, etc. According to the results of the research, the spheres of application of scientific developments are proposed and the directions of their implementation on the way to the transition to an innovation-intensive type of production in agriculture are highlighted.

Digitalization of representatives of the agricultural sector of the Russian Federation is one of the defining directions in the modern conditions of their activities. A special role in the development of the agro-industrial complex digitalization is influenced by “Industry 4.0”, which identifies the development trends of most enterprises over the past 10 years. The article examines the features of digitalization impact on the functioning of agricultural enterprises. The evolution of technological patterns in agriculture is analyzed and the role of digitalization in the formation and development of modern technological production of agricultural products is revealed. Technological factors of updating the production base of agricultural enterprises are determined. The influence of digitalization on each separate subsystem of agricultural enterprises is considered with the determination of the overall synergetic effect.

Achieving competitiveness in the global world economy system requires strengthening the innovative direction of representatives of the domestic agro-industrial sector. The innovative component of the agricultural sector also plays an important role in solving the country’s food security. The article considers the basics of the development of innovative activity of agro-industrial enterprises and the impact of innovative activity in the agro-industrial complex on the country food security. Obstacles are analyzed and priority directions of innovative development of agro-industrial enterprises are reflected.