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Background The human brain is a dynamic neural system with time-varying functional connectivity (FC) strengths between brain regions. Evidence indicates that adolescents with major depressive disorder (MDD) exhibit decreased average FC strength in cognitive tasks. Nevertheless, research focused on dynamic FC analysis in this population remains limited. This study aims to identify cognitive task-related dynamic FC features as valuable biomarkers to characterize clinical symptoms in adolescents with MDD. Methods A total of 83 adolescents with MDD and 78 age/sex-matched healthy controls (HCs) were recruited. We utilized functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) to record brain functional data from participants while they performed the verbal fluency task (VFT). An analytical framework for fNIRS data was proposed, in which the average FC strength values over the entire VFT duration and the principal components (PCs) of dynamic (time-varying) FC strength values were extracted as static and dynamic FC features, respectively. A random forest model was built to distinguish adolescents with MDD from HCs. Statistical analyses of the FC features were conducted to identify between-group differences, as well as their relationships with clinical symptoms in adolescents with MDD. Results The random forest model achieved an accuracy of 86.32% (95% confidence interval: 83.75%-89.38%) for distinguishing adolescents with MDD from HCs. Significant between-group differences emerged in several FC features (false discovery rate-corrected q  < 0.05). For adolescents with MDD, the average FC strength value in the right dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) ~ right medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) pathway was a significant predictor of depressive and anxious symptoms; the 3rd PC of dynamic FC strength values in the left DLPFC ~ left temporal lobe (TL) pathway and the 5th PC of dynamic FC strength values in the right mPFC ~ right TL pathway were significant predictors of anhedonic symptoms. Conclusions VFT-related static and dynamic FC features in specific brain pathways are potential biomarkers for characterizing clinical symptoms in adolescents with MDD. The developed random forest model holds promise as a diagnostic tool for MDD in adolescents. Clinical trial number Not applicable.

Polydimethylsiloxane has the characteristics of low-temperature flexibility and excellent aging resistance. However, high molecule mobility and weak interactions between PDMS molecules result in poor mechanical strength and deficient gas barrier properties of PDMS composites. Herein, diamino-poly dimethylsiloxane (PDMS) was reacted with 4,4'-diphenylmethane diisocyanate (MDI) and 1,4-butanediol (BDO) to form urea-carbamate functionalized PDMS (MDI-PDMS-BDO) with different hard segment contents. Furthermore, the modified graphene oxide (iGO) was obtained by the reaction between graphene oxide (GO) and MDL iGO was further introduced into the functionalized PDMS to prepare iGO/urethane-urea functionalized PDMS composites (iGO/MDI-PDMS-BDO). An ordered structure was formed by the hard segments of the MDI-PDMS-BDO functionalized PDMS. A strong urea-based interface was also obtained between iGO and functionalized PDMS. iGO became the cross-linking center in the iGO/MDI-PDMS-BDO composites. Due to the ordered structure of hard segments and the iGO network formed in the PDMS composite with only 0.07 wt% iGO, the tensile strength and gas barrier properties of the iGO/MDI-PDMS-BDO composite were increased by 18 times and 64.27%, respectively, compared with pure PDMS.

We aimed to verify the impact of functional remediation (FR) on serum brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and tyrosine kinase receptor B (TrkB) levels, to explore the biomechanism of FR intervention in patients with euthymic bipolar disorder (BD). This is a randomized controlled, 12-week intervention study with participants randomized into the FR group (n=39) and the treatment as usual group (TAU, n=42) at the 1∶1 ratio. 17-Hamilton Depression Rating Scale-17 (HDRS-17), Young Mania Rating Scale (YMRS), and Measurement and Treatment Research to Improve Cognition in Schizophrenia (MATRICS) Consensus Cognitive Battery (MCCB) were used to assess affective symptoms and cognitive functioning both at baseline and week 12, respectively. Meanwhile, we collected blood samples (10 milliliters) from all participants for determination of serum BDNF/ TrkB levels both at baseline and week 12. After baseline assessment, all participants received FR or TAU treatments, respectively. Our results showed significant decreasing in HDRS-17 and YMRS scores, increasing in serum BDNF and TrkB levels in both groups over 12 weeks (all s<0.05). There were no group differences in the HDRS-17 and YMRS scores (all s>0.05), but the FR group showed greater increasing in serum BDNF and TrkB levels than those in the TAU group (all s<0.05). In terms of cognition, the change in serum BDNF levels was negatively correlated with changes in Mazes test, and the improved TrKB levels were associated with improved Mayer-Salovey-Caruso Emotional Intelligence Test (MSCEIT) in the FR group (all s<0.05). The changes in serum BDNF and TrkB levels may be implicated in the mechanisms underlying FR intervention in euthymic patients with BD. A longer follow-up period than 12 weeks and set up healthy controls may make the results more convincing, and the sample size of this study is still insufficient.

