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"Colvin, Stephen"
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A brief history of ancient Greek
\"A Brief History of Ancient Greek accessibly depicts the social history of this ancient language from its Indo-European roots to the present day. Explains key relationships between the language and literature of the Classical period (500 - 300 BC) Provides a social history of the language which transliterates and translates all Greek as appropriate, and is therefore accessible to readers who know little or no Greek Written in the framework of modern sociolinguistic theory, relating the development of Ancient Greek to its social and political context Reflects the latest thinking on subjects such as Koine Greek and the relationship between literary and vernacular Greek \"-- Provided by publisher.
Book
A Brief History of Ancient Greek
A BRIEF HISTORY OF Ancient Greek Attested since the fourteenth century BC, and still spoken today by over 10 million people, Greek has been one of the most influential languages in human history. English, Spanish, French, Russian, and Arabic are among the many languages to have borrowed key terms and concepts from Greek. A Brief History of Ancient Greek takes the reader through the history of this ancient language from its Indo-European beginnings right up to the present day, and explains key relationships between the language and literature of the Classical period (500–300 bc). The development of the language is also related to the social and political context, in line with modern sociolinguistic thought. The book reflects the latest scholarship on subjects such as koine Greek, and the relationship between literary and vernacular Greek. All Greek is transliterated and translated where appropriate, so that the text is accessible to readers who know little or no Greek, including scholars and students who require an accessible overview of the history of the language, or linguists and professionals who need a quick source of data and background information.
eBook
VARIETIES OF GREEK: DISORDER AND CONTINUITY
Social magic always manages to produce discontinuity out of continuity. Social dialect, which can be defined negatively as dialect associated with variables other than geographic region, was hardly recognized as a linguistic category until the twentieth century. Although it has been recognized since antiquity that groups at the bottom of the socio-economic ladder speak differently from the elite, non-elite idioms did not merit serious investigation since they were regarded merely as corrupt or decadent approximations to the prestige variety. There is evidence that the Greeks also recognized gender as a variable in linguistic production. Age occasionally figures in discourse about language, but the association is vaguer since it was tangled up with the idea that earlier generations spoke a better or more authentic form of Greek.
Journal Article
t, P.H. Matthews
This marvellously useful book gives a lucid and scholarly overview of the history of grammar, to the extent that it can be reconstructed, from around the second century BCE to Priscian of Constantinople in the sixth century CE. Much of Western intellectual achievement can be given an ancient Greek pedigree (philosophy, logic, history, drama, and so on), but this is not the case for linguistics. In the classical period, at least, there is no evidence for the sort of interest in language in itself that is evident in ancient India, where Pāṇini’s Aṣṭādhyāyī, the culmination of a long linguistic tradition, gave a brilliant description of the phonology, morphology and syntax of Sanskrit in a complex metalanguage at least twenty-three centuries before the concept of a morpheme was developed in Europe.11
Journal Article
THE MODAL PARTICLE IN GREEK
Five forms of the modal particle are attested in ancient Greek (ἄν, κε, κεν, κᾱ, and κ’). This article argues that ἄν is an inherited particle, and that the k-forms were the result of reanalysis of prevocalic οὐκ and εἰκ (i.e. εἰκ was reanalysed as εἰ κ’), supported by the vestiges of an old topicalising/conditional force of the IE particle *kwe (which appears elsewhere in Greek as connective τε). The attested forms in Greek grew out of *kwe in contexts where an adjacent u caused the labiovelar *kw
> k (West Greek κᾱ was influenced by indefinite *kwā). The form κεν is a creation of epic diction.
