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"Cook, Alexandra"
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Laurent Garcin, M.D. F.R.S.: A Forgotten Source for N. L. Burman's Flora indica (1768)
Laurent Garcin (ca. 1681–1751), a Dutch East India Company ship's surgeon, Fellow of the Royal Society and corresponding member of the Académie royale des sciences (Paris), has largely vanished from the annals of botanical and medical science. Yet data presented in this article demonstrate that ca. 1740 he gave some or all of his plant collections from his Asian travels in the 1720s to J. Burman, a correspondent in Amsterdam. Those collections in turn greatly enriched Flora Indica by N. Burman (hereafter Burman fil.) to the tune of 98 specimens. Burman's work is an important historical source for the botany not only of modern-day India, as the title suggests, but also of Sri Lanka, Indonesia and Iran—the “Indies” as they were understood in the eighteenth century. So far only a handful of Garcin's specimens have come to light (G-Burman). These few extant specimens testify to Garcin's collecting zeal and keen eye for materia medica.
Journal Article
Successful translocation of Saltmarsh Sparrow (Ammospiza caudacuta) nestlings to new nest after loss of the attending parent
Saltmarsh Sparrows (Ammospiza caudacuta) are highly specialized tidal marsh obligates that are predicted to go extinct within this century as inundation of nests becomes increasingly frequent due to sea level rise. Short-term strategies for boosting reproductive success are greatly needed while best management practices for habitat restoration are being developed. Fostering orphaned chicks in active nests may be one such strategy. Males provide no parental care, so the loss of a nesting female will doom the brood. We confirmed the predation of a female attending a nest that contained two 6-day-old chicks. We translocated these 2 nestlings into an active Saltmarsh Sparrow nest at the site with similar-aged chicks. All chicks reached fledging age and were gone from the nest soon thereafter. This is the first documented case of a nestling translocation of a Saltmarsh Sparrow being performed, and it appeared to be successful, although survival of the fledglings throughout the subsequent year remains to be documented. Based on our result, translocation bears further experimentation and modeling to determine the probability of success and potential contribution to population trends.
Journal Article
Successful translocation of Saltmarsh Sparrow a un nuevo nido después de la pérdida del adulto que los criaba
Saltmarsh Sparrows (Ammospiza caudacuta) are highly specialized tidal marsh obligates that are predicted to go extinct within this century as inundation of nests becomes increasingly frequent due to sea level rise. Short-tenn strategies for boosting reproductive success are greatly needed while best management practices for habitat restoration are being developed. Fostering orphaned chicks in active nests may be one such strategy. Males provide no parental care, so the loss of a nesting female will doom the brood. We confirmed the predation of a female attending a nest that contained two 6-day-old chicks. We translocated these 2 nestlings into an active Saltmarsh Sparrow nest at the site with similar-aged chicks. All chicks reached fledging age and were gone from the nest soon thereafter. This is the first documented case of a nestling translocation of a Saltmarsh Sparrow being performed, and it appeared to be successful, although survival of the fledglings throughout the subsequent year remains to be documented. Based on our result, translocation bears further experimentation and modeling to determine the probability of success and potential contribution to population trends. Received 24 October 2019. Accepted 22 July 2021.
Journal Article
Geographic variation of mercury in breeding tidal marsh sparrows of the northeastern United