Catalogue Search | MBRL
Are you sure you want to remove the book from the shelf?
{{itemTitle}}
2,128
result(s) for
"Clark, Jonathan"
Sort by:
Canine : Pre-training an Efficient Tokenization-Free Encoder for Language Representation
Pipelined NLP systems have largely been superseded by end-to-end neural modeling, yet nearly all commonly used models still require an explicit tokenization step. While recent tokenization approaches based on data-derived subword lexicons are less brittle than manually engineered tokenizers, these techniques are not equally suited to all languages, and the use of any fixed vocabulary may limit a model’s ability to adapt. In this paper, we present
, a neural encoder that operates directly on character sequences—without explicit tokenization or vocabulary—and a pre-training strategy that operates either directly on characters or optionally uses subwords as a soft inductive bias. To use its finer-grained input effectively and efficiently,
combines downsampling, which reduces the input sequence length, with a deep transformer stack, which encodes context.
outperforms a comparable m
model by 5.7 F1 on
, a challenging multilingual benchmark, despite having fewer model parameters.
Journal Article
Together forever
\"A new team of Titans is forged when old friends must reunite to uncover a new mystery that threatens the lives of all Titans past and present! Since the debut of Robin, young heroes across the globe have banded together under the banner of the Teen Titans! But what happens when the Titans are teens no more? Anyone who has ever been a Titan is being hunted down and killed. Can the one-time Titans team of Nightwing, Beast Boy, Raven, Cyborg, Starfire, Red Arrow and Donna Troy survive long enough to discover the identity of their mysterious foe?\"-- Provided by publisher.
BOOK
TyDi QA: A Benchmark for Information-Seeking Question Answering in Typologically Diverse Languages
Confidently making progress on multilingual modeling requires challenging, trustworthy evaluations. We present TyDi QA—a question answering dataset covering 11 typologically diverse languages with 204K question-answer pairs. The languages of TyDi QA are diverse with regard to their typology—the set of linguistic features each language expresses—such that we expect models performing well on this set to generalize across a large number of the world’s languages. We present a quantitative analysis of the data quality and example-level qualitative linguistic analyses of observed language phenomena that would not be found in English-only corpora. To provide a realistic information-seeking task and avoid priming effects, questions are written by people who want to know the answer, but don’t know the answer yet, and the data is collected directly in each language without the use of translation.
Journal Article
Eilean Donan Castle
Now hard to believe, Eilean Donan Castle was once one of the largest castles in the west Highlands, known to have featured seven towers, the remains of which lie buried on the island. This book provides a refreshed view of the lost medieval guise of the castle, of its 13th-century origins and form, and of who was responsible for building it, allowing the castle to be positioned accurately in the complex dynamics of powerholding and display of the earls of Ross and associated militarized kindreds of the west Highlands during six centuries of change up to the castle’s destruction in 1719.A new history and the details of the below-ground archaeology allow us to see the lost medieval castle in our mind’s eye 500 years after it vanished. Focusing on the huge amount of archaeological material unearthed during the campaign shows the castle hosted master craftspeople including goldsmiths, shipwrights and hereditary swordsmiths. Exquisite personal items, decorative mail armor and weapons, musical instruments, gaming pieces, imported pottery and animal bones bring the castle and its inhabitants back to life.
eBook
Discretionary Task Ordering: Queue Management in Radiological Services
Work scheduling research typically prescribes task sequences implemented by managers. Yet employees often have discretion to deviate from their prescribed sequence. Using data from 2.4 million radiological diagnoses, we find that doctors prioritize similar tasks (batching) and those tasks they expect to complete faster (shortest expected processing time). Moreover, they exercise more discretion as they accumulate experience. Exploiting random assignment of tasks to doctors’ queues, instrumental variable models reveal that these deviations erode productivity. This productivity decline lessens as doctors learn from experience. Prioritizing the shortest tasks is particularly detrimental to productivity. Actively grouping similar tasks also reduces productivity, in stark contrast to productivity gains from exogenous grouping, indicating deviation costs outweigh benefits from repetition. By analyzing task completion times, our work highlights the trade-offs between the time required to exercise discretion and the potential gains from doing so, which has implications for how discretion over scheduling should be delegated.
The online appendix is available at
https://doi.org/10.1287/mnsc.2017.2810
.
This paper was accepted by Serguei Netessine, operations management.
