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This study examined the effects of a giant (4×3 m) exercising board game intervention on ambulatory physical activity (PA) and a broader array of physical and psychological outcomes among nursing home residents. A quasi-experimental longitudinal study was carried out in two comparable nursing homes. Ten participants (aged 82.5±6.3 and comprising 6 women) meeting the inclusion criteria took part in the 1-month intervention in one nursing home, whereas 11 participants (aged 89.9±3.1 with 8 women) were assigned to the control group in the other nursing home. The giant exercising board game required participants to per-form strength, flexibility, balance and endurance activities. The assistance provided by an exercising specialist decreased gradually during the intervention in an autonomy-oriented approach based on the self-determination theory. The following were assessed at baseline, after the intervention and after a follow-up period of 3 months: PA (steps/day and energy expenditure/day with ActiGraph), cognitive status (mini mental state examination), quality of life (EuroQol 5-dimensions), motivation for PA (Behavioral Regulation in Exercise Questionnaire-2), gait and balance (Tinetti and Short Physical Performance Battery), functional mobility (timed up and go), and the muscular isometric strength of the lower limb muscles. In the intervention group, PA increased from 2,921 steps/day at baseline to 3,358 steps/day after the intervention (+14.9%, =0.04) and 4,083 steps/day (+39.8%, =0.03) after 3 months. Energy expenditure/day also increased after the intervention (+110 kcal/day, +6.3%, =0.01) and after 3 months (+219 kcal/day, +12.3%, =0.02). Quality of life ( <0.05), balance and gait ( <0.05), and strength of the ankle ( <0.05) were also improved after 3 months. Such improvements were not observed in the control group. The preliminary results are promising but further investigation is required to confirm and evaluate the long-term effectiveness of PA interventions in nursing homes.

Since physical education (PE) became a compulsory school subject, its objectives have often been related to the expectations of society. Since the turn of the new millennium, this has resulted in PE being increasingly linked to the promotion of physically active lifestyles. In this paper, we try to determine whether practitioners have the capacity to reach recent objectives for the subject or should reconsider their work on this issue. Moreover, we propose to extend the current focus on physical literacy to encompass the concept of societal transfer, underlining the need for an authentic pedagogy of PE.Resumen. Dado que la educación física (PE) se convirtió en una asignatura escolar obligatoria, sus objetivos han estado a menudo relacionados con las expectativas de la sociedad. Desde el cambio del nuevo milenio, esto ha dado lugar a que la Educación Física esté cada vez más vinculada a la promoción de estilos de vida físicamente activos. En este trabajo, tratamos de determinar si los profesionales tienen la capacidad de alcanzar los objetivos recientes para el tema o deben reconsiderar su trabajo en este tema. Además, proponemos ampliar el enfoque actual de la alfabetización física para abarcar el concepto de transferencia de la sociedad, subrayando la necesidad de una auténtica pedagogía de la educación física.

Background If children are encouraged early in childhood to engage in a physically active lifestyle and if they are used to practice physical activity (PA) as children, they are likely to be more active as they grow up (Telama et al., 2014). Nevertheless, in Belgium, only 2% of children 6 to 9 years of age are able to reach PA international recommendations (Wijtzes et al., 2016). Fortunately, holistic school-focused initiatives can raise children's level of physical activity (Heath et al., 2012). Accordingly, the aim of the study was to scrutinise the influence of an innovative pedagogical approach on self-reported PA and lifestyle habits among elementary school children. Methods 176 pupils (11-13) and 5 physical education (PE) teachers were recruited in the area of Liege. Those pupils took part in a 10 weeks intervention including one weekly session of PE. PE lessons are original since they combine High Intensity Interval Training (HIIT), dramatization and health education. Assessments were performed before (T0), during (process analysis) and after the intervention (T1). Childrens' levels of PA were assessed with the PAQ-C, as their food habits were assessed with the Adolescent food habits Checklist. Children were also invited, before each session, to notify and share their good practices related to the health education activities proposed during the lesson. Results Results exposed significant improvements in self-reported PA (3,09 to 3,26 scores; p > 0,000). As we sort out results by gender, we noticed higher improvements among girls. In contrast, we observed a slight and non-significant decrease in children's food habits (13,88 to 13,55 scores; p = 0,24). On over 400 good practices collected, half were related to physical activity and hydration. By involving physical and psychosocial objectives, the study is expected to provide a deeper understanding of the impact of this teaching method on children. Conclusion As Oblomov pedagogy seems to have the potential to generate health basic knowledge as well as pleasure of being physically active, it could be extended to other various settings such as obesity prevention. This method will also be shared with PE teachers in Belgium, as part of the PE curriculum reform in Belgium.

