Explore the vast range of titles available.

A bstract We discuss the simplified likelihood framework as a systematic approximation scheme for experimental likelihoods such as those originating from LHC experiments. We develop the simplified likelihood from the Central Limit Theorem keeping the next-to-leading term in the large N expansion to correctly account for asymmetries. Moreover, we present an efficient method to compute the parameters of the simplified likelihood from Monte Carlo simulations. The approach is validated using a realistic LHC-like analysis, and the limits of the approximation are explored. Finally, we discuss how the simplified likelihood data can be conveniently released in the HepData error source format and automatically built from it, making this framework a convenient tool to transmit realistic experimental likelihoods to the community.

The recent direct detection of neutrinos at the LHC has opened a new window on high-energy particle physics and highlighted the potential of forward physics for groundbreaking discoveries. In the last year, the physics case for forward physics has continued to grow, and there has been extensive work on defining the Forward Physics Facility and its experiments to realize this physics potential in a timely and cost-effective manner. Following a 2-page Executive Summary, we first present the status of the FPF, beginning with the FPF’s unique potential to shed light on dark matter, new particles, neutrino physics, QCD, and astroparticle physics. We then summarize the current designs for the Facility and its experiments, FASER2, FASER ν 2, FORMOSA, and FLArE.

Along with the American Society of Composers, Authors and Publishers (ASCAP), the two performing rights organizations (PROs) have captured approximately 90% market share for musical composition public performance licensing.1 They are deemed \"natural monopolies\" and have been subjected to court issued consent decree regulation since 1941.2 The Department of Justice subjected the consent decrees to review in 2014 and 2019, but both reviews left the decrees in place.3 However, the efficacy of the decrees may be at issue again with BMFs October 2022 announcement that it was converting to a for-profit business model and the private equity firm New Mountain Capital acquiring a majority stake in BMI on November 21, 2023.4 This paper will analyze potential problems BMI may face as a for-profit, investor-owned entity under the consent decrees. Because BMI must return profits for investors alongside maintaining distributions for affiliates (music creators and publishers), the consent decree should be modified to allow for more robust negotiations between BMI and music users. [...]U.S. law should differentiate between PROs that operate as not-for-profit versus those that are for-profit akin to the European Union's distinction codified in EU Directive 2014/26/EU.5 Such changes should be implemented in American PRO regulation serving the interests of BMI as it seeks to increase profits for its investors while protecting the value of distributions to creators. Should revenue stagnate, there is a risk that BMI may pay out less in distributions to creators to make up the deficit. Since the announcement, BMI revenue has steadily increased. In 1941, Roosevelt's Department of Justice brought antitrust litigation against ASCAP arguing they were fixing supra-competitive prices and setting the terms on which they would enter into negotiations with radio stations.22 During the 1930s, as radio profits increased, ASCAP demanded a larger share of these profits for its composer members arguing radio depressed sales for physical copies of musical works and public performance royalties paid by broadcasters should make up the deficit.23 Broadcasters, in turn, complained of ASCAP's excessive charges, price-fixing, and negotiating tactics and responded by dropping ASCAP music from the airwaves and funding BMI to compete as an alternative licensing body.24 The DOJ filed against ASCAP and BMI under the Sherman Act25 and on January 27, 1941, BMI agreed to a settlement of the suit by consent decree with ASCAP's decree following closely behind.26 Under the current consent decrees, the PROs are required to 1) offer blanket licenses on a nondiscriminatory basis, 2) issue non-exclusive licenses on behalf of their composer members, and 3) accept all composers that request to join.27 A further mandate is that if the PROs and a potential licensee are unable to agree on a price for a license, the parties must submit to \"rate court\" to settle the terms.28 The standard for adjudicating a market rate for a blanket license is not specified, but under the Music Modernization Act, the PROs can use evidence of what a music service pays to other rights' holders as evidence of fair market value for public performance license.29 A further limitation imposed on BMI is a \"line-of business\" restriction that prohibits BMI from pursuing actions akin to a record label or a publisher.30 Because the major PROs must license on a nondiscriminatory basis to anyone who wishes to play their music and must submit to rate court in the event negotiations break down, the value of collective licenses for public performance music copyrights is arguably depressed. [...]though BMIs revenues have increased to record levels year-over-year, BMFs ability to negotiate ever-higher rates to return continued profits is heavily regulated.31 III.

The recent direct detection of neutrinos at the LHC has opened a new window on high-energy particle physics and highlighted the potential of forward physics for groundbreaking discoveries. In the last year, the physics case for forward physics has continued to grow, and there has been extensive work on defining the Forward Physics Facility and its experiments to realize this physics potential in a timely and cost-effective manner. Following a 2-page Executive Summary, we first present the status of the FPF, beginning with the FPF’s unique potential to shed light on dark matter, new particles, neutrino physics, QCD, and astroparticle physics. We then summarize the current designs for the Facility and its experiments, FASER2, FASER 2, FORMOSA, and FLArE.

