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الاقتصاد الصيني : الإصلاحات والتحولات
يتحدث الكتاب عن \"الاقتصاد الصيني\"، ينبغي أولا توحيد الأراء حول الإصلاح وذلك من أجل الأعداد المتقن لتصميمات رفيعة المستوى، وتخطيط شامل للإصلاح الاقتصادي والدفع في الوقت المناسب بالإصلاح الذي يساعد على السعي للتقدم في ظل حفظ الاستقرار، فقد حقق اقتصاد الصين خلال سنوات كثيرة من النمو السريع نجاحات كانت محط أنظار العالم، زأصبح ثاني أكبر كيان اقتصادي على مستوى العالم منذ بداية عام (2010)، وتخطى فعليا نصيب الفرد من إجمالي الناتج المحلي إلى (4000) دولار أمريكي، لتنضم الصين إلى الشريحة العليا من البلدان متوسطة الدخل.
Book
Osteoporosis Due to Hormone Imbalance: An Overview of the Effects of Estrogen Deficiency and Glucocorticoid Overuse on Bone Turnover
Osteoporosis is a serious health issue among aging postmenopausal women. The majority of postmenopausal women with osteoporosis have bone loss related to estrogen deficiency. The rapid bone loss results from an increase in bone turnover with an imbalance between bone resorption and bone formation. Osteoporosis can also result from excessive glucocorticoid usage, which induces bone demineralization with significant changes of spatial heterogeneities of bone at microscale, indicating potential risk of fracture. This review is a summary of current literature about the molecular mechanisms of actions, the risk factors, and treatment of estrogen deficiency related osteoporosis (EDOP) and glucocorticoid induced osteoporosis (GIOP). Estrogen binds with estrogen receptor to promote the expression of osteoprotegerin (OPG), and to suppress the action of nuclear factor-κβ ligand (RANKL), thus inhibiting osteoclast formation and bone resorptive activity. It can also activate Wnt/β-catenin signaling to increase osteogenesis, and upregulate BMP signaling to promote mesenchymal stem cell differentiation from pre-osteoblasts to osteoblasts, rather than adipocytes. The lack of estrogen will alter the expression of estrogen target genes, increasing the secretion of IL-1, IL-6, and tumor necrosis factor (TNF). On the other hand, excessive glucocorticoids interfere the canonical BMP pathway and inhibit Wnt protein production, causing mesenchymal progenitor cells to differentiate toward adipocytes rather than osteoblasts. It can also increase RANKL/OPG ratio to promote bone resorption by enhancing the maturation and activation of osteoclast. Moreover, excess glucocorticoids are associated with osteoblast and osteocyte apoptosis, resulting in declined bone formation. The main focuses of treatment for EDOP and GIOP are somewhat different. Avoiding excessive glucocorticoid use is mandatory in patients with GIOP. In contrast, appropriate estrogen supplement is deemed the primary treatment for females with EDOP of various causes. Other pharmacological treatments include bisphosphonate, teriparatide, and RANKL inhibitors. Nevertheless, more detailed actions of EDOP and GIOP along with the safety and effectiveness of medications for treating osteoporosis warrant further investigation.
Journal Article
الفكر في الصين اليوم
تناول الكتاب الفكر حول الصين اليوم حيث أنه خلال القرون الثلاثة الأخيرة التي شهدت تكون الحداثة الغربية وسيطرتها، تكونت عن الصين وترسخت صورة صين صاحبة كتابة رمزية، خاضعة لموروث استبدادي، معزولة عن سائر بقاع العالم، طوال قرون، وهو ما يفسر جمودها الفلسفي والسياسي والعلمي الذي جاء الغرب في الوقت المناسب لإيقاظها منه. فحين ننظر إلى كل هذه الترهات، سوف نجدها، بالتأكيد، بصيغ مختلفة وعلى مستويات متفاوتة التنميق، في عدد لا بأس به من المؤلفات الرائجة. وعلينا أن نضيف أن هذه المؤلفات لم تعدم، في المقابل، أن تمارس تأثيرا كبيرا في طريقة النخب الصينية تنظر بها إلى ثقافتها الخاصة، سواء في انتقاد الذات أو، خلافا لذلك كما هو الحال منذ فترة وجيزة، في مدح هذه الذات مدحا معززا بشعور قومي متزايد النخوة.