Journal Article
A review of clinical and molecular prognostic factors in osteosarcoma
Traditional prognostic determinants in osteosarcoma have included demographics (age, sex), tumour size, site, stage, and the response to chemotherapy. Many of these are determined using varying techniques and units of measurement, which can make comparison between studies difficult. The absence of survival difference between limb sparing surgery and amputation has been repeatedly demonstrated in primary disease, and even in the setting of pathological fracture. On the other hand, there is still some controversy over the existence of increased local recurrence for limb-sparing surgery, and the implications of this. Commonly used prognostic determinants such as metastases, and response to chemotherapy enable a high degree of prognostic accuracy but usually at a late stage in the course of disease. Leading on from this, there is a need to uncover molecular pathways with specific influence over osteosarcoma progression to facilitate earlier treatment changes. Some important pathways are already being defined, for example the association of CXCR4 with metastases on presentation, the likelihood of doxorubicin resistance with positive P-glycoprotein, and the reduced survival prediction of over expressed survivin. It is anticipated that the future of osteosarcoma treatment will involve treatment tailored to the molecular profile of tumours at diagnosis, adjuvant therapy directed towards dysfunctional molecular pathways rather than the use of cytotoxics, and a more standardised approach to the measurement of clinical prognostic factors.
Journal Article
Longitudinal single-cell RNA sequencing of patient-derived primary cells reveals drug-induced infidelity in stem cell hierarchy
Chemo-resistance is one of the major causes of cancer-related deaths. Here we used single-cell transcriptomics to investigate divergent modes of chemo-resistance in tumor cells. We observed that higher degree of phenotypic intra-tumor heterogeneity (ITH) favors selection of pre-existing drug-resistant cells, whereas phenotypically homogeneous cells engage covert epigenetic mechanisms to trans-differentiate under drug-selection. This adaptation was driven by selection-induced gain of H3K27ac marks on bivalently poised resistance-associated chromatin, and therefore not expressed in the treatment-naïve setting. Mechanistic interrogation of this phenomenon revealed that drug-induced adaptation was acquired upon the loss of stem factor
SOX2
, and a concomitant gain of
SOX9
. Strikingly we observed an enrichment of SOX9 at drug-induced H3K27ac sites, suggesting that tumor evolution could be driven by stem cell-switch-mediated epigenetic plasticity. Importantly, JQ1 mediated inhibition of
BRD4
could reverse drug-induced adaptation. These results provide mechanistic insights into the modes of therapy-induced cellular plasticity and underscore the use of epigenetic inhibitors in targeting tumor evolution.
Drug resistance is one of the major causes of cancer-related deaths. Here, the authors using single cell RNA-seq of oral squamous cell carcinoma patient samples pre- and post-cisplatin treatment show that phenotypically homogenous cell populations display cell state plasticity, with poised chromatin marks at mesenchymal genes in epithelial cells, and that the loss of stem factor Sox2 but gain of Sox9 expression (with de novo gain of H3K27ac sites) is associated with drug-induced adaptation.
Journal Article
Olfactory Mechanisms for Discovery of Odorants to Reduce Insect-Host Contact
Insects have developed highly sophisticated and sensitive olfactory systems to find animal or plant hosts for feeding. Some insects vector pathogens that cause diseases in hundreds of millions of people and destroy billions of dollars of food products every year. There is great interest, therefore, in understanding how the insect olfactory system can be manipulated to reduce their contact with hosts. Here, we review recent advances in our understanding of insect olfactory detection mechanisms, which may serve as a foundation for designing insect control programs based on manipulation of their behaviors by using odorants. Because every insect species has a unique set of olfactory receptors and olfactory-mediated behaviors, we focus primarily on general principles of odor detection that potentially apply to most insects. While these mechanisms have emerged from studies on model systems for study of insect olfaction, such as
Drosophila melanogaster
, they provide a foundation for discovery of odorants to repel vector insects or reduce their host-seeking behavior
.
Journal Article
Broadening Focus: Spillovers, Complementarities, and Specialization in the Hospital Industry
The long-standing argument that focused operations outperform others stands in contrast to claims about the benefits of broader operational scope. The performance benefits of focus are typically attributed to reduced complexity, lower uncertainty, and the development of specialized expertise; the benefits of greater breadth are linked to the economies of scope achieved by sharing common resources, such as advertising or production capacity, across activities. Within the literature on corporate strategy, this tension between focus and breadth is reconciled by the concept of related diversification (i.e., a firm with multiple operating units, each specializing in distinct but related activities). We consider whether there are similar benefits to related diversification
within
an operating unit and examine the mechanism that generates these benefits. Using the empirical context of cardiovascular care within hospitals, we first examine the relationship between a hospital's level of specialization in cardiovascular care and the quality of its clinical performance on cardiovascular patients. We find that, on average, focus has a positive effect on quality performance. We then distinguish between
positive spillovers
and
complementarities
to examine (1) the extent to which a hospital's specialization in areas related to cardiovascular care directly impacts performance on cardiovascular patients (positive spillovers) and (2) whether the marginal benefit of a hospital's focus in cardiovascular care depends on the degree to which the hospital \"cospecializes\" in related areas (complementarities). In our setting, we find evidence of such complementarities in specialization.
This paper was accepted by Christian Terwiesch, operations management.
Journal Article