Abstract We present a detailed description of the detector design for the SUB-Millicharge ExperimenT (SUBMET), developed to search for millicharged particles. The experiment probes a largely unexplored region of the charge–mass parameter space, focusing on particles with mass $m_\\chi < 1.6\\,\\rm {GeV}/c^2$ and electric charge $Q < 10^{-3}e$. The detector has been optimized to achieve high sensitivity to interactions of such particles while maintaining effective discrimination against background events. We provide a comprehensive overview of the key detector components, including scintillation modules, photomultiplier tubes, and the mechanical support structure. Furthermore, we present the results of weight and seismic analyses, which validate the structural integrity and operational safety of the detector under various conditions.

Abstract The SUB-Millicharge ExperimenT (SUBMET) investigates an unexplored parameter space of millicharged particles with mass $m_\\chi <$ 1.6 GeV/c$^2$ and charge $Q_\\chi < 10^{-3}e$. The detector consists of an Eljen-200 plastic scintillator coupled to a Hamamatsu Photonics R7725 photomultiplier tube (PMT). PMT afterpulses, delayed pulses produced after an energetic pulse, have been observed in the SUBMET readout system, especially following primary pulses with a large area. We present a prediction method for afterpulse rates based on measurable parameters, which reproduces the observed rate with approximately 20% precision. This approach enables a better understanding of afterpulse contributions and, consequently, improves the reliability of background predictions.

The search for BSM physics is one of the primary objectives of the LHC. This thesis describes the alphaT search for supersymmetry using a dataset of 12.9/fb collected during the 2016 proton-proton runs by the CMS detector. The search uses a final state containing significant hadronic activity in the form of jets, missing energy, and no leptons or photons. Dedicated dimensionless variables ensure that backgrounds with fake missing energy are mitigated. A detailed description is given of the selections used to mitigate backgrounds while maintaining acceptance to a wide range of signal models and of the techniques used to ensure a robust determination of the residual backgrounds and systematic uncertainties. No evidence for BSM physics is observed and simplified models are therefore used to interpret the results of the search. Stringent new limits are placed on a range of supersymmetric topologies and a procedure to allow the search to be re-interpreted for any BSM physics model is presented. Additionally, the upgrade of the Level-1 trigger jet and energy sum algorithm is studied. The upgraded trigger hardware is exploited to ensure effective performance in conditions exceeding the design specification of the LHC.

We present a detailed description of the detector design for the SUB-Millicharge ExperimenT (SUBMET), developed to search for millicharged particles. The experiment probes a largely unexplored region of the charge-mass parameter space, focusing on particles with mass \\(m_ < 1.6~GeV/c^2\\) and electric charge \\(Q < 10^-3e\\). The detector has been optimized to achieve high sensitivity to interactions of such particles while maintaining effective discrimination against background events. We provide a comprehensive overview of the key detector components, including scintillation modules, photomultiplier tubes, and the mechanical support structure.

The recent direct detection of neutrinos at the LHC has opened a new window on high-energy particle physics and highlighted the potential of forward physics for groundbreaking discoveries. In the last year, the physics case for forward physics has continued to grow, and there has been extensive work on defining the Forward Physics Facility and its experiments to realize this physics potential in a timely and cost-effective manner. Following a 2-page Executive Summary, we present the status of the FPF, beginning with the FPF's unique potential to shed light on dark matter, new particles, neutrino physics, QCD, and astroparticle physics. We summarize the current designs for the Facility and its experiments, FASER2, FASER\\(\\)2, FORMOSA, and FLArE, and conclude by discussing international partnerships and organization, and the FPF's schedule, budget, and technical coordination.

We conduct a dedicated study of searches for millicharged particles (mCPs) utilizing scintillator-based detectors at high-intensity fixed-target experiments, with particular focus on the SpinQuest and forthcoming Search for Hidden Particles experiment (SHiP) facilities. The analysis incorporates the three primary production mechanisms: meson decays, Drell-Yan processes, and proton bremsstrahlung. In particular, our updated analysis reveals that proton bremsstrahlung dominates the production rate in the sub-GeV mass regime. Detailed detector simulations and background evaluations are performed to obtain realistic sensitivity estimates. Our results demonstrate that future experiments located in the SpinQuest and SHiP facilities can achieve substantial improvements in discovery potential, enhancing sensitivity to the mCP charge parameter \\(=q_/e\\) (with \\(q_\\) denoting the mCP electric charge) by up to two orders of magnitude relative to existing limits.