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The relationship between adaptive functioning and autism symptomatology was examined in 1,089 verbal youths with ASD examining results on Vineland-II, IQ, and measures of ASD severity. Strong positive relationships were found between Vineland subscales and IQ. Vineland Composite was negatively associated with age. IQ accounted a significant amount of the variance in overall adaptive skills (55%) beyond age and ASD severity. Individuals with ASD demonstrated significant adaptive deficits and negligible associations were found between the level of autism symptomatology and adaptive behavior. The results indicate that IQ is a strong predictor of adaptive behavior, the gap between IQ and adaptive impairments decreases in lower functioning individuals with ASD, and older individuals have a greater gap between IQ and adaptive skills.

Although research in autism has grown more sophisticated, the gap between research knowledge and applicability of research in real world settings has grown. There have been a number of different reviews of evidence-based practices of treatments for young children with autism. Reviews which have critically evaluated the empirical evidence have not found any treatments that can be considered evidence-based. Reasons for this shortcoming are explored, and a new method for the evaluation of empirical evidence is provided. Future uses of this evaluative method are provided as well as a discussion of how this tool might aid in narrowing the research to practice gap.

In this systematic map review, we aimed (1) at identifying studies including the co-occurrence of autism spectrum disorders (ASD) and gender dysphoria (GD) between 1946 and 2018, and (2) to present the papers included in this systematic map review to provide authors in the field of GD, sexuality and ASD with an important database of studies focusing on this very complex topic. The field is of emerging interest, as observed by the large increase of studies over the past decades, especially since 2015. However, future challenges are to be addressed in future studies.

The authors assessed the reliability of the Autism Diagnostic Interview (ADI-R). Seven Clinical Examiners evaluated a three and one half year old female toddler suspected of being on the Autism Spectrum. Examiners showed agreement levels of 94–96% across all items, with weighted kappa (K w ) between .80 and .88. They were in 100% agreement on 74% of the items; in excellent agreement on 6% of the items (93–96%, with K w between .78 and .85); in good agreement on 7% (89–90%, with K w between .62 and 0.68); and in fair agreement on 3% (82 – 84%, with K w between .40 and .47). For the remaining 10% of ADI-R items, examiners showed poor agreement (50–81% with K w between −.67 and .37).

The relationship between adaptive functioning (\"ability\") and autism symptomatology (\"disability\") remains unclear, especially for higher functioning individuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). This study investigates \"ability\" and \"disability\" using the \"Vineland\" and \"Autism Diagnostic Observation Schedule\" (ADOS), respectively, in two clinical samples of children with ASD. Participants included 187 males with VIQ greater than 70. Vineland scores were substantially below VIQ, highlighting the magnitude of adaptive impairments despite cognitive potential. A weak relationship was found between ability and disability. Negative relationships were found between age and Vineland scores and no relationships were found between age and ADOS scores. Positive relationships were found between IQ and Vineland Communication. Results stress the need for longitudinal studies on ability and disability in ASD and emphasize the importance of adaptive skills intervention.

Early identification of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is regarded as crucial for swift access to early intervention and, subsequently, better outcomes later in life. However, current instruments miss large proportions of children who later go on to be diagnosed with ASD, raising a question of what these instruments measure. The present study utilized data from the Norwegian Mother, Father, and Child Cohort Study and the Autism Birth Cohort study to explore the subsequent developmental and diagnostic characteristics of children raising developmental concern on the six-critical discriminative item criterion of the M-CHAT (DFA6) at 18 months of age (N = 834). The DFA6 identified 28.8% of children diagnosed with ASD (N = 163), but 4.4% with language disorder (N = 188) and 81.3% with intellectual disability (N = 32) without ASD. Scoring in the «at-risk» range was associated with lower IQ, impaired functional language, and greater severity of autism symptoms whether children had ASD or not.

The author examined critically three beliefs of S.S. Stevens pertaining to his quadripartite system of scales of measurement: (1) There are four scales of measurement in common usage (2) These scales and the scientific disciplines that use them can be incrementally graded for levels of reliability and validity or accuracy such that: Nominal scale variables produce the lowest levels of reliability and accuracy; with successively improving levels for Ordinal, Equal Interval, and Equal Ratio scales; and (3) The scale upon which a variable is measured determines the type of statistical test that one is permitted to apply. It was shown that each of the three beliefs is fundamentally flawed.

Here we address the earlier published review by Øien et al. (J Autism Dev Disord, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10803-018-3686-7 , 2018) and the subsequent comments by Zucker and VanderLaan (J Autism Dev Disord, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10803-018-3748-x , 2018). The current commentary is a response to the corrections put forth by the latter authors where aspects related to diagnostic criteria of Gender Dysphoria and corrections to the existence of a control group were noted. Additionally, to highlight that research on Gender Dysphoria and ASD is becoming a very fast and growing field we also present an update of the original review which show a 13% increase of empirical studies published only in the past few months.