Book
Specialized medial prefrontal–amygdala coordination in other-regarding decision preference
Social behaviors recruit multiple cognitive operations that require interactions between cortical and subcortical brain regions. Interareal synchrony may facilitate such interactions between cortical and subcortical neural populations. However, it remains unknown how neurons from different nodes in the social brain network interact during social decision-making. Here we investigated oscillatory neuronal interactions between the basolateral amygdala and the rostral anterior cingulate gyrus of the medial prefrontal cortex while monkeys expressed context-dependent positive or negative other-regarding preference (ORP), whereby decisions affected the reward received by another monkey. Synchronization between the two nodes was enhanced for a positive ORP but suppressed for a negative ORP. These interactions occurred in beta and gamma frequency bands depending on the area contributing the spikes, exhibited a specific directionality of information flow associated with a positive ORP and could be used to decode social decisions. These findings suggest that specialized coordination in the medial prefrontal–amygdala network underlies social-decision preferences.Dal Monte et al. investigate neuronal synchrony between the primate amygdala and the anterior cingulate gyrus during social decision-making. Highly specialized coordination between these areas promotes prosocial, compared to antisocial, decisions.
Journal Article
Methods to improve the accuracy of next-generation sequencing
Next-generation sequencing (NGS) is present in all fields of life science, which has greatly promoted the development of basic research while being gradually applied in clinical diagnosis. However, the cost and throughput advantages of next-generation sequencing are offset by large tradeoffs with respect to read length and accuracy. Specifically, its high error rate makes it extremely difficult to detect SNPs or low-abundance mutations, limiting its clinical applications, such as pharmacogenomics studies primarily based on SNP and early clinical diagnosis primarily based on low abundance mutations. Currently, Sanger sequencing is still considered to be the gold standard due to its high accuracy, so the results of next-generation sequencing require verification by Sanger sequencing in clinical practice. In order to maintain high quality next-generation sequencing data, a variety of improvements at the levels of template preparation, sequencing strategy and data processing have been developed. This study summarized the general procedures of next-generation sequencing platforms, highlighting the improvements involved in eliminating errors at each step. Furthermore, the challenges and future development of next-generation sequencing in clinical application was discussed.
Journal Article
A Ratiometric Optical Dual Sensor for the Simultaneous Detection of Oxygen and Carbon Dioxide
Simultaneous detection of carbon dioxide (CO2) and oxygen (O2) has attracted considerable interest since CO2 and O2 play key roles in various industrial and domestic applications. In this study, a new approach based on a fluorescence ratiometric referencing method was reported to develop an optical dual sensor where platinum (II) meso-tetrakis(pentafluorophenyl)porphyrin (PtTFPP) complex used as the O2-sensitive dye, CdSe/ZnS quantum dots (QDs) combined with phenol red used as the CO2-sensitive dye, and CdSe/ZnS QDs used as the reference dye for the simultaneous detection of O2 and CO2. All the dyes were immobilized in a gas-permeable matrix poly (isobutyl methacrylate) (PolyIBM) and subjected to excitation using a 380 nm LED. The as-obtained distinct fluorescence spectral intensities were alternately exposed to analyte gases to observe changes in the fluorescence intensity. In the presence of O2, the fluorescence intensity of the Pt (II) complex was considerably quenched, while in the presence of CO2, the fluorescence intensity of QDs was increased. The corresponding ratiometric sensitivities of the optical dual sensor for O2 and CO2 were approximately 13 and 144, respectively. In addition, the response and recovery for O2 and CO2 were calculated to be 10 s/35 s and 20 s/60 s, respectively. Thus, a ratiometric optical dual gas sensor for the simultaneous detection of O2 and CO2 was successfully developed. Effects of spurious fluctuations in the intensity of external and excitation sources were suppressed by the ratiometric sensing approach.
Journal Article
Smart cities and quality of life: a quantitative analysis of citizens' support for smart city development
PurposeThis study examined a tourism destination, Macao, a fast-progressing smart city under development, vis-à-vis a set of smart city quality of life (SCQOL) domains and verified their effects on citizens' attitudes, perceptions and support for citizen-centric smart city development (SCD).Design/methodology/approachThis study adopted a quantitative approach. In particular, a questionnaire survey was used to collect data from Macao citizens. Factor analysis was used to identify SCQOL domains, while multiple linear regression and cluster analysis were used to achieve the research objectives.FindingsThis study identified five SCQOL domains: smart environment, smart people, smart livelihood, smart economy and economic policy, and smart mobility. Each of the domains had a different influence on citizens' attitudes and support for SCD. Three citizen segments (passive, neutral and enthusiastic supporters) were identified.Practical implicationsThe five SCQOL domains, their effects on citizens' support for SCD and the three citizen segments identified can help implement the appropriate measures to enhance the target groups' SCD. The findings are also of practical value in evaluating the citizen-centric approaches on smart progress in other contexts.Originality/valueThe concept of smart technology has been widely applied to all aspects of city development. The main goal of SCD is to enhance citizens' quality of life. However, most studies have only explored smart cities and quality of life in isolation. Grounded on citizen centrality, this study contributes to the literature on SCD by proposing a new concept of SCQOL, identifying the domains constituting SCQOL and their influence on citizens' support for SCD.
