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Objectives This study aims to summarize recent studies available on untargeted metabolomics employed for periodontitis diagnosis, from saliva and gingival crevicular fluid samples, to identify recurring metabolites with biomarker‐value potential. A secondary objective was to analysudurue the protocols of existing studies, to facilitate further research. Material and Methods Three databases were electronically searched for relevant studies (PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus). Risk of bias assessment was performed using the Newcastle‐Ottawa scale (NOS). Data was extracted from studies, regarding general characteristics and conclusions, population characteristics, periodontal protocols, and metabolomics protocols. Metabolic pathway analysis was performed for recurrent metabolites. Results After screening 405 studies, 13 studies (10 using saliva samples, 3 using GCF samples) were included. 22 metabolites were identified in more than one study and included into the pathway analysis. Butyrate, lactate, isoleucine, glucose, pyruvate, isovalerate, hypoxanthine/xanthine, proline, valine, phenylalanine, and ethanol were most frequently encountered and were found upregulated in periodontitis patients compared to periodontally healthy patients. Conclusions Metabolomics could provide valuable opportunities in validating potential biomarkers or diagnosis panels, contributing to the screening, prognosis, progression and monitoring of periodontitis. Further studies on larger populations and using established protocols are needed. (PROSPERO CRD42023470339).

Background/Objectives: Peri-implantitis is a prevalent inflammatory condition affecting dental implants, leading to increased treatment costs, patient dissatisfaction, and potential implant failure. Novel biomarker-based approaches may contribute to early detection, thereby decreasing the burden of the disease. The aim of this review was to assess in vivo studies using metabolomics to identify the metabolic profiles and potential biomarkers of peri-implantitis. Methods: The protocol for this study was registered with PROSPERO (CRD42025634865). Five databases and grey literature sources (PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, ProQuest, and Google Scholar) were searched using keywords related to metabolomics and peri-implantitis. Studies were selected by independent, inter-calibrated researchers. Data were extracted using predefined, custom forms. The risk of bias was assessed using the ROBINS-I tool. Results: An electronic literature search retrieved 543 articles, of which five were selected. All studies were published within the last five years of the search. All but one study used untargeted metabolomics, and all studies identified metabolites associated with peri-implantitis or distinct metabolomic profiles of peri-implantitis. SCFAs and lysine metabolites were recurring in the results, confirming the findings of previous metabolomic studies on periodontal disease. Conclusions: Metabolomics has not been widely used to study peri-implantitis. Evidence from existing studies confirms the findings of metabolomics studies on periodontitis. Several metabolites related to PI are associated with immune response, tissue degradation, and cellular energy pathways. Integrating -omics technologies into peri-implantitis diagnosis may facilitate biomarker discovery and improve early detection strategies.

Background/Objectives: Port-wine stains (PWSs), also known as naevus flammeus or capillary malformations, are congenital cutaneous lesions, typically located in the head/neck area. The manifestations of PWSs include aesthetic and functional impairments due to soft and hard tissue modifications. Sturge–Weber syndrome is characterised by additional neuro-ocular manifestations. This systematic review aimed to identify and overview the orodental manifestations of PWSs. Methods: Several databases (PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, Embase, Cochrane Library) were searched using keywords for PWSs and oral and dental manifestations. The results were centralised, deduplicated, and selected in a two-step sequence. Data were extracted using pre-defined extraction forms and represented graphically and tabulated. The Newcastle–Ottawa and Joanna Briggs Institute scales were used for quality assessment. Results: Out of 884 results, 43 studies were selected for inclusion. Eleven studies investigated patients diagnosed with PWSs, while thirty-two studies investigated SWS patients. Regarding study designs, eight studies were retrospective, one was cross-sectional, two were case series, and thirty-two were case reports. The most frequently mentioned manifestations were gingival hypertrophy, lip hypertrophy, mucosal or gingival staining, malocclusion, gingivitis or gingival bleeding, and facial asymmetry. Conclusions: Due to the rarity of this pathology, the orodental manifestations of PWSs are not widely known to dentists. Soft tissue hypertrophy, malocclusion, and bony hypertrophy are significant concerns that need to be addressed during treatment.

