Explore the vast range of titles available.

The aims of this observational study are the following: to identify diagnosis and treatment strategies for Burning Mouth Syndrome (BMS) according to current literature; to compare data collected in a sample of patients suffering from BMS with the data reported in the literature; to highlight the role of the dentist in the management of BMS. A sample of 10 consecutively treated patients was recruited to fulfill the research inquiries. All patients received a BMS diagnosis and underwent medical and psychological therapy. The patients were asked to evaluate their pain levels before and after treatment, filling in a Visual Analogic Scale and a Numerical Pain Rating Scale (NRS) to rate to what extent the treatment had been successful. A literature review was conducted on Pubmed and Cochrane using different keyword combinations. In the study group, 9/10 patients declared that the therapy gave satisfactory results. 4/10 patients reported benefit from the prescription of Clonazepam. Twelve articles were selected in the literature review. The review of literature presented in this work does not offer unequivocal evidence of Burning Mouth Syndrome diagnosis and treatment. Results obtained from the sample of 10 patients cannot be considered useful evidence to establish a clinical protocol.

The aim of the present article is to describe a surgical technique to remove a rare type of oral carcinoma located at the base of the tongue. In this technical note, the authors describe how a tongue-based tumor can be achieved by a transoral approach through full-thickness tongue-splitting. In addition, the authors present a clinical case of remarkable rarity, both for the tumor histology and its unusual location, that permitted to apply the described technique. Pictures presented in the paper enrich the description of the surgical technique. A 77-year-old male was diagnosed with a neoplasm of considerable dimensions located at the level of the tongue base, very close to the median line. The patient was unaware of the neoplasm since no ulceration was present on the mucosal lining of the tongue, and only a negligible difficulty in swelling had appeared. In fact, he was diagnosed with the tongue tumor by chance: he fell over accidentally, broke his nose, and underwent a CT scan to verify whether facial bone fractures had occurred. Unexpectedly, CT imaging documented the presence of a mass measuring almost 7 cm in the axial plane and localized at the level of the tongue base. CT scan imaging suspected an adenocarcinoma of minor salivary glands. Nevertheless, a precise definition of the lesion couldn’t be determined, and the radiologist suggested performing an RMI. Magnetic Resonance concluded that the neoplasm was most likely an adenoid cystic lingual carcinoma. Considering the peculiar position of the neoplasm within the lingual body and considering that it appeared capsulated, the patient was offered to undergo surgical removal. The surgical technique applied in this case aimed at removing the tumor with the least invasive procedure to make the most of a natural route, the mouth, while avoiding far more challenging trans-cutaneous approaches. Full-thickness tongue splitting, with or without endoscopic magnification, is a suitable approach to achieve a well-defined, capsulated lesion of the tongue base; this technique allows complete neoplasm removal in a predictable and safe way.

  Dental developmental anomalies represent a family of variable conditions affecting tooth number, size, shape, position, and eruption. Often asymptomatic and discovered incidentally, these anomalies pose significant diagnostic and therapeutic challenges for dental practitioners. This case series presents six unusual dental anomalies observed during routine orthodontic evaluations. Cases include a horizontally impacted mandibular second molar associated with a third molar germ; a malformed maxillary second molar blocking the eruption of a third molar; fusion of a maxillary lateral incisor with a supernumerary tooth; double permanent maxillary canine inclusion caused by a supernumerary tooth; trauma-induced circular enamel hypoplasia following primary tooth trauma, and a lingually displaced supernumerary mandibular premolar. The findings underscore the importance of routine radiographic evaluations for early detection and highlight the need for interdisciplinary collaboration to manage these anomalies effectively. This paper aims to enhance awareness and provide practical insights for dental practitioners in diagnosing and treating such rare conditions.