Journal Article
Arterial Injuries from Femoral Artery Cannulation with Port Access Cardiac Surgery
Although minimally invasive (MI) cardiac surgery reduces blood loss, hospital stay, and recovery time, some MI approaches require femoral arterial cannulation, which introduces a heretofore unknown risk of femoral arterial injury. This study was performed to examine the risk of femoral arterial injury after Port Access MI cardiac surgery (PA-MICS) with femoral cannulation. Data were prospectively obtained on 739 consecutive patients who had PA-MICS with femoral cannulation between June 1996 and April 2000, identifying any patient with new (<30 days postoperative) arterial insufficiency from the cannulation site. Patient characteristics (gender, age, height, weight, body surface area, smoking, peripheral vascular disease, diabetes) and operative variables (cannula size, cross-clamp time) were examined with univariate and multivariate analysis to identify risk factors for arterial injury. Injuries were defined and classified by radiologic and intraoperative assessment, and follow-up was obtained by patient examination and from the medical records. Femoral arterial occlusion (FAC) occurred in 0.68% (5/739) of patients (4 women, 1 man; age range 26–74 years). The risk of femoral injury was higher in women: 1.31% vs 0.23% (p=0.07). One patient had intraoperative limb ischemia from iliofemoral dissection and was treated by axillopopliteal bypass. Four patients presented postoperatively with claudication. Three of these had iliofemoral arterial occlusion or localized iliofemoral dissection and were treated with iliofemoral bypass, and 1 patient had localized femoral artery stenosis treated by angioplasty. With a mean follow-up of 17.8 months (range 13–26 months) limb salvage was achieved in all patients. Secondary or tertiary interventions were required in 40% (2/5), both in patients with iliofemoral occlusion, and 1 patient (20% of femoral injuries, 0.135% of overall series) has chronic graft occlusion and long-term claudication. The risk of arterial injury after femoral arterial cannulation and perfusion for Port Access surgery was low (0.68%). This risk is increased in women and is unpredictable. Initial vascular repair has a significant failure rate, and secondary interventions are often necessary. Although the femoral cannulation and perfusion technique is safe overall, the risk must be clearly recognized.
Journal Article
Differences in Mitral Valve Disease Presentation and Surgical Treatment Outcome Between Hispanic and Non-Hispanic Patients
This study analyzed the differences in clinical presentation, etiology, and hospital outcome between Hispanic and non-Hispanic patients who underwent surgical correction of mitral valve disease at a large urban medical center.
All adult patients undergoing isolated mitral valve repair or replacement surgery at two hospitals between 1993 and 2003 were studied. Patients were grouped according to ethnicity as reported to the New York State Cardiac Surgery Reporting System. Preoperative variables compared included age, congestive heart failure (CHF), etiology, and pertinent medical and surgical histories, while perioperative variables included type of operation, mortality, and hospital complications.
A total of 1683 patients (135 Hispanic,1548 non-Hispanic) underwent mitral valve surgery. Hispanic patients were younger (48.3+/-16.0 vs 59.7+/-15.9 years, P<.001) and had higher incidences of CHF (48.9% vs 35.3%, P=.002), endocarditis (8.9% vs 5.0%, P=.05), and rheumatic disease (12.6% vs 5.4%, P<.001). Non-Hispanic patients had a higher incidence of degenerative disease (68.0% vs 54.8%, P<.01). No differences in hospital mortality (Hispanic 5.9% vs 5.3%, P=.76) or perioperative complications were observed between the two groups, although Hispanic patients were less likely to undergo mitral valve repair than mitral valve replacement (35.6% vs 61.2%, P<.001).
In the urban population studied, Hispanic patients presented for mitral valve surgery at a younger age and with a higher prevalence of CHF and rheumatic disease. Public health strategies to prevent rheumatic fever among Hispanics are needed, and improved screening might facilitate earlier referral for Hispanic patients, increasing the potential for benefitting from mitral valve repair.
Journal Article
Autosegmental Phonology and Word-Internal -h- in Mycenaean Greek
Colvin examines phonetic peculiarities in Mycenaean Greek. His argument sheds new light on disputes over the pronunciation of various classical Greek dialects.
Journal Article
Minimal access reoperative mitral and aortic valve surgery
Minimally invasive cardiac surgery has allowed surgeons to perform valve procedures with a morbidity and mortality comparable with conventional resternotomy approaches while reducing postoperative ventilatory and intensive care unit requirements and overall hospital length of stay. Additionally, patient satisfaction with rapid recovery, earlier return to work, and improved cosmetic results has pushed the pendulum of reoperative valve surgery towards minimally invasive techniques. We reviewed our institutional data consisting of 129 patients requiring reoperative valve surgery over the past 4 years, which was accomplished using these minimally invasive approaches.
Journal Article