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"Clyne, Michael"
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اللغة والعلاقات الإنسانية : أساليب المخاطبة في اللغة المعاصرة
يتناول هذا الكتاب أساليب المخاطبة في اللغة المعاصرة في أربع لغات أوروبية هي الفرنسية، والألمانية، والسويدية، والإنجليزية، ومدى تأثر هذه الأساليب بالمتغيرات الاجتماعية والاقتصادية داخل المجتمعات، من خلال الاعتماد على تجميع البيانات من الميدان، ومن مجموعة الدراسات والمقابلات الشخصية. وقد جاء الكتاب في ستة فصول هي : مقدمة، ومداخل متعددة لقضية شائكة، ووضع خيارات المخاطبة في إطارها السياقي، ومؤسسات ومجالات ووسائل، وتعدد اللهجات على المستوى الوطني، وخاتمة، وعزز بعدد من الملاحق وقائمة للجداول والأشكال والاختصارات.
BOOK
Dynamics of Language Contact
The past decade has seen an unprecedented growth in the study of language contact, associated partly with the linguistic effects of globalization and increased migration all over the world. Written by a leading expert in the field, this much-needed account brings together disparate findings to examine the dynamics of contact between languages in an immigrant context. Using data from a wide range of languages, including German, Dutch, Hungarian, Italian, Spanish, Croatian and Vietnamese, Michael Clyne discusses the dynamics of their contact with English. Clyne analyzes how and why these languages change in an immigration country like Australia, and asks why some languages survive longer than others. The book contains useful comparisons between immigrant vintages, generations, and between bilinguals and trilinguals. An outstanding contribution to the study of language contact, this book will be welcomed by students and researchers in linguistics, bilingualism, the sociology of language and education.
eBook
Cytotype and genotype predict mortality and recruitment in Colorado quaking aspen (Populus tremuloides)
Species responses to climate change depend on environment, genetics, and interactions among these factors. Intraspecific cytotype (ploidy level) variation is a common type of genetic variation in many species. However, the importance of intraspecific cytotype variation in determining demography across environments is poorly known. We studied quaking aspen (Populus tremuloides), which occurs in diploid and triploid cytotypes. This widespread tree species is experiencing contractions in its western range, which could potentially be linked to cytotype-dependent drought tolerance. We found that interactions between cytotype and environment drive mortality and recruitment across 503 plots in Colorado. Triploids were more vulnerable to mortality relative to diploids and had reduced recruitment on more drought-prone and disturbed plots relative to diploids. Furthermore, there was substantial genotype-dependent variation in demography. Thus, cytotype and genotype variation are associated with decline in this foundation species. Future assessment of demographic responses to climate change will benefit from knowledge of how genetic and environmental mosaics interact to determine species’ ecophysiology and demography.
Journal Article
Multiculturalism and Integration
Multiculturalism has been the official policy of all Australian governments (Commonwealth and State) since the 1970s. It has recently been criticised, both in Australia and elsewhere. Integration has been suggested as a better term and policy. Critics suggest it is a reversion to assimilation. However integration has not been rigorously defined and may simply be another form of multiculturalism, which the authors believe to have been vital in sustaining social harmony.
eBook
Dynamics of Language Contact
The past decade has seen an unprecedented growth in the study of language contact, associated partly with the linguistic effects of globalization and increased migration all over the world. Written by a leading expert in the field, this much-needed account brings together disparate findings to examine the dynamics of contact between languages in an immigrant context. Using data from a wide range of languages, including German, Dutch, Hungarian, Italian, Spanish, Croatian and Vietnamese, Michael Clyne discusses the dynamics of their contact with English. Clyne analyzes how and why these languages change in an immigration country like Australia, and asks why some languages survive longer than others. The book contains useful comparisons between immigrant vintages, generations, and between bilinguals and trilinguals. An outstanding contribution to the study of language contact, this book will be welcomed by students and researchers in linguistics, bilingualism, the sociology of language and education.
eBook
Cicada nymphs dominate American black bear diet in a desert riparian area
American black bears are considered dependent on high‐elevation forests or other montane habitats in the drylands of western North America. Black bear sign, including that of cubs, was observed throughout the summers of 2015, 2016, and 2018 along a perennial desert river in the Sonoran Desert of Arizona. We analyzed the contents of 21 black bear scats, collected from May to October of 2016 and 2018. Apache cicada nymphs (Diceroprocta apache) were the dominant food item, occurring in 90% of scats and comprising an average of 59% of scat contents. In the process of excavating these nymphs, bears created large areas of turned‐over soil, a form of ecosystem engineering with potential implications for soils, vegetation, and fluvial geomorphology. Given that species distributions are shaped by physiological and ecological contexts, as well as anthropogenic legacies, it is possible that black bears once occurred more commonly in desert riparian systems prior to widespread agricultural development, hunting, and dewatering. Although more research is necessary, we suggest that desert riparian systems may be an alternative habitat for black bears. Better understanding the diet and habitat breadth of American black bears is important in the context of increasing landscape fragmentation and militarization in the U.S.‐Mexican borderlands. American black bears are generally considered forest habitat dependent species. However, we report on black bears in a riparian system in the Sonoran Desert, with an unusual diet dominated by cicada nymphs. Our results suggest that much remains unknown about the ecologies of even a well‐studied species like American black bears.
Journal Article
Pluricentric languages : differing norms in different nations
No detailed description available for \"Pluricentric Languages\".
eBook
Undoing and redoing corpus planning
A collection of 16 articles on language planning in the wake of socio-political change. Each chapter covers a different language which underwent changes due to deliberate planning which has recently been rescinded or replaced by further planning for socio-political reasons.
eBook