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Few studies have shown evidence about the factors that can determine physical practice in women over 60 years of age due to educational, economic, social, or health inequalities. Its knowledge could help to understand the determinants that encourage the practice of physical activity and the improvement of health in women over 60. Therefore, the aim of this research was to evaluate the level of studies, income, and the usefulness of social and health services in physically active older women according to the level of activity they practice. The IPAQ (International Physical Activity Questionnaire) and CUBRECAVI (subjective health scale) scales have been applied to a sample of 257 women between 61 and 93 years old (M = 69.44, SD = 4.61). The results have shown that those with vigorous physical activity are related to higher levels of education (p < 0.001) and income (p = 0.004). Furthermore, being dissatisfied with social and health services is associated with low levels of physical activity (p = 0.005). Older women who perform physical activity regularly are associated with high levels in some of the socio-environmental aspects of quality of life. High physical activity is related to a higher educational level and income. Socio-environmental factors generate social inequalities and modulate the lifestyles of older women.

Background: Ageism is a growing concern in aging societies and can affect future professionals’ attitudes toward older adults. Objective: To analyze the association between attitudes toward old age, self-perceptions of aging, and contact with older adults in the community among students at a private university in Chile. Methods: A descriptive, cross-sectional study was conducted with 515 university students aged 18 to 42 years from 11 campuses of Santo Tomás University in Chile. Attitudes toward older adults were assessed using the Kogan’s Attitudes toward Older People Scale (KAOP), and additional data on self-perceptions of health and aging, and contact with grandparents or older adults, were collected through a self-designed questionnaire. Statistical analyses included chi-square tests, one-way ANOVA, and Bonferroni post hoc comparisons. Results: A majority of students (61.2%) exhibited low-level positive attitudes toward older adults. Female students and those aged 26–42 years had significantly more positive attitudes than male and younger students (p < 0.05). Students with a healthier self-perception of aging (p = 0.011) and those who maintained contact with grandparents or older adults (p = 0.006) showed significantly more favorable attitudes toward aging. Nationality was also associated with attitudes, with Chilean students scoring higher than their foreign counterparts. Conclusions: Positive attitudes toward older adults among university students were associated with gender, age, self-perception of aging, and intergenerational contact. These findings highlight the importance of integrating educational and intergenerational programs in higher education to reduce ageism and promote respectful and inclusive perceptions of aging.

Background Morocco’s rapidly growing older adult population poses major care challenges. This demographic shift requires a proactive response from the government and health authorities. They should adopt strategies focused on chronic disease prevention, co-morbidity, and the management of geriatric syndromes. This study describes this population’s socio-demographic, economic and health profile. The study aims to identify factors associated with their quality of life through a scoping review. Methods The study is based on the PRISMA-ScR guidelines. The databases used to identify relevant articles ( n  = 24) published (in any language) until 1st September 2025 were Scopus, Web of Science, ScienceDirect and MEDLINE. Two investigators independently selected studies, extracted and analyzed data from studies involving Moroccan people aged 60 and over, focusing on their socio-demographic profile and the various dimensions of their quality of life. Results The analysis highlights significant issues among the older adult. First, illiteracy increases this population’s vulnerability by limiting access to information and health services, complicating their care. Second, chronic diseases severely affect their quality of life. They alter their physical capacity and lead to a loss of autonomy and dependence. Third, depression worsens health and contributes to a lasting sense of malaise. Finally, sexual function, although often neglected, remains a key factor associated quality of life, self-esteem and interpersonal relationships. Conclusions The management of comorbidities complicates medical care, exacerbates existing health conditions, and negatively associated with the quality of life of older adults. These findings underscore the need for a multidisciplinary approach to improve both healthcare services and overall well-being in this population.

There has not been much study of risk profiles in older people according to different levels of practice in physical activity. For this reason, the aim of this research was to evaluate whether the elements that influence the quality of life and factors such as gender and education can predict the level of physical activity in the physically active elderly population. The Fernández–Ballesteros quality of life questionnaire and the WHO International Physical Activity Questionnaire were applied to a sample of 397 people with a mean age of 69.65 years (SD = 4.71). The results revealed the following predictive factors of practicing a low level of physical activity (p < 0.05): being a woman; having a low educational level; and low scores in activity and leisure and in functional skills. In conclusion, gender, education, functional skills, activity and leisure, and health are elements of quality of life that predict the level of physical activity performed by the elderly, where it is necessary to use leisure activities (visiting friends, playing games, running errands) as an indirect way to increase participation in physical activity.