Journal Article
Sentiment analysis in hospitality and tourism: a thematic and methodological review
Purpose
This study aims to conduct a systematic review and critically analyze the sentiment analysis literature in hospitality and tourism from methodological (data sets and analyzes) and thematic (topics, theories, key constructs and their relationships) perspectives.
Design/methodology/approach
Qualitative thematic review and quantitative systematic review were performed on 70 papers obtained from hospitality and tourism categories of two databases, namely, Web of Science and Scopus.
Findings
A total of 5 topics and 27 sub-topics were identified and the major theme is market intelligence. Sentiment variables were investigated not only as independent but also as dependent variables. The customer rating is the most investigated dependent variable, whereas moderators and mediators were rarely tested. Most reviewed studies did not use theory. The findings from the methodological review show that analysis of big data was rare. Moreover, testing the performance of sentiment analyzes was uncommon, and only one paper tested the performance of aspect/feature extraction.
Research limitations/implications
This study extends prior review studies by providing a comprehensive view of how knowledge and methodologies of sentiment analysis have developed. The identified themes and key constructs serve as a solid base for future knowledge advancement. Future research directions on sentiment analysis are also provided.
Originality/value
To the best of the authors’ knowledge, this study is the first comprehensive methodological and thematic review of sentiment analysis in hospitality and tourism. Based on the identified findings, the authors propose several directions for future research.
Journal Article
Progression and development of information and communication technology research in hospitality and tourism
PurposeThis study aims to present a state-of-the art review on information and communication technology (ICT) research in hospitality and tourism published between 2014 and 2017.Design/methodology/approachA total of 288 full-length articles from eight top-tier hospitality and tourism journals were gathered by harnessing a systematic literature search approach. Subsequently, the authors used a qualitative content analysis to review, analyse and assign all included articles into a framework with six consumer-related and five supplier-related research streams.FindingsIn terms of volume (i.e. the amounts and ratios of ICT research in top-tier journals by publication year) and variety (i.e. the diversity of research topics), a significant progression of ICT research in hospitality and tourism is observed. However, some old and new knowledge gaps are still inadequately addressed, thus requiring scholars and practitioners to conduct additional research in the future.Practical implicationsThe accumulation of knowledge and actionable clues in this study is expected to keep practitioners updated with the overwhelming volume of ICT research.Originality/valueThis study contributes to the literature by accelerating the accumulation of knowledge on research topics and setting forth an agenda for future research. The findings also complement prior literature reviews by providing an overview of how knowledge on ICT research in hospitality and tourism has progressed since 2014.
Journal Article
Arginine is an epigenetic regulator targeting TEAD4 to modulate OXPHOS in prostate cancer cells
Arginine plays diverse roles in cellular physiology. As a semi-essential amino acid, arginine deprivation has been used to target cancers with arginine synthesis deficiency. Arginine-deprived cancer cells exhibit mitochondrial dysfunction, transcriptional reprogramming and eventual cell death. In this study, we show in prostate cancer cells that arginine acts as an epigenetic regulator to modulate histone acetylation, leading to global upregulation of nuclear-encoded oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) genes. TEAD4 is retained in the nucleus by arginine, enhancing its recruitment to the promoter/enhancer regions of OXPHOS genes and mediating coordinated upregulation in a YAP1-independent but mTOR-dependent manner. Arginine also activates the expression of lysine acetyl-transferases and increases overall levels of acetylated histones and acetyl-CoA, facilitating TEAD4 recruitment. Silencing of TEAD4 suppresses OXPHOS functions and prostate cancer cell growth in vitro and in vivo. Given the strong correlation of TEAD4 expression and prostate carcinogenesis, targeting TEAD4 may be beneficially used to enhance arginine-deprivation therapy and prostate cancer therapy.
Alterations in metabolism and amino acid usage are common in cancer cells. Here, the authors show in prostate cancer cells that arginine globally upregulates nuclear-encoded oxidative phosphorylation genes by altering histone acetylation and retaining TEAD4 in the nucleus to transactivate genes.
Journal Article