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Based on an introduced optimal trajectory planning method, this paper mainly deals with the accuracy analysis during the function approximation process of the optimal trajectory planning method The basis functions are composed of Hermit polynomials and Founer series to improve the approximation accuracy Since the approximation accuracy is affected by the given orders of each basis function, the accuracy of the optimal solution is examined by changing the combinations of the orders of Hermit polynomials and Fourier series as the approximation basis functions As a result, it is found that the proper approximation basis functions are the 5th order Hermit polynomials and the 7th-10th order of Fourier series

Based on an introduced optimal trajectory planning method, this paper mainly deals with the accuracy analysis during the function approximation process of the optimal trajectory planning method. The basis functions are composed of Hermit polynomials and Fourier series to improve the approximation accuracy. Since the approximation accuracy is affected by the given orders of each basis function, the accuracy of the optimal solution is examined by changing the combinations of the orders of Hermit polynomials and Fourier series as the approximation basis functions. As a result, it is found that the proper approximation basis functions are the $5^{th}$ order Hermit polynomials and the $7^{th}-10^{th}$ order of Fourier series.

This research is focused on the evaluation method of anchored slope stability, and an accurate evaluation method with a simple operation is proposed. Group decision theory and the analytic hierarchy process are used to determine the weight of each evaluation element, the correlation degree of each indicator is determined based on matter element analysis theory, and inverse hierarchical calculations are performed based on the obtained weight value and correlation degree to finally obtain the criteria layer correlation degree used for stability evaluation. The results show the following: (1) the evaluation method better integrates the effects of multiple factors on the stability of the anchored slope, and the evaluation results are accurate and consistent with the actual situation of the project; (2) the evaluation method can make full use of the experience of the expert group and effectively avoid the evaluation error caused by the subjective deviation of a single expert; (3) the group decision theory-entropy model was introduced to realize the quantitative evaluation of the reliability of expert scoring and effectively improve the efficiency of expert discussion; and (4) the evaluation result is intuitive, and the correlation degree obtained can not only reflect the stability grade of the anchored slope but also reflect the \"distance\" between the anchored slope and other stability grades.

As vehicle-centric perception struggles with occlusion and dense traffic, vehicle-infrastructure cooperative perception (VICP) offers a viable route to extend sensing coverage and robustness. This study proposes a feature-level VICP framework that fuses vehicle- and roadside-derived visual features via V2X communication. The model integrates four components: regional feature reconstruction (RFR) for transferring region-specific roadside cues, context-driven channel attention (CDCA) for channel recalibration, uncertainty-weighted fusion (UWF) for confidence-guided weighting, and point sampling voxel fusion (PSVF) for efficient alignment. Evaluated on the DAIR-V2X-C benchmark, our method consistently outperforms state-of-the-art feature-level fusion baselines, achieving improved AP3D and APBEV (reported settings: 16.31% and 21.49%, respectively). Ablations show RFR provides the largest single-module gain +3.27% AP3D and +3.85% APBEV, UWF yields substantial robustness gains, and CDCA offers modest calibration benefits. The framework enhances occlusion handling and cross-view detection while reducing dependence on explicit camera calibration, supporting more generalizable cooperative perception.

Soil–rock mixtures are commonly encountered in the construction of bored piles. Conventional bentonite support fluids have disadvantages, such as more significant environmental impacts, more complex mixing, bigger site footprint, weaker foundation performance, and overall low economies. The present study conducted a comprehensive investigation of partially hydrolyzed polyacrylamide (PHPA) polymer fluids, an alternative to bentonite ones, to drill into a soil-limestone mixture. The fluid flow pattern, aging behavior, and the influence of finer silty clay on polymer fluid were explored. The test results showed that polymer fluids were reasonably well fitted to the power-law model and were a good alternative to the conventional bentonite ones. In terms of their aging behavior, the remaining active viscosity of the polymer was at least 70% after a prolonged aging time of up to 30 days, showing the effective on-site use of polymer fluids. The mixing of silty clay significantly reduced the apparent viscosity of polymer fluids, with 10% silty clay causing a viscosity reduction of 76%, indicating the importance of fluid control in drilling these materials. A polymer formula, water + 0.08%PHPA + 0.1~0.5%Na2CO3, was proposed and was verified by drilling into a soil–limestone mixture. The polymer fluids led to small radial displacements around the boreholes with a high drilling quality. This work would be helpful for consultants and contractors designing and constructing bored piles in soil and rock mixtures utilizing polymer fluids.