Abstract Background If children are encouraged early in childhood to engage in a physically active lifestyle and if they are used to practice physical activity (PA) as children, they are likely to be more active as they grow up (Telama et al., 2014). Nevertheless, in Belgium, only 2% of children 6 to 9 years of age are able to reach PA international recommendations (Wijtzes et al., 2016). Fortunately, holistic school-focused initiatives can raise children's level of physical activity (Heath et al., 2012). Accordingly, the aim of the study was to scrutinise the influence of an innovative pedagogical approach on self-reported PA and lifestyle habits among elementary school children. Methods 176 pupils (11-13) and 5 physical education (PE) teachers were recruited in the area of Liege. Those pupils took part in a 10 weeks intervention including one weekly session of PE. PE lessons are original since they combine High Intensity Interval Training (HIIT), dramatization and health education. Assessments were performed before (T0), during (process analysis) and after the intervention (T1). Childrens' levels of PA were assessed with the PAQ-C, as their food habits were assessed with the Adolescent food habits Checklist. Children were also invited, before each session, to notify and share their good practices related to the health education activities proposed during the lesson. Results Results exposed significant improvements in self-reported PA (3,09 to 3,26 scores; p > 0,000). As we sort out results by gender, we noticed higher improvements among girls. In contrast, we observed a slight and non-significant decrease in children's food habits (13,88 to 13,55 scores; p = 0,24). On over 400 good practices collected, half were related to physical activity and hydration. By involving physical and psychosocial objectives, the study is expected to provide a deeper understanding of the impact of this teaching method on children. Conclusion As Oblomov pedagogy seems to have the potential to generate health basic knowledge as well as pleasure of being physically active, it could be extended to other various settings such as obesity prevention. This method will also be shared with PE teachers in Belgium, as part of the PE curriculum reform in Belgium.

Background Literature suggests that health professionals (HPs) can play an important role in promoting physical activity (PA) in cancer patients (Jones et al., 2004). This study had three purposes: (1) analyzing HPs' knowledge and opinion about PA for cancer patients; (2) examining practices, barriers and roles that they identify when considering PA promotion in their patients; (3) determining factors that may enhance practices in this field. Methods This study was designed in two phases and took place in Wallonia, Belgium. The first phase was qualitative: 12 HPs were interviewed about their experiences with PA in cancer patients. Then, in the second (and quantitative) phase, an online survey was created based upon the results of the first phase and upon the relevant literature. We sent this second-phase survey to professional organizations, hospitals and medical health centers and received 68 responses. Results In both phases of the study, HPs seemed to be aware of the benefits of PA for cancer patients and considered that they have to play a role in promoting PA in that specific population. However, only 25% (n = 17) of HPs were familiar with the official PA guidelines. According to our results, HPs discuss the topic of PA with more than 7 out of 10 patients (7.11 ± 2.61). Lack of time and lack of knowledge about PA were identified as barriers to PA promotion. Finally, other relationships that may help to explain the role of HPs in PA promotion were uncovered: clinicians who used more information (e.g. PA benefits) (p = >0.001), exercised referrals (p = 0.012), and prescribed PA (p = 0.007) had higher intervention rates. Conclusions Our findings suggest that improving HPs' knowledge about PA guidelines and how it can be proposed to cancer patients could help them to promote PA and to encourage their patients to consult a PA specialist, and eventually adopt a physically active lifestyle.