Background and Objective: The availability of money to purchase food within the school setting has been identified as a factor associated with children’s nutritional status. The aim of this study was to analyze the relationship between spending on snacks and the nutritional status of Chilean schoolchildren living in a region in the far south. Methods: This was a descriptive, correlational, cross-sectional study. A total of 596 schoolchildren and adolescents (12.1 ± 1.3 years) from three public schools in the Magallanes Region, Chile, participated. Nutritional status was assessed using body mass index (BMI) for age, and a validated questionnaire was applied to assess frequency and type of food purchases within the school environment. To determine associations, ANOVA and Chi-square tests were used, with statistical significance set at p < 0.05. Results: Among boys, 25.8% were overweight, 36.4% with obesity, and 8.6% severely with obesity; among girls, 34.9% were overweight, 30.5% with obesity, and 5.5% severely with obesity. The average snack expenditure was 642.7 ± 658 CLP (Approximately USD 0.67). Weekly purchase frequency was once in 29.5% and twice in 26.9% of cases (p < 0.001), with no differences across BMI categories (ANOVA p = 0.469). Food preferences were unhealthy snacks in 46.5% and healthy snacks in 24.0% of cases, with no association with nutritional status (χ2 = 6.073; df = 10; p = 0.728). Conclusion: Although no direct association was found between snack spending and nutritional status, high consumption of unhealthy foods reflects a persistent risk. The results highlight the importance of strengthening public and educational policies regarding school meals. A comprehensive approach is needed that combines regulation, nutrition education, and family involvement. This study provides novel evidence for the design of interventions in southern and isolated regions.

Introdution: The environment and the type of co-living of older people are crucial to understanding how the nature of their context influences a healthy lifestyle. However, no studies have investigated to what extent their type of co-living may be associated with the sports and the profile practice according to their age. Objective: This study aimed to assess the association between the types of co-living and the age of the physically active elderly and the sports they practice. Hypothesis: It is thought that the age, situation, and satisfaction with the way of living in physically active older people differ according to the type of sport they practice. Methods: Cross-sectional study. We included 358 individuals aged between 61 and 93 years old (M = 69.66, SD = 4.74). Type of co-living was classified as living alone or living with others. The sports activities evaluated were: gym, dance, water activities, and yoga/pilates. Differences in the type of co-living and sports practiced were evaluated by ANOVA or Chi2. Results: Among the elderly who practice gymnastics, most of them live alone and in a tight core (p < 0.001) (Phi = 0.244). Furthermore, those who practice aquatic activities are more frequently the youngest (p < 0.001) (Phi = 0.198). Conclusion: Older people who do gymnastics have smaller living groups, those under 69 opt for gymnastics and aquatic activities, while those aged 70 and over prefer dance, yoga, and pilates.

Background: Reduction in intrinsic foot muscle strength may impair physical performance and increase the risk of falls. Aim: The aim of this study is to analyze the relationship between hallux flexion strength, assessed through the PGT, for physical performance and fall risk in Chilean older adults. Methods: A cross-sectional, descriptive–correlational study was conducted with 188 community-dwelling older adults (89.3% women). Participants’ sociodemographic and anthropometric information was also collected. Hallux plantar flexion strength was assessed using the Paper Grip Test (PGT). Physical performance was evaluated with the Short Physical Performance Battery (SPPB), and fall risk was assessed using the Timed Up and Go (TUG) and Single-Leg Stance Test (SLS). Pearson’s correlation coefficients were calculated for the overall sample, as well as separately for sex. Results: Significant positive correlations were observed between PGT and the total SPPB score for both the right foot (r = 0.178; p = 0.008) and the left foot (r = 0.175; p = 0.009). Additionally, moderate correlations were found between PGT and SLS time (right r = 0.316; p < 0.001; left r = 0.397; p < 0.001), and an inverse correlation was observed between PGT and TUG execution time (right r = −0.372; p < 0.001; left r = −0.393; p < 0.001). Regression models showed that TUG and SLS significantly predicted PGT performance, explaining 17% (R2 = 0.17) and 20% (R2 = 0.20) of the variance for the right and left foot, respectively. Conclusions: Hallux plantar flexion strength is significantly associated with physical performance and fall risk. The simplicity, low cost, and clinical utility of the PGT support its use as a screening tool for early detection of functional decline.