The aim of the present article is to conduct a comprehensive literature review that identifies the most commonly used surgical techniques in midface rejuvenation, compares their indications, ease of execution, complication rates, and long-term stability. A scoping review on midface lift surgical procedures was conducted following the PRISMA Extension for Scoping Reviews (PRISMA-Scr) guidelines. To address the research questions, three reviewers with varying levels of expertise in facial plastic surgery were selected. A search string was developed following the PICOS table. Three databases (PubMed, Scopus, and Cochrane) were searched for articles in English published between 2015 and 2025. Subsequently, the Rayyan online platform was used to screen titles and abstracts in a blinded manner, reaching the final pool. From an original set of 460 articles retrieved from the databases, the reviewers reached consensus on 23 articles. The literature conveys that midface lift techniques are primarily indicated to correct tear trough deformity, nasolabial folds, loss of cheek volume, and orbital hollowing. However, for upper, lower, and neck ageing, a more invasive classic facelift is often required. More obvious results are achieved with suborbicular (subSMAS) or subperiosteal approaches that release the midface ligaments, whereas subcutaneous techniques are much less effective. The choice of technique depends on several factors, including the patient's needs, previous surgical history, and the surgeon's experience. Complications are comparable between suborbicular (subSMAS) and subperiosteal techniques, as is invasiveness. Standard additional procedures to harmonize may include upper and lower blepharoplasty and malar projection augmentation. Patient satisfaction is subjective mainly due to the lack of a standardised scale, highlighting the need for further outcome studies and objective assessment of results. The midface plays a central role in overall facial aesthetics, and techniques targeting this area are essential for effective rejuvenation and beautification. The decision to employ a sub-SMAS versus a subperiosteal approach often hinges on the surgeon’s preference. However, the absence of a systematic evaluation method and long-term follow-up data limits our ability to determine the superiority of one technique over the other definitively. However, both techniques are comparable in terms of invasiveness and complication rates. The development of an objective scale to assess midface rejuvenation outcomes would greatly enhance standardization and facilitate future studies.

The purpose of this descriptive review was to assess post-operative periodontal outcomes of adjacent molar sites after the extraction of lower third molars, comparing different surgical techniques. The electronic search strategy was conducted on different databases (PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science) fitting the following selection criteria: clinical human studies (RCTs, retrospective and prospective); studies comparing different flap designs (e.g., envelope, triangular, and trapezoidal flaps) for surgical extraction of lower 3rd molars; studies assessing clinical outcomes of periodontal healing at adjacent molar sites. Studies included had to present a minimum follow-up of 1 month and at least variations of probing pocket depth (PPD) at 2nd molar site between baseline and follow-up. The search strategy considered a total of 148 records: based on the predetermined eligibility criteria, 24 articles were read, and 9 were finally identified. Regarding the primary outcome considered (PPD at 2nd molar site), no significant differences in its reduction between baseline and follow-up were found comparing different flaps designs. However, the greatest clinical attachment loss (CAL) was generally reported using a trapezoidal flap. Considering the heterogeneity of studies included, after 1 to 6 months of follow-up, no substantial evidence can be assumed for or against the use of a particular flap design for the extraction of lower third molars.

The human oral mucosa exhibits a wide array of color variations, influenced by both genetic and environmental factors. These variations range from physiological differences in individuals with lighter or darker skin tones to pathological changes caused by trauma, inflammation, hormonal fluctuations, and exposure to pharmacological agents. Pigmented lesions in the oral cavity present a diagnostic challenge due to their diverse etiologies, which include benign conditions such as melanotic macules and smoker’s melanosis, as well as more serious pathologies like oral melanoma and systemic disorders such as Addison’s disease and Peutz-Jeghers Syndrome. The differential diagnosis is further complicated by multifactorial causes, including both endogenous factors, such as nevi, and exogenous ones, such as amalgam tattoos. This review provides a comprehensive examination of the causes, diagnostic challenges, and clinical management of oral mucosal pigmentation. It underscores the importance of distinguishing between physiological and pathological states, highlighting the need for a detailed understanding of the underlying mechanisms and careful diagnostic evaluation in clinical practice.

The aim of this literature review is to outline bleeding complications in orthognathic surgery, to define their clinical presentation in terms of timing and frequency, and to eventually highlight indications for prevention and management. This literature review was conducted in accordance with the PRISMA guidelines for systematic reviews. To fulfill the research enquiries, two electronic databases (PubMed and Scopus) were searched using the PICO protocol and relevant keywords related to bleeding in orthognathic surgery. A total of 130 scientific articles written in English were retrieved from PubMed and Scopus, without any time limitation. After removing duplicates and excluding ineligible records, 22 papers were excluded. Finally, 25 articles were included in the study. Vascular complications following orthognathic surgery, although rare, can lead to severe and potentially life-threatening outcomes. A thorough knowledge of the maxillofacial district vascular anatomy and intraoperative awareness is key to managing these complications effectively, such as maintaining a high suspicion during the postoperative period, due to the variability in clinical presentation and timing.