Background and Objectives: The impact of craniocervical posture on malocclusion has long intrigued researchers in dentistry, orthodontics, and physical therapy. This research aims to elucidate the relationship between craniocervical posture and both dental and skeletal malocclusions and to explore the potential for integrated multidisciplinary therapeutic approaches. Materials and Methods: We analyzed peer-reviewed articles published between 2013 and 2023 from PubMed/Medline, Web of Science, EMBASE, and Scopus. The search strategy included terms related to craniocervical posture and malocclusion, focusing on studies that evaluated the relationship between these conditions before and after various orthodontic or surgical treatments. Results: A total of 20 studies met the inclusion criteria, providing nuanced insights into the interplay between malocclusion types and craniocervical alignment. Findings suggest that altered craniocervical posture is more prevalent in individuals with skeletal malocclusions. In particular, orthodontic treatment and orthognathic surgery appear to influence craniocervical posture, suggesting a bidirectional relationship between craniofacial structure and neck alignment. Conclusions: Our literature review confirms a significant association between craniocervical posture and malocclusion, emphasizing the need for an integrative approach to the diagnosis and treatment of craniofacial anomalies. Future research should aim to quantify these relationships further through longitudinal studies, thereby increasing the understanding necessary to develop comprehensive treatment protocols.

Background/Objectives: The marginal adaptation of CAD/CAM restorations remains a key determinant of long-term clinical success, particularly in minimally invasive preparations. This in vitro study evaluated and compared the marginal gap of three CAD/CAM restorative materials—Cerasmart, G-CAM, and IPS Empress CAD—using standardized preparation and SEM measurement protocols. Methods: A total of 18 crowns were fabricated, of which 9 presented margins sufficiently interpretable under SEM and were included in the pooled quantitative analysis (n = 362 measurement points). Marginal gaps were recorded at 45×, 100× and 450× magnification using a Jeol JSM 25S scanning electron microscope. Normality and variance homogeneity were verified prior to parametric testing. Results: When pooled per material group, the mean ± SD marginal gap values were 18.53 ± 14.15 µm for Cerasmart, 21.60 ± 14.89 µm for G-CAM, and 47.09 ± 16.93 µm for IPS Empress CAD. All values fell below the contemporary clinical threshold of <70 µm for adhesive cementation. Pairwise comparison showed a large difference between IPS Empress CAD and the two resin-based materials, whereas the difference between Cerasmart and G-CAM was small. Conclusions: Hybrid and resin nano-ceramic CAD/CAM materials demonstrated narrower marginal gaps compared with the glass ceramic tested, likely due to their lower elastic modulus and greater seating accommodation during cementation. Within the limits of this in vitro design, all materials exhibited marginal adaptation consistent with current clinical acceptability criteria.

Background/Objectives: Edentulism is a significant public health concern, particularly among aging populations, affecting oral functionality, aesthetics, and overall health. This study assessed the edentulism status of patients at the Prosthodontic Clinic of Cluj-Napoca, Romania, and explored the possible correlations with socioeconomic factors such as age, general health, smoking, and alcohol consumption. This study aimed to inform public health strategies to reduce edentulism incidence and improve overall oral health outcomes in Romania. Methods: The current study included 208 patients (127 females and 81 males). Each participant completed a standardized data collection form designed to gather comprehensive information on socio-demographic characteristics (including age, gender, and environmental origin), self-reported general health, and lifestyle habits related to smoking and alcohol consumption. The clinical examination was performed by the same operator, recording the odontal and periodontal status, as well as prosthodontic evaluation (including Kennedy class). Results: Findings indicated that female patients had more frequent class 3 and complete edentulism in the maxilla, while males predominantly presented class 3 in the maxilla and class 1 in the mandible. The age distribution revealed that patients aged 20–40 exhibited the highest prevalence of Kennedy class 3, while those over 60 showed a notable increase in complete edentulism (p < 0.05). Although most patients were from urban areas, no significant difference was found between origin and edentulism class. A significant link between alcoholism and mandibular edentulism was also identified (p < 0.05). Conclusions: Edentulism tends to progress with advancing age, often leading to more extensive tooth loss and the need for comprehensive dental rehabilitation. The condition is closely linked to general health status, highlighting its relevance as a potential indicator of systemic health risks. Lifestyle factors, particularly smoking and alcoholism, appear to contribute significantly to the deterioration of oral health, underscoring the importance of preventive strategies and early intervention.

The aim of this research was to validate the use of a gentamicin (GEN) and nano-hydroxiapatite (nHAP)-loaded polycaprolactone nanostructured membrane (NM) as an innovative, highly efficient, low-cost treatment for periodontitis. We conducted an in vivo study on Wistar rats, in which we induced periodontitis by placing silk ligatures around the first right and left upper molars. The subjects were divided into three groups; the first group received no periodontal treatment, the second group received open flap debridement, and the third group received open flap debridement, together with the positioning of the GEN and nHAP-loaded nanostructured membrane as a treatment. The extent of periodontal regeneration was assessed by the periodontal pocket depth, bleeding on probing, tooth mobility, dental plaque, microbiological analysis, concentration of MMP-8 in saliva, plasma levels of CRP, and histological analysis. The results showed that using open flap debridement with the NM is more efficient, and it significantly reduces the probing depth, extent of bleeding on probing, dental mobility, bacterial plaque, and pathogenic flora. The concentrations of MMP-8 and CRP decrease. The histological analysis demonstrated that NM leads to bone regeneration. Our study indicates that gentamicin and nano-hydroxyapatite embedded in the fiber of the biodegradable membranes might be a promising therapeutic option for periodontitis treatment.

