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As a contrast and heating agent, the admissibility of nanoferrites grows gradually. To prepare Co 1-x Zn x Fe 2 O 4 , coprecipitation procedure was utilized. The nanoferrites were coated with chitosan. The configuration of spinel ferrite has been verified by XRD spectra and FTIR. Bright- and dark-field TEM and HRTEM were obtained to investigate the surface structure. From EDS analysis, the elemental composition has been determined. The shift of magnetic behavior has been elaborated by the Mössbauer analysis. The change in saturation magnetization and coercivity with zinc proportion has been studied in detail by the M–H curve. The hydrodynamic diameter and polydispersity index (PDI) of the chitosan-coated solution at concentrations 1 mg/ml and 2 mg/ml were measured. An in vitro cytotoxicity test on HeLa cancer cells was investigated. The effect of the contrast agent was investigated by TOF experiments. The heating profile of the samples was examined. It was observed that Co 0.6 Zn 0.4 Fe 2 O 4 was suitable for hyperthermia applications. Graphical abstract

Women have higher prevalence of asthma compared with men. In asthma, allergic airway inflammation is initiated by IL-33 signaling through ST2, leading to increased IL-4, IL-5, and IL-13 production and eosinophil infiltration. Foxp3+ Tregs suppress and ST2+ Tregs promote allergic airway inflammation. Clinical studies showed that the androgen dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) reduced asthma symptoms in patients, and mouse studies showed that androgen receptor (AR) signaling decreased allergic airway inflammation. Yet the impact of AR signaling on lung Tregs remains unclear. Using AR-deficient and Foxp3 fate-mapping mice, we determined that AR signaling increased Treg suppression during Alternaria extract (Alt Ext; allergen) challenge by stabilizing Foxp3+ Tregs and limiting the number of ST2+ ex-Tregs and IL-13+ Th2 cells and ex-Tregs. AR signaling also decreased Alt Ext-induced ST2+ Tregs in mice by limiting expression of Gata2, a transcription factor for ST2, and by decreasing Alt Ext-induced IL-33 production from murine airway epithelial cells. We confirmed our findings in human cells where 5α-dihydrotestosterone (DHT), an androgen, decreased IL-33-induced ST2 expression in lung Tregs and decreased Alt Ext-induced IL-33 secretion in human bronchial epithelial cells. Our findings showed that AR signaling stabilized Treg suppressive function, providing a mechanism for the sex difference in asthma.

Articular cartilage heals poorly but experiences mechanically induced damage across a broad range of loading rates and matrix integrity. Because loading rates and matrix integrity affect cartilage mechanical responses due to poroviscoelastic relaxation mechanisms, their effects on cartilage failure are important for assessing and preventing failure. This paper investigated rate- and integrity-dependent crack nucleation in cartilage from pre- to post-relaxation timescales. Rate-dependent crack nucleation and relaxation responses were obtained as a function of matrix integrity through microindentation. Total work for crack nucleation increased with decreased matrix integrity, and with decreased loading rates. Critical energy release rate of intact cartilage was estimated as 2.39 ± 1.39 to 2.48 ± 1.26 kJ m −2 in a pre-relaxation timescale. These findings showed that crack nucleation is delayed when cartilage can accommodate localized loading through poroviscoelastic relaxation mechanisms before fracture at a given loading rate and integrity state.

Binder Jet Additive Manufacturing (BJAM) is a versatile AM technique that can form parts from a variety of powdered materials including metals, ceramics, and polymers. BJAM utilizes inkjet printing to selectively bind these powder particles together to form complex geometries. Adoption of BJAM has been limited due to its inability to form strong green parts using conventional binders. We report the discovery of a versatile polyethyleneimine (PEI) binder for silica sand that doubled the flexural strength of parts to 6.28 MPa compared with that of the conventional binder, making it stronger than unreinforced concrete (~4.5 MPa) in flexural loading. Furthermore, we demonstrate that PEI in the printed parts can be reacted with ethyl cyanoacrylate through a secondary infiltration, resulting in an increase in flexural strength to 52.7 MPa. The strong printed parts coupled with the ability for sacrificial washout presents potential to revolutionize AM in various applications including construction and tooling. The limited strength of green parts have been a major hurdle in the Binder Jet Additive Manufacturing. Here the authors apply polyethyleneimine binder to print silica sand structures with double the flexural strength of green parts and 8-fold increase in the strength upon reactive infiltration.

