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"Coetzee, Kurt"
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Exploring the Teaching of Big Ideas in Teaching for Mathematical Reasoning While Covering Content (Functions) Meaningfully
This study explored the use of big ideas in functions around which mathematical activity is focused in teaching mathematical reasoning to grade 9 learners. I approached the teaching of big ideas in functions through constructivist, socio-cultural and situated perspective on learning. Through analysis of the literature I identified seven big ideas in function. They are: representation, covariance, variable, multiplicative relationships, pattern, slope and additive relationships. In developing tasks to guide mathematical activity, I endeavoured to generate cognitively high level tasks that allowed learners to view the tasks as authentic problems to solve. Authentic problems are problems whose solution paths are not dependent on a set of routine algorithms to be memorised. Through a collaborative approach to implementation of the tasks, I presented four introductory lessons relating to the seven big ideas in functions identified. These lessons were analysed by coding for the seven big ideas in learner responses and by analysing participant interactions using transcripts. Analysis of coding suggests that representation, covariance, variable and multiplicative relationships have strong connections between them. Pattern, slope and additive relationships did not display strong connections with the other four big ideas. Analysis of transcripts revealed startling results in relation to both individual as well as collaborative lines of argumentation. Collaborative lines of argumentation are seen where two or more learners co-construct a solution through mathematical reasoning while engaging the mathematical ideas prevalent in the task. I argue that it is through the implementation of teacher practices, that embraces the learner as a legitimate participant, that learners are able to develop leaner practices that promote mathematical reasoning. In teaching big ideas I have found a new way in making mathematical activity more meaningful to my learners.
Dissertation
Efficacy of oral meloxicam as primary pain mitigation following caustic paste disbudding of three day old Holstein calves
The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of perioperative administration of oral meloxicam prior to and following the application of caustic paste to disbud neonatal dairy calves. Sixty-one 3–4-d-old Holstein heifer calves were randomly assigned to one of four treatment groups of 15–16 calves. The treatment groups were: 1) M1, caustic paste disbudding and oral meloxicam (45 mg) with a placebo 24 h later; 2) M2, treatment M1 followed by a second 45-mg dose of meloxicam 24 h later instead of placebo; 3) CONTROL, treatment M1 with placebo in place of meloxicam; and 4) SHAM, sham disbudding with placebo in place of meloxicam. Infrared thermography was used to quantify eye and horn bud temperatures. Pressure algometry was used to measure Mechanical nociceptive threshold (MNT) surrounding the horn bud. Average daily gain and body weight (BW) were obtained by weighing each animal throughout the study and calculating the changes over time. Plasma was collected and analyzed for cortisol and substance P concentrations. Substance P and cortisol decreased in all animals over time, regardless of treatment. Mean plasma substance P concentration across all time points was greater (P < 0.05) in the SHAM group than M1 or M2 but not different (P > 0.05) than the CONTROL group. The MNT and ocular temperatures decreased over time across all treatments (P < 0.05). Mean BW increased over time across all treatments (P < 0.05). A significant interaction (P < 0.05) between treatment and sampling time was observed at 12 h following treatment application for both mean horn bud temperature and the ratio between horn bud and ocular temperature. Overall, the results of this study suggest that meloxicam administration at a dose of 45 mg per animal may have limited influence as the primary modulator of pain and inflammatory response in calves that have been disbudded with caustic paste at 3 d of age.
Journal Article
Efficacy of oral meloxicam as primary pain mitigation following caustic paste disbudding of three day old Holstein calves1
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of perioperative administration of oral meloxicam prior to and following the application of caustic paste to disbud neonatal dairy calves. Sixty-one 3–4-d-old Holstein heifer calves were randomly assigned to one of four treatment groups of 15–16 calves. The treatment groups were: 1) M1, caustic paste disbudding and oral meloxicam (45 mg) with a placebo 24 h later; 2) M2, treatment M1 followed by a second 45-mg dose of meloxicam 24 h later instead of placebo; 3) CONTROL, treatment M1 with placebo in place of meloxicam; and 4) SHAM, sham disbudding with placebo in place of meloxicam. Infrared thermography was used to quantify eye and horn bud temperatures. Pressure algometry was used to measure Mechanical nociceptive threshold (MNT) surrounding the horn bud. Average daily gain and body weight (BW) were obtained by weighing each animal throughout the study and calculating the changes over time. Plasma was collected and analyzed for cortisol and substance P concentrations. Substance P and cortisol decreased in all animals over time, regardless of treatment. Mean plasma substance P concentration across all time points was greater (P < 0.05) in the SHAM group than M1 or M2 but not different (P > 0.05) than the CONTROL group. The MNT and ocular temperatures decreased over time across all treatments (P < 0.05). Mean BW increased over time across all treatments (P < 0.05). A significant interaction (P < 0.05) between treatment and sampling time was observed at 12 h following treatment application for both mean horn bud temperature and the ratio between horn bud and ocular temperature. Overall, the results of this study suggest that meloxicam administration at a dose of 45 mg per animal may have limited influence as the primary modulator of pain and inflammatory response in calves that have been disbudded with caustic paste at 3 d of age.
Journal Article