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"Clark, Benjamin"
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The next red wave : how conservatives can beat leftist aggression, RINO betrayal & deep state subversion
\"Popular radio host and conservative legal and political commentator Jordan Sekulow offers an action plan that will bring real change to government and help secure the future of our nation. The next red wave is coming: November 3, 2020. We face battles on many fronts. The Deep State bureaucracy will stop at nothing to undermine the conservative agenda, even when that's the agenda chosen by the American voter. The liberal bureaucracy will continue to work alongside former liberal government officials from, yes, the Obama Administration and Team Clinton. In this election, the Left's prized goal - exclusively - will be defeating President Donald Trump by whatever means necessary. A red wave that surpasses the turnout and figures of the historic 2016 election will be the only way to win. Our opponents won't be caught off guard by President Trump again. I promise you, the DNC and liberal activists organizations began working on plans to defeat President Trump in 2020 before he was even inaugurated in 2017. In fact, we have evidence of FBI officials attempting to undermine President Trump as he was preparing to take the Oath of Office. So-called \"progressives\" and the radical Left relentlessly force their liberal agenda on the American people. Even when Republican majorities control both houses of Congress, the deck can feel stacked against us. The confirmation hearings for Justice Kavanaugh are a good reminder about the chaos liberals can cause even when they are in the minority. Now, Democrats control the House of Representatives while Republicans maintain control of the U.S. Senate. We deserve better. All Americans deserve better. We deserve politicians who keep their promises. The only way to force action and hold our elected officials accountable is to know the issues and engage the political process. But it's more than just fulfilling our civic duty at the ballot box. It's being actively engaged in public discourse in between elections. Battles - important battles - are won far more often in the court of public opinion than in any federal courtroom. These battles affect our lives every single day. It's time to fight back and come together to generate the next red wave. We can't wait another moment. Now is the time to do it. It really is up to us. The clock is ticking.\" -- Provided by publisher.
Book
Bacterial Alkyl-4-quinolones: Discovery, Structural Diversity and Biological Properties
The alkyl-4-quinolones (AQs) are a class of metabolites produced primarily by members of the Pseudomonas and Burkholderia genera, consisting of a 4-quinolone core substituted by a range of pendant groups, most commonly at the C-2 position. The history of this class of compounds dates back to the 1940s, when a range of alkylquinolones with notable antibiotic properties were first isolated from Pseudomonas aeruginosa. More recently, it was discovered that an alkylquinolone derivative, the Pseudomonas Quinolone Signal (PQS) plays a key role in bacterial communication and quorum sensing in Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Many of the best-studied examples contain simple hydrocarbon side-chains, but more recent studies have revealed a wide range of structurally diverse examples from multiple bacterial genera, including those with aromatic, isoprenoid, or sulfur-containing side-chains. In addition to their well-known antimicrobial properties, alkylquinolones have been reported with antimalarial, antifungal, antialgal, and antioxidant properties. Here we review the structural diversity and biological activity of these intriguing metabolites.
Journal Article
My beloved man : the letters of Benjamin Britten and Peter Pears
It's a life of the two of us.' This volume comprises the complete surviving correspondence between Benjamin Britten and Peter Pears. The 365 letters written throughout their 39-year relationship are here brought together and published, as Pears intended, for the first time. While the correspondence provides valuable evidence of the development of Britten's works, more significant is the insight into his relationship with Pears and their day-to-day life together. Entertaining to read, domestic and intimate, the letters provide glimpses of cultural and artistic life in the twentieth century, including pacifism and conscientious objection, critical assessments of music and other artists, transport and communications development in the twentieth century, the 'Aldeburgh corpses', art collecting, gossip, everyday life in an English country house, the development of the Aldeburgh Festival, performance practice in early music, looking after dachshunds, travel, and a host of other topics. Above all, when read together, Britten and Pears's letters allow the clearest possible look 'behind the scenes' of one of the most productive creative partnerships of the twentieth century.
Book
Disruption of the head direction cell network impairs the parahippocampal grid cell signal
Navigation depends on multiple neural systems that encode the moment-to-moment changes in an animal's direction and location in space. These include head direction (HD) cells representing the orientation of the head and grid cells that fire at multiple locations, forming a repeating hexagonal grid pattern. Computational models hypothesize that generation of the grid cell signal relies upon HD information that ascends to the hippocampal network via the anterior thalamic nuclei (ATN). We inactivated or lesioned the ATN and subsequently recorded single units in the entorhinal cortex and parasubiculum. ATN manipulation significantly disrupted grid and HD cell characteristics while sparing theta rhythmicity in these regions.These results indicate that the HD signal via the ATN is necessary for the generation and function of grid cell activity.