Purpose Diffuse pollution has been extensively studied in China from loading assessments to watershed management, which are important in international research. However, few studies that assess the advances of diffuse pollution modeling and studies of trace diffuse pollutants have been conducted. The adaption and development of imported model systems based on local observations and climatic features have improved study skills and presented unique characteristics. In addition to traditional diffuse pollutants (e.g., nitrogen and phosphorus), modeling trace heavy metals and pesticide also provides insights for watershed management. Materials and methods We reviewed existing literature on diffuse pollution model applications and developments in China, attempting to provide a better understanding of the advances of diffuse pollution and new research directions for pollution modeling. Results and discussion Diverse methods have been adopted to express diffuse pollution formation, transport and environmental impacts using modeling as an effective tool for developing management guidelines in China. Model applications at different temporal–spatial scales, development of diffuse pollution modeling for emerging pollutants, and impacts of diffuse pollution on water quality in China were analyzed. Pollution loading decreased from east to west, coinciding with farmland distributions, tillage intensity, and economic levels. The temporal patterns of pollution loading have increased in recent decades due to increased fertilizer additions and climate warming which has put more pressure on water quality. This analysis indicated that enhancing existing models, with more field observations, is key for future diffuse pollution studies of trace organic pollutants and heavy metals. Establishing national databases and validating standard model parameters are essential and currently weak points at the national scale with respect to diffuse pollution modeling. Conclusions Diffuse pollution has become a challenging issue in watershed management, and agricultural diffuse pollution poses the greatest risk to watershed management in China. However, the mechanisms involved in trace pollutant transport and the environmental consequences of these pollutants are largely unknown in China, where complicated tillage methods are used and climatic conditions vary throughout the country. Accumulated field observations at diverse temporal–spatial scales are important to accurately model and perform water risk assessments.

Responsive chromogenic materials have attracted increasing interest among researchers; however, up until now, few materials have exhibited multifunctional chromogenic properties. The coordination polymers (CPs) provide intriguing platforms to design and construct multifunctional materials. Here, a multifunctional photo/electricity responsive CP named Zn−Oxv, which is based on the “extended viologen” (ExV) ligand, was synthesized. The Zn−Oxv exhibited reversible photochromism, photomodulated fluorescence, electrochromism and electrofluorochromism. Furthermore, we prepared Zn−Oxv thin films and investigated electrochromic (EC) properties of viologen−based CPs for the first time. Zn−Oxv thin films showed excellent EC performance with a rapid switching speed (both coloring and bleaching time within 1 s), high coloration efficiency (102.9 cm2/C) and transmittance change (exceeding 40%). Notably, the Zn−Oxv is by far the fastest CP EC material based on redox−active ligands ever reported, indicating that the viologen−based CPs could open up a new field of materials for EC applications. Therefore, viologen−based CPs are attractive candidates for the design of novel multi−responsive chromogenic materials and EC materials that could promise creative applications in intelligent technology, dynamic displays and smart sensors.