Alterations in the temporal characteristics of EEG microstates in patients with schizophrenia (SCZ) have been repeatedly found in previous studies. Nevertheless, altered temporal characteristics of EEG microstates in auditory verbal hallucinations (AVHs) SCZ are still unknown. This study aimed to investigate whether SCZ patients with sAVHs exhibit abnormal EEG microstates. We analyzed high-density electroencephalography data that from 79 SCZ patients, including 38 severe AVHs patients (sAVH group), 17 moderate auditory verbal hallucinations patients (mid-AVH group), and 24 without auditory verbal hallucinations patients (non-AVH group). Microstates were compared between three groups. Microstate C exhibited significant differences in duration and coverage and microstate B exhibited significant differences in occurrence between patients with sAVHs and without AVHs. There was a significant negative correlation between the coverage in microstate C and the severity of sAVH. Microstate C in duration, microstate B in occurrence were efficient in detecting sAVH patients. The decreased class C microstates in duration and coverage and increased class B microstates in occurrence may contribute to the severity of symptoms in AVH patients. Furthermore, we have identified that microstates C could serve as potential neurophysiological markers for detecting AVHs in SCZ patients. These results can provide potential avenues for therapeutic intervention of AVHs.

Self-healing polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) has garnered significant attention due to its potential applications across various fields. In this study, a functionalized modification of PDMS containing di-aminos was initially conducted using 2,6-pyridinedicarbonyl chloride to synthesize pyridine-PDMS (Py-PDMS). Subsequently, rare earth metal europium ions (Eu3+) were incorporated into Py-PDMS. Due to the coordination interaction between Eu3+ and organic ligands, a coordination cross-linking network was created within the Py-PDMS matrix, resulting in the fabrication of Eu3+-Py-PDMS elastomer. At a molar ratio of Eu3+ to ligands of 1:1, the tensile strength of Eu3+-Py-PDMS reached 1.4 MPa, with a fracture elongation of 824%. Due to the dynamic reversibility of coordination bonds, Eu3+-Py-PDMS with a metal-to-ligand molar ratio of 1:2 exhibited varying self-healing efficiencies at different temperatures. Notably, after 4 h of repair at 60 °C, its self-healing efficiency reached nearly 100%. Furthermore, the gas barrier properties of Eu3+-Py-PDMS with a molar ratio of 1:1 was improved compared with that of Eu3+-Py-PDMS with a molar ratio of 1:1. This study provides an effective strategy for the design and fabrication of PDMS with high mechanical strength, high gas barrier properties, and exceptional self-healing efficiency.

The effects of different isolation methods including dry-milling (DM), sour liquid processing (SL), alkaline steeping (AS) and neutral protease isolation (NP) on pea starch physicochemical properties and textural properties of vermicelli were studied. The results showed that the pea starch isolated by DM had higher damaged starch content of 12.44 %. The starch isolated by NP showed the lowest SP and %SOL, while DM starch showed the highest. The AS starch showed higher PV, TV and FV than the other starches. The NP starch gel showed significantly lower hardness value than the other starch gel. The AS starch had higher To, Tp, Tc and endothermic enthalpy value than SL starch did. The vermicelli made from NP and SL starches had significantly lower CL and higher tensile strength, elongation at break, apparent modulus and fracture work. The result of the study implied that the vermicelli made from NP and SL starches had better quality than that made from DM and AS starches.