Journal Article
The Neuroscience of Spatial Navigation and the Relationship to Artificial Intelligence
Recent advances in artificial intelligence (AI) and neuroscience are impressive. In AI, this includes the development of computer programs that can beat a grandmaster at GO or outperform human radiologists at cancer detection. A great deal of these technological developments are directly related to progress in artificial neural networks-initially inspired by our knowledge about how the brain carries out computation. In parallel, neuroscience has also experienced significant advances in understanding the brain. For example, in the field of spatial navigation, knowledge about the mechanisms and brain regions involved in neural computations of cognitive maps-an internal representation of space-recently received the Nobel Prize in medicine. Much of the recent progress in neuroscience has partly been due to the development of technology used to record from very large populations of neurons in multiple regions of the brain with exquisite temporal and spatial resolution in behaving animals. With the advent of the vast quantities of data that these techniques allow us to collect there has been an increased interest in the intersection between AI and neuroscience, many of these intersections involve using AI as a novel tool to explore and analyze these large data sets. However, given the common initial motivation point-to understand the brain-these disciplines could be more strongly linked. Currently much of this potential synergy is not being realized. We propose that spatial navigation is an excellent area in which these two disciplines can converge to help advance what we know about the brain. In this review, we first summarize progress in the neuroscience of spatial navigation and reinforcement learning. We then turn our attention to discuss how spatial navigation has been modeled using descriptive, mechanistic, and normative approaches and the use of AI in such models. Next, we discuss how AI can advance neuroscience, how neuroscience can advance AI, and the limitations of these approaches. We finally conclude by highlighting promising lines of research in which spatial navigation can be the point of intersection between neuroscience and AI and how this can contribute to the advancement of the understanding of intelligent behavior.
Journal Article
Progressive impairment of directional and spatially precise trajectories by TgF344-Alzheimer’s disease rats in the Morris Water Task
Spatial navigation is impaired in early stages of Alzheimer’s disease, and may be a defining behavioral marker of preclinical AD. A new rat model (TgF344-AD) of AD overcomes many limitations of other rodent models, though spatial navigation has not been comprehensively assessed. Using the hidden and cued platform variants of the Morris water task, a longitudinal assessment of spatial navigation was conducted on TgF344-AD (n = 16) and Fischer 344 (n = 12) male and female rats at three age ranges: 4 to 5 months, 7 to 8, and 10 to 11 months of age. TgF344-AD rats exhibited largely intact navigation at 4–5 months, with deficits in the hidden platform task emerging at 7–8 months and becoming significantly pronounced at 10–11 months of age. In general, TgF344-AD rats displayed less accurate swim trajectories to the platform and searched a wider area around the platform region compared to wildtype rats. Impaired navigation occurred in the absence of deficits in acquiring the procedural task demands or navigation to the cued platform location. Together, the results indicate that TgF344-AD rats exhibit comparable navigational deficits to those found in individuals with preclinical-AD.
Journal Article
Bioactive Compounds Isolated from Marine-Derived Microbes in China: 2009–2018
This review outlines the research that was carried out regarding the isolation of bioactive compounds from marine-derived bacteria and fungi by China-based research groups from 2009–2018, with 897 publications being surveyed. Endophytic organisms featured heavily, with endophytes from mangroves, marine invertebrates, and marine algae making up more than 60% of the microbial strains investigated. There was also a strong focus on fungi as a source of active compounds, with 80% of publications focusing on this area. The rapid increase in the number of publications in the field is perhaps most notable, which have increased more than sevenfold over the past decade, and suggests that China-based researchers will play a major role in marine microbial natural products drug discovery in years to come.
Journal Article
Coproduction of Government Services and the New Information Technology: Investigating the Distributional Biases
This article investigates how communications advances affect citizens' ability to participate in coproduction of government services. The authors analyze service requests made to the City of Boston during a one-year period from 2010 to 2011 and, using geospatial analysis and negative binomial regression, investigate possible disparities by race, education, and income in making service requests. The findings reveal little concern that 311 systems (non-emergency call centers) may benefit one racial group over another; however, there is some indication that Hispanics may use these systems less as requests move from call centers to the Internet and smartphones. Consistent with prior research, the findings show that poorer neighborhoods are less likely to take advantage of 311 service, with the notable exception of smartphone utilization. The implications for citizen participation in coproduction and bridging the digital divide are discussed.
Journal Article
THE IMPACTS OF AUTONOMOUS VEHICLES ON LOCAL GOVERNMENT BUDGETING AND FINANCE
Recent research on autonomous vehicles (AVs) shows a substantive dive into the technical aspects of AVs, but our understanding of the secondary effects of AVs is minimal in comparison. This article offers a look at how automation of one of the cornerstones of many municipal governments — solid waste collection — could be altered with the advent of AVs. In this article, full-cost accounting is used to assess how changing different inputs to the collection process, including direct, indirect, and capital costs, could yield savings for a municipal government. To conduct the analysis, data from the North Carolina Benchmarking Project for 2016–17 were evaluated, a range of assumptions were made based on the best available information on automation, and three cost scenarios were calculated for two North Carolina cities with differing means of collection today. The findings indicate savings in the long run that could potentially reduce the cost of collecting solid waste by 32–63 percent.
Journal Article
Vestibular and attractor network basis of the head direction cell signal in subcortical circuits
Accurate navigation depends on a network of neural systems that encode the moment-to-moment changes in an animal's directional orientation and location in space. Within this navigation system are head direction (HD) cells, which fire persistently when an animal's head is pointed in a particular direction (Sharp et al., 2001a; Taube, 2007). HD cells are widely thought to underlie an animal's sense of spatial orientation, and research over the last 25+ years has revealed that this robust spatial signal is widely distributed across subcortical and cortical limbic areas. The purpose of the present review is to summarize some of the recent studies arguing that the origin of the HD signal resides subcortically, specifically within the reciprocal connections of the dorsal tegmental and lateral mammillary nuclei. Furthermore, we review recent work identifying \"bursting\" cellular activity in the HD cell circuit after lesions of the vestibular system, and relate these observations to the long held view that attractor network mechanisms underlie HD signal generation. Finally, we summarize anatomical and physiological work suggesting that this attractor network architecture may reside within the tegmento-mammillary circuit.
Journal Article