In rock engineering, the shear strength of the basalt-concrete bonding interface is a key factor affecting the shear performance of hydroelectric dam foundations, embedded rock piles and rock bolts. In this study, 30 sets of in-situ direct shear tests were conducted on the basalt-concrete bond interface in the Baihetan dam area to investigate the shear strength characteristics of the basalt-concrete bonding interface. The bonding interface contains two states, i.e., the bonding interface is not sheared, termed as s e (symbolic meaning see Table 1); the bonding interface is sheared with rupture surface, termed as s i . The effects of lithology, Joints structure, rock type grade and concrete compressive strength on the shear strength of the concrete-basalt contact surface were investigated. The test results show that the shear strength of the bonding interface ( s e & s i ) of columnar jointed basalt with concrete is greater than that of the bonding interface ( s e & s i ) of non-columnar jointed one with the same rock type grade. When the rock type grade is III 2 , f col is 1.22 times higher than f ncol and c col is 1.13 times greater than c ncol . The shear strength parameters of the basalt-concrete bonding interface differ significantly for different lithologies. The cohesion of the bonding interface ( s i ) of cryptocrystalline basalt with concrete is 2.05 times higher than that of the bonding interface ( s i ) of breccia lava with concrete under the same rock type grade condition. Rock type grade has a large influence on the shear strength of the non-columnar jointed basalt-concrete bonding interface ( s e & s i ). c nol increases by 33% when the grade of rock type rises from III 1 to II 1 . the rock type grade has a greater effect on bonding interface ( s i ) cohesion than the coefficient of friction. When the rock type grade is reduced from III 2 to III 1 , f ′ ncol increases by 2% and c ′ ncol improves by 44%. The shear strength of the non-columnar jointed basalt-concrete bonding interface ( s e & s i ) increases with the increase of the compressive strength of concrete. When concrete compressive strength rises from 22.2 to 27.6 MPa, the cohesion increases by 94%.

Many large landslides may have multi-sliding zones that are simultaneously active due to the influence of engineering geological and hydrogeological conditions. Here, a simplified multi-sliding zone landslide model is developed to reproduce the deformation behavior and evolution process of landslides. A multi-sensor monitoring system is implemented to record the surface deformation, subsurface deformation, and soil pressure during the test. The flexible inclinometer sensor technique is utilized for subsurface relative deformation monitoring in the model test. A uniform thrust loading is applied on the trailing edge of the model. The results show that the displacement evolution reflects four stages, namely, initial, constant, accelerative, and failure stages, and the evolutionary process of each landslide at different depths is different. The variation trends of soil pressure are similar to those of subsurface displacement, which can be classified into four analogous stages. When landslide failure occurs, the soil pressure drops suddenly. The variation of soil pressure could reflect the energy state of the multi-sliding zone landslide. The correlation coefficients between the soil pressure and the subsurface relative displacement are different among the multi-sliding zones. During the test, the soil pressure of the multi-sliding zones landslide presents a complicated multistage trapezoidal distribution, and the multi-sliding zones have the greater soil pressures. Under the action of thrust loading and gravity, translational sliding with multi-sliding zones occurred, and local shear sliding occurs at the front of the landslide. This research provides improved insight into the evolutionary process of the multi-sliding zone landslide.

This paper develops a multi-physics interface code MC-FLUENT to couple the Monte Carlo code OpenMC with the commercial computational fluid dynamics code ANSYS FLUENT. The implementations and parallel performances of block Gauss–Seidel-type and block Jacobi-type Picard iterative algorithms have been investigated. In addition, this paper introduces two adaptive load-balancing algorithms into the neutronics and thermal-hydraulics coupled simulation to reduce the time cost of computation. Considering that the different scalability of OpenMC and FLUENT limits the performance of block Gauss–Seidel algorithm, an adaptive load-balancing algorithm that can increase the number of nodes dynamically is proposed to improve its efficiency. Moreover, with the natural parallelism of block Jacobi algorithm, another adaptive load-balancing algorithm is proposed to improve its performance. A 3 x 3 PWR fuel pin model and a 1000 MWt ABR metallic benchmark core were used to compare the performances of the two algorithms and verify the effectiveness of the two adaptive load-balancing algorithms. The results show that the adaptive load-balancing algorithms proposed in this paper can greatly improve the computing efficiency of block Jacobi algorithm and improve the performance of block Gauss–Seidel algorithm when the number of nodes is large. In addition, the adaptive load-balancing algorithms are especially effective when a case demands different computational power of OpenMC and FLUENT.