Among adolescents, overweight, obesity and metabolic syndrome are rapidly increasing in recent years as a consequence of unhealthy palatable diets. Animal models of diet-induced obesity have been developed, but little is known about the behavioural patterns produced by the consumption of such diets. The aim of the present study was to determine the behavioural and biochemical effects of a cafeteria diet fed to juvenile male and female rats, as well as to evaluate the possible recovery from these effects by administering standard feeding during the last week of the study. Two groups of male and female rats were fed with either a standard chow diet (ST) or a cafeteria (CAF) diet from weaning and for 8 weeks. A third group of males (CAF withdrawal) was fed with the CAF diet for 7 weeks and the ST in the 8th week. Both males and females developed metabolic syndrome as a consequence of the CAF feeding, showing overweight, higher adiposity and liver weight, increased plasma levels of glucose, insulin and triglycerides, as well as insulin resistance, in comparison with their respective controls. The CAF diet reduced motor activity in all behavioural tests, enhanced exploration, reduced anxiety-like behaviour and increased social interaction; this last effect was more pronounced in females than in males. When compared to animals only fed with a CAF diet, CAF withdrawal increased anxiety in the open field, slightly decreased body weight, and completely recovered the liver weight, insulin sensitivity and the standard levels of glucose, insulin and triglycerides in plasma. In conclusion, a CAF diet fed to young animals for 8 weeks induced obesity and metabolic syndrome, and produced robust behavioural changes in young adult rats, whereas CAF withdrawal in the last week modestly increased anxiety, reversed the metabolic alterations and partially reduced overweight.

To investigate the association between a lifestyle score and all-cause mortality in the Chilean population. Prospective study. The score was based on seven modifiable behaviours: salt intake, fruit and vegetable intake, alcohol consumption, sleep duration, smoking, physical activity and sedentary behaviours. 1-point was assigned for each healthy recommendation. Points were summed to create an unweighted score from 0 (less healthy) to 7 (healthiest). According to their score, participants were then classified into: less healthy (0-2 points), moderately healthy (3-4 points) and the healthiest (5-7 points). Associations between the categories of lifestyle score and all-cause mortality were investigated using Cox proportional hazard models adjusted for confounders. Nonlinear associations were also investigated. 2706 participants from the Chilean National Health Survey 2009-2010. After a median follow-up of 10·9 years, 286 (10·6 %) participants died. In the maximally adjusted model, and compared with the healthiest participants, those less healthy had 2·55 (95 % CI 1·75, 3·71) times higher mortality risk due to any cause. Similar trends were identified for the moderately healthy group. Moreover, there was a significant trend towards increasing the mortality risk when increasing unhealthy behaviours (hazard ratio model 3: 1·61 (95 % CI 1·34, 1·94)). There was no evidence of nonlinearity between the lifestyle score and all-cause mortality. Individuals in the less healthy lifestyle category had higher mortality risk than the healthiest group. Therefore, public health strategies should be implemented to promote adherence to a healthy lifestyle across the Chilean population.

Background: The development of motor competencies in childhood can enhance the trajectory of physical activity throughout life. However, few studies have examined the effects of physical activity programs on motor competencies in schoolchildren with special educational needs. Aim: Our aim was to analyze the effects of a video-guided active break program on motor competencies in schoolchildren aged 6 to 10 years with special educational needs. Methods: A prespecified subanalysis of a multicenter randomized controlled trial was conducted with a sample of 161 schoolchildren (7.8 ± 1.1 years, 32% girls) with special educational needs from five public schools in Chile. Participants were assigned to a control group (CG, n = 85) with no active breaks or an experimental group (EG, n = 76) with active breaks. A 12-week video-guided active break program was implemented in the classroom twice daily, five days per week. The intervention was delivered via a web-based platform. Basic motor competencies were assessed using the MOBAK 1–2 and MOBAK 3–4 tests. Results: A significant time × group interaction was found for object control, F(1154) = 11.365, p < 0.001, η2p = 0.011; jumping, F(1154) = 11.047, p = 0.001, η2p = 0.067; and running, F(1154) = 4.881, p = 0.029, η2p = 0.031. These results indicate that the experimental group showed significantly greater improvements in object control, jumping, and running abilities compared to the control group. Conclusions: The active break program significantly improved motor skills in schoolchildren with special educational needs. The program proved to be both feasible and effective in enhancing students’ motor competencies. School-based guided active break programs may play a role in promoting motor competencies among schoolchildren with special educational needs. Clinical Trial ID NCT06423404