BackgroundMajor depressive disorder and insomnia often coexist, and the two may share a mechanism of pathogenesis and be affected by common underlying genes with strong pleiotropic effects. Previous genome-wide association studies (GWAS) mainly focused on single-gene morphological characters analysis, which impose limitations on showing possible pleiotropic effects.ObjectiveTo identify genetic loci related to insomnia and major depressive disorder, and to examine whether there are common genetic factors underlying both insomnia and depression. MethodsThe GWAS data for major depressive disorder originates from the Psychiatric Genomics Consortium (PGC), which comprises a total of 246 363 depressive cases and 561 190 controls. The insomnia GWAS data was downloaded from Sleep Disorder Knowledge Portal, involving 1,331 010 participants. Then the conditional false discovery rate (cFDR) and conjunction cFDR (ccFDR) were utilized to identify the genetic loci associated with major depressive disorder and insomnia, and

R749.4; 背景 抑郁症和失眠症常共病存在,两者存在一些共同的发病机制,并可能受相同的多效性基因调控.既往全基因组关联研究(GWAS)一般采用单性状研究,在解释基因多效性方面存在一定的狭窄性.目的 识别与失眠症和抑郁症相关的遗传变异位点,检验抑郁症和失眠症是否存在共同的遗传因素.方法 抑郁症GWAS数据来自精神疾病遗传学联盟(PGC),共包含246363例抑郁症患者和561190例正常对照.失眠症GWAS数据来自睡眠障碍知识门户,共包含1331010例受试者.采用条件错误发现率(cFDR)和联合的条件错误发现率(ccFDR)方法筛选与抑郁症和失眠症相关的遗传位点,采用通路富集分析检验这些位点的生物学功能.结果 抑郁症和失眠症存在显著的多效性富集现象.利用cFDR方法,以cFDR<0.01作为显著性阈值,鉴定出21个易感位点与抑郁症相关(其中17个是新识别的),38个易感位点与失眠症相关(其中28个是新识别的).以ccFDR<0.05为显著性阈值,识别出16个多效性位点与抑郁症和失眠症均相关,其中15个是本研究新识别的.通路富集分析结果显示,与抑郁症和失眠症均关联的易感位点富集于突触传递相关通路,如突触后密度(GO:0014069,P=4.91E-04,FDR=4.84E-03)、不对称突触(GO:0032279,P=5.09E-0,FDR=4.84E-03)、突触后膜神经递质受体水平的调节(GO:0099072,P=5.11E-04,FDR=1.69E-02).结论 失眠症与抑郁症之间存在多效性富集现象,其共病机制与突触传递有关.

Using the energy-based Hamiltonian function method, this paper investigates the decentralized robust nonlinear control of multiple static var compensators (SVCs) in multimachine multiload power systems. First, the uncertain nonlinear differential algebraic equation model is constructed for the power system. Then, the dissipative Hamiltonian realization of the system is completed by means of variable transformation and prefeedback control. Finally, based on the obtained dissipative Hamiltonian realization, a decentralized robust nonlinear controller is put forward. The proposed controller can effectively utilize the internal structure and the energy balance property of the power system. Simulation results verify the effectiveness of the control scheme.

Comprehensive harnessing of soil and water erosion can change the regional surface environment, improve ecological conditions, and promote regional social and economic development, which can also achieve good ecological, social, and economic benefits for the purpose of preventing and controlling soil erosion. Scientific evaluation of soil erosion comprehensive harnessing benefits is presented, and analysis of influencing factors is adopted, which is an important basis for further understanding of work effectiveness and optimization of governance measures. The research selects Taihang Mountain Area of Hebei Province as the research area. This paper evaluates the comprehensive treatment benefits of 16 typical small watersheds by multi-level fuzzy evaluation method, and uses the exponential, linear, logarithmic, power function and polynomial as the model. The correlation between land use type area and comprehensive treatment benefit was studied, and the corresponding improvement of management efficiency has been proposed in order to provide a reference for optimizing the comprehensive management mode of small watersheds in Taihang Mountain area and improving the efficiency of comprehensive management.