Samples of Co1–xZnxFe2O4 (x = 0.2, 0.4, 0.6 and 0.8) were prepared using the typical wet chemical co-precipitation process. The samples were then sintered at 600°C and 800°C for 3 h in air. The structure of the material was investigated by x-ray diffraction (XRD) and Rietveld refinement, and a single-phase spinel cubic structure was confirmed by XRD. The size and shape of the material were evaluated by transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The selected area electron diffraction (SAED) pattern revealed distinct planes of the system. Investigation of the Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectra confirmed the successful uniform coating. The transformation of relaxations was revealed by Mössbauer spectroscopy. Changes in saturation magnetization and remanent magnetization were observed using a vibrating sample magnetometer. The lowest coercivity value verified the soft nature of the ferrite material. The allocation of cations according to the change in composition was studied with the help of Mössbauer spectroscopy. The transition from ferromagnetic to paramagnetic behavior was also revealed. The real and imaginary parts of the complex permeability were computed from frequencies of 1 kHz to 120 MHz using an impedance analyzer. It was observed that the constant value up to a higher-frequency range makes the material suitable for storage device applications.

Background & objectives: Bangladesh is afflicted with periodic dengue outbreak every few years and one of the worst upsurges was recorded in 2019 during which there was an increasing trend of dengue with unusual symptoms which were not so common before. This study aims to describe the experience of three tertiary care centres of Dhaka regarding the clinical and laboratory, hospital outcome and management profile of the Expanded Dengue Syndrome (EDS) cases admitted from the 2019 outbreak. Methods: The current work was a cross-sectional observational study which took place from August 1 to December 31 2019 at three major tertiary care centres in Dhaka, Bangladesh. Out of total 2017 screened dengue cases, 49 met the inclusion criteria and 39 were enrolled after taking informed written consent. Data was analysed using Microsoft Excel and Graph pad prism 9.3.1. A probability value of p<0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: Out of the 39 cases, majority were male (79.49%) with median (±IQR) age of 33(±9) years. Hypertension (4; 10.26%) was the most commonly associated co-morbidity. Among the systemic manifestations, most prevalent was hepatitis (38.49%) followed by encephalopathy (12.82%). Majority of the patients were suffering from primary infection (85%). Case fatality rate was 15.38%. Hepatitis and meningoencephalitis were the predominant cause of death. This study records the only known case report of Acute respiratory dress syndrome (ARDS) complicating dengue from Bangladesh. None of the patients from our cohort were managed by steroids. Only two (5.13%) out of 39 cases received antibiotics. Interpretation & conclusion: In the year 2019, an unusual rise in EDS cases with about 15.4% fatalities were observed in this study. Hepatitis was the most common presentation and cause of death. Here, we report the first ARDS case encountered in Bangladesh. Despite the multifaceted presentation of EDS, indiscriminate use of antibiotics and steroid was minimal. Early recognition of multifarious features of EDS is important for choosing the targeted treatment option which can avert many deaths. The results of this study underline the necessity for more in-depth research into the risk factors that are contributing to mortality in EDS cases.

Yb-substituted Ni 0.5 Zn 0.5 Yb x Fe 2− x O 4 (0 ≤  x  ≤ 0.20 in the step of 0.04) ferrites have been synthesized using sol–gel auto combustion method. The structural characterization of the compositions has been performed by X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis, field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), quantum design physical properties measurement system (PPMS) that ensured the formation of single phase cubic spinel structure. Crystallite and average grain size are calculated and found to decrease with increasing Yb 3+ contents. Saturation magnetization ( M s ) and Bohr magnetic moment ( µ B ) decrease while the coercivity increases with the increase in Yb 3+ contents and successfully explained by the Neel’s collinear two sub-lattice model and critical size effect, respectively. Critical particle size has been estimated at 6.4 nm from the D XRD vs. M s , H c plot, the transition point between single domain regime (below the critical size) and multi-domain regime (beyond the critical size). Curie temperature ( T c ) reduces due to the weakening of A–O–B super exchange interaction and redistribution of cations, confirmed by the M–T graph. The compositions retain ferromagnetic ordered structured below T c and above T c , it becomes paramagnetic, making them plausible candidates for high temperature magnetic device applications. The relative quality factor (RQF) peak is obtained at a very high frequency (≥ 10 8  MHz), indicating the compositions could also be applicable for high frequency magnetic device applications.