With more social support and environmentcentered interventions being recommended in web-based interventions, this study examined the efficacy of three intervention conditions aimed at promoting physical activity (PA) in older adults. The efficacy analyses included the self-reported PA level, stage of change for PA and awareness about PA among participants. Eligible participants (N = 149; M = 65 years old, SD = 6), recruited in a unique Belgian French-speaking municipality, were randomized in four research arms for a 3-month intervention: (i) web-based; (ii) center-based; (iii) mixed (combination of web-and center-based); and (iv) control (no intervention). Web-based condition included a PA website and monthly tailored emails whereas center-based condition comprised 12 sessions (1 per week) of group exercising. With a significant increase in PA, the PA stage of change and the PA awareness at 12 months, the mixed intervention condition seemed to include the key social and motivating elements for sustainable behavior change. Center-based intervention was more likely to produce significant improvements of the PA level and the stage of change for PA change whereas web-based intervention was more likely to extend the awareness about PA.

Regular physical activity is associated with a wide range of health benefits. As population age, promotion of physical activity should specifically target older adults, an expanding group involving potential higher health care costs in the near future. Innovative interventions focusing on physical activity behaviors of senior adults exposed promising results, most recently through the use of the Internet. If seniors and Internet are generally considered as two opposite concepts, arguments in favour of bringing them together in a public health perspective have been identified by the recent literature. Older adults are the fastest growing group of Internet users and are more prone than younger to use it for health-related subjects. Web-based interventions are effective in many health promotion sectors, including physical activity. This is particularly true when interventions target the environmental determinants of each senior citizen and are specifically designed for this population. Those early research findings must clearly be extended, particularly regarding to the long term effects of Web-based physical activity interventions. Solutions that will reduce the high dropout rate recorded in the existing literature must also be considered as a priority in order to ensure the development of this forward-looking field of research.

Background Physical activity (PA) prescription has the potential to be an important therapeutic agent for all ages in primary, secondary and tertiary prevention of chronic disease (Thornton et al., 2016). However, physicians report that they do not deliver PA counselling because of limitations in time, knowledge, confidence, and practical tools (Meriwether, Lee, Lafleur, & Wiseman, 2008). Physical educators have the required skills to address those issues in encouraging patients to adopt an active lifestyle that will reduce the incidence of their chronic conditions. In Belgium, physical activity prescription initiatives are emerging: this study aimed at monitoring one of these to ensure the development of evidence-based intervention relying on HEPA best practices. Methods With a PA prescription from their doctor, patients with chronic cardiac, neurological, metabolic, oncologic or spinal disease took part to a 6-month intervention supervised by physical educators in a Belgian municipality. The program was composed of weekly sessions of physical exercise focusing on the 4 dimensions of physical fitness according to international recommendations (ACSM, 2016). Monthly motivational sessions were also organized to promote active lifestyle. Monthly assessments included PA level (Ricci & Gagnon,2011), SF-36 (Ware & Sherbourne, 1992), and Senior Fitness Test (Rikli & Jones, 2001). Results Preliminary results after one month intervention on 19 patients (68.6 ± 10.8 years) with chronic cardiac (n = 11), neurological (n = 2), metabolic (n = 1), oncological (n = 4) or spinal (n = 1) disease exposed significant improvements of their lower (p = 0.03) and upper (p = 0.01) body strength, and aerobic endurance (p = 0.17). No significant changes were observed for physical activity level and SF-36 scores. Further results will provide information about the impact of motivational sessions on the adoption of an active lifestyle. Conclusions Physical activity prescription supervised by physical educators has the potential to bridge the missing link between hospital revalidation performed by health care professionals and autonomous physical activity. If outcomes are favourable, it could provide an advocacy to inspire key decision makers and policies to ameliorate chronic diseases care involving physical educators. Future local interventions should therefore rely on existing guidelines (Inserm, 2019) and support the development of this specific HEPA environment.