Precise osteotomy of nasal bones is a critical component in rhinoplasty, enabling correction of deformities and enhancement of both functional and aesthetic outcomes. Piezoelectric instruments are renowned for their atraumatic bone-cutting abilities; however, traditional osteotomes remain in use. This study aims to assess the safety and efficacy of conventional osteotome techniques in rhinoplasty and compare postoperative outcomes with those documented for piezosurgery. This retrospective cohort study conducted at Verona University Hospital included 24 patients who underwent primary or revision septorhinoplasty between June 2021 and October 2024. A senior surgeon performed all osteotomies using an endonasal approach with a conventional osteotome and standardized technique. Postoperative eyelid edema and ecchymosis were evaluated on postoperative days 1, 3, and 7 utilizing the Kara-Gokalan scoring system. Complication rates, surgical duration, and length of hospital stay were also recorded. The mean scores for edema and ecchymosis were comparable to those associated with piezoelectric techniques, suggesting that precise use of conventional osteotomes, including subperiosteal tunnelling, can achieve similarly favorable outcomes. Additionally, operative time was reduced. Comparative literature indicates that periosteal elevation and soft tissue management may be more influential on outcomes than the choice of instrument. The positive results observed may be attributed to the use of the endonasal approach for osteotomies combined with subperiosteal tunneling. Traditional osteotomes present a safe, reliable, and cost-effective alternative to powered devices, achieving postoperative outcomes comparable to piezosurgery when employed with standardized surgical protocols and careful handling. Surgical expertise and standardization of techniques remain vital.  

    Biocompatibility, anti-inflammatory properties, and regenerative potential. It plays a crucial role in enhancing wound healing, reducing inflammation, and supporting tissue repair. This review aims to evaluate the clinical efficacy of HA in various dental applications, including periodontal therapy, oral surgery, implantology, and the management of oral mucosal lesions. A systematic literature review was conducted following PRISMA guidelines. Searches were performed in PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and Cochrane Library databases, focusing on studies published in the last 5 years. Inclusion criteria comprised clinical trials, cohort studies, and systematic reviews assessing HA’s effects on oral lichen planus, oral ulcers, periodontal disease, and post-surgical healing. Studies were evaluated for quality using the Cochrane Risk of Bias Tool and the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale. The review identified five key studies demonstrating HA’s beneficial effects in dentistry. HA was shown to reduce pain and lesion size in oral lichen planus, enhance postoperative healing following third molar extractions, and improve alveolar ridge preservation when combined with demineralized bovine bone. Additionally, HA gel applications accelerated gingival healing post-gingivectomy, and its combination with photobiomodulation therapy further optimized wound repair. HA has proven to be a valuable adjunct in various dental treatments, promoting tissue regeneration and reducing postoperative complications. Its combination with other biomaterials and regenerative therapies enhances its clinical efficacy. However, further research is needed to standardize its application protocols and assess long-term outcomes. As advancements in biomaterials continue, HA is poised to play an increasingly significant role in modern dentistry.

The aim of the present article is to describe a surgical technique consisting of the execution of coronoidectomy with piezosurgery by intraoral approach. In this technical note, the authors describe the appropriate approach to the coronoid process, providing a step-by-step illustration of the intraoral procedure; moreover, the authors define the clinical scenarios in which coronoidectomy is indicated. Two cases are then presented to enrich the description. Surgical treatment with coronoidectomy might be indicated for functional or pathological conditions: coronoid hyperplasia, temporomandibular joint (TMJ) ankylosis, closed lock trismus, post-traumatic restriction of mouth opening, lockjaw, surgical access to expand the surgical field when the procedure has to reach the medial part of masticator space, tumors or pathological conditions of the coronoid process, e.g. osteochondroma, osteoma, fibrous dysplasia, pseudo-joint in Jacob’s disease or oral submucosal fibrosis. Coronoidectomy might also be performed for prophylactic reasons, as it happens in oral cancer treatment.