Yttrium- (Y) substituted Mg–Zn ferrites with the compositions of Mg0.5Zn0.5YxFe2−xO4 (0 ≤ x ≤ 0.05) have been synthesized by conventional standard ceramic technique. The effect of Y3+ substitution on the structural, electrical, dielectric and magnetic properties of Mg–Zn ferrites has been studied. The single phase of spinel structure with a very tiny secondary phase of YFeO3 for higher Y contents has been detected. The theoretically estimated lattice constant has been compared with measured experimental lattice constant. The bulk density, X-ray density and porosity have been calculated. The Energy Dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy (EDS) study confirms the presence of Mg, Zn, Y, Fe and O ions in the prepared samples. Frequency dependence of conductivity has been studied and an increase in resistivity (an order) has been observed. Frequency dependence of dielectric constant (\\[\\varepsilon\\]), dielectric loss tangent (\\[\\tan \\delta\\]) has been studied and the lowering of \\[\\varepsilon\\] with the increase of Y content was noted. Dielectric relaxation time was found to vary between 15 to 31 ns. The saturation magnetization (Ms), coercive field (Hc), remanent magnetization (Mr) and Bohr magneton (µB) have been calculated. The variation of Ms has been successfully explained with the variation of A–B interaction strength due to Y substitution. The soft ferromagnetic nature also confirmed from the values of Hc. The complex permeability has been studied and the initial permeability was found to increase with Y up to x = 0.01, thereafter it decreases. The values of electrical resistivity and dielectric constant with proper magnetic properties suggest the suitability of Y-substituted Mg–Zn ferrites in microwave device applications.

There has been a significant increase in the consumption of cannabis for both recreational and medicinal purposes in recent years, and its use can have long-term consequences on cognitive functions, including memory. Here, we review the immediate and long-term effects of cannabis and its derivatives on glutamatergic neurotransmission, with a focus on both the presynaptic and postsynaptic alterations. Several factors can influence cannabinoid-mediated changes in glutamatergic neurotransmission, including dosage, sex, age, and frequency of use. Acute exposure to cannabis typically inhibits glutamate release, whereas chronic use tends to increase glutamate release. Conversely, the postsynaptic alterations are more complicated than the presynaptic effects, as cannabis can affect the glutamate receptor expression and the downstream signaling of glutamate. All these effects ultimately influence cognitive functions, particularly memory. This review will cover the current research on glutamate–cannabis interactions, as well as the future directions of research needed to understand cannabis-related health effects and neurological and psychological aspects of cannabis use.

Intracellular Chlamydia (C.) bacteria cause in cattle some acute but rare diseases such as abortion, sporadic bovine encephalomyelitis, kerato-conjunctivitis, pneumonia, enteritis and polyarthritis. More frequent, essentially ubiquitous worldwide, are low-level, asymptomatic chlamydial infections in cattle. We investigated the impact of these naturally acquired infections in a cohort of 51 female Holstein and Jersey calves from birth to 15 weeks of age. In biweekly sampling, we measured blood/plasma markers of health and infection and analyzed their association with clinical appearance and growth in dependence of chlamydial infection intensity as determined by mucosal chlamydial burden or contemporaneous anti-chlamydial plasma IgM. Chlamydia 23S rRNA gene PCR and ompA genotyping identified only C. pecorum (strains 1710S, Maeda, and novel strain Smith3v8) in conjunctival and vaginal swabs. All calves acquired the infection but remained clinically asymptomatic. High chlamydial infection associated with reduction of body weight gains by up to 48% and increased conjunctival reddening (P <10 −4). Simultaneously decreased plasma albumin and increased globulin (P <10 −4) suggested liver injury by inflammatory mediators as mechanisms for the growth inhibition. This was confirmed by the reduction of plasma insulin like growth factor-1 at high chlamydial infection intensity (P <10 −4). High anti- C. pecorum IgM associated eight weeks later with 66% increased growth (P = 0.027), indicating a potential for immune protection from C. pecorum -mediated growth depression. The worldwide prevalence of chlamydiae in livestock and their high susceptibility to common feed-additive antibiotics suggests the possibility that suppression of chlamydial infections may be a major contributor to the growth promoting effect of feed-additive antibiotics.