Abstract Background Physical activity (PA) prescription has the potential to be an important therapeutic agent for all ages in primary, secondary and tertiary prevention of chronic disease (Thornton et al., 2016). However, physicians report that they do not deliver PA counselling because of limitations in time, knowledge, confidence, and practical tools (Meriwether, Lee, Lafleur, & Wiseman, 2008). Physical educators have the required skills to address those issues in encouraging patients to adopt an active lifestyle that will reduce the incidence of their chronic conditions. In Belgium, physical activity prescription initiatives are emerging: this study aimed at monitoring one of these to ensure the development of evidence-based intervention relying on HEPA best practices. Methods With a PA prescription from their doctor, patients with chronic cardiac, neurological, metabolic, oncologic or spinal disease took part to a 6-month intervention supervised by physical educators in a Belgian municipality. The program was composed of weekly sessions of physical exercise focusing on the 4 dimensions of physical fitness according to international recommendations (ACSM, 2016). Monthly motivational sessions were also organized to promote active lifestyle. Monthly assessments included PA level (Ricci & Gagnon,2011), SF-36 (Ware & Sherbourne, 1992), and Senior Fitness Test (Rikli & Jones, 2001). Results Preliminary results after one month intervention on 19 patients (68.6 ± 10.8 years) with chronic cardiac (n = 11), neurological (n = 2), metabolic (n = 1), oncological (n = 4) or spinal (n = 1) disease exposed significant improvements of their lower (p = 0.03) and upper (p = 0.01) body strength, and aerobic endurance (p = 0.17). No significant changes were observed for physical activity level and SF-36 scores. Further results will provide information about the impact of motivational sessions on the adoption of an active lifestyle. Conclusions Physical activity prescription supervised by physical educators has the potential to bridge the missing link between hospital revalidation performed by health care professionals and autonomous physical activity. If outcomes are favourable, it could provide an advocacy to inspire key decision makers and policies to ameliorate chronic diseases care involving physical educators. Future local interventions should therefore rely on existing guidelines (Inserm, 2019) and support the development of this specific HEPA environment.

The promotion of physical activity (PA) is widely recognized as a major component of the prevention and management of several chronic diseases. As experts in human movement, physical therapists (PTs) are logical agents for the promotion of PA. Nevertheless, to date only few studies have investigated factors that influence PA promotion. This study aimed to analyze the relationships between physical therapist knowledge, attitudes, and beliefs about PA, and their own self-reported PA promotion. A sample of 185 PTs (male = 102) completed a cross-sectional survey through an online questionnaire. It included 25 multiple choice, Likert scale, and open-ended questions related to (1) personal characteristics, (2) knowledge, attitudes, and beliefs about PA, and (3) self-reported PA promotion by PTs. A deductive and inductive content analysis of the open-ended questions was also performed. The questionnaire revealed that 99% of PTs agreed (n = 30) or completely agreed (n = 154) with the fact that they have to contribute to PA promotion in their patients. Significant correlations were found between physical therapist knowledge of the definition of PA, the benefits of PA, and their self-reported PA promotion (0.251, P < .01 and 0.180, P < .05, respectively). Additional multivariate analysis of the predictors of the self-reported PA promotion exposed significant univariate effects of knowledge, attitudes, and beliefs about PA (P < .01). Although the role of PTs in PA promotion seems evident, this survey underlines important misconceptions about PA within this group of health care professionals. Significant relationships between physical therapist knowledge, attitudes, and beliefs about PA and self-reported promotion of PA highlight the need for physical therapist education programs to emphasize teaching the fundamentals of PA.