Objective. Gummy smile is considered non-pathological, but inaesthetic. Treatment methods are chosen on etiology and patient preferences criteria. Patients tend to opt for quicker, less invasive treatments, so this review aimed to summarize recent literature on gummy smile treatment methods, excepting orthognathic surgery or orthodontics. Materials and methods. Three databases were searched: PubMed, Scopus and Web of Science. Search development, process, and the two-step article selection were conducted by independent researchers. Data was extracted regarding study characteristics, population and excessive gingival exposure before and after treatment. This information was subsequently summarized. Results. Out of 544 results, 51 were selected for reviewing. The studies were classified according to treatment methods: botulinum toxin A injections, surgical lip repositioning, crown lengthening, hyaluronic acid injections, gingivectomy and others. The particularities, advantages and disadvantages of each treatment were discussed. Conclusions. The recent literature reveals a growing interest in quick, less-invasive surgical methods or minimally invasive non-surgical methods in treating gummy smile. Further longitudinal studies could provide data for predictable outcomes, increasing availability and optimizing treatment strategies for excessive gingival display.

Background/Objectives: Psoriasis and periodontitis share inflammatory pathways. Current evidence suggests a bidirectional non-causal relation. However, the evidence on the effects of periodontal treatment on psoriasis outcomes (severity, inflammatory markers, quality of life) is limited. This study aims to synthetize the available clinical and preclinical evidence of periodontal treatment effects on psoriasis outcomes, in patients with comorbid psoriasis and periodontitis (CRD420261298145). Methods: Several databases (PubMed, WebOfScience, ScienceDirect, ProQuest and GoogleScholar) were searched for relevant articles, without language or time restrictions. We included randomised and non-randomised clinical studies on humans, and controlled animal experiments. Interventions included periodontal treatment (surgical and non-surgical). Outcomes were the Psoriasis Area and Severity Index and dermatology-specific quality of life scores; secondary outcomes included inflammatory biomarkers and periodontal parameters. Studies were screened in duplicate, data extracted independently and risk of bias was assessed using Cochrane RoB 2, ROBINS I, NOS and SYRCLE. Results: A total of five studies were included in this systematic review (four clinical studies and one preclinical studies). Three studies directly assessed post-treatment psoriasis outcomes, with two studies investigating inflammation mediators as secondary outcomes. Two studies directly assessed PASI (Psoriasis Area and Severity Index) modifications, both studies confirming PASI scores decreasing post-periodontal treatment; one study also reported DLQI (Dermatology Life Quality Index). Typical follow-up durations ranged from 8 to 10 weeks for interventional studies, to 5 years for one cohort study. Conclusions: Although momentarily limited by the small number of available studies, the results of this review suggest that periodontal treatment may be associated with improvements in psoriasis outcomes. Further studies on larger samples, with longer follow-up periods would be necessary to confirm and possibly strengthen the existing results.

Perinatal mortality remains a global challenge. This challenge may be worsened by the negative effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on maternal and child health. Examine the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on perinatal care and outcomes in the Tamale Teaching Hospital in northern Ghana. A hospital-based retrospective study was conducted in the Tamale Teaching Hospital. We compared antenatal care attendance, total deliveries, cesarean sections, and perinatal mortality before the COVID-19 pandemic (March 1, 2019 to February 28, 2020) and during the COVID-19 pandemic (March 1, 2020 to February 28, 2021). Interrupted time series analyses was performed to evaluate the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on perinatal care and outcomes at TTH. A total number of 35,350 antenatal visits and 16,786 deliveries were registered at TTH from March 2019 to February 2021. Antenatal care, early neonatal death, and emergency cesarean section showed a rapid decline after the onset of the pandemic, with a progressive recovery over the following months. The total number of deliveries and fresh stillbirths showed a step change with a marked decrease during the pandemic, while the macerated stillbirths showed a pulse change, a temporary marked decrease with a quick recovery over time. The COVID-19 pandemic had a negative impact on perinatal care and outcomes in our facility. Pregnancy monitoring through antenatal care should be encouraged and continued even as countries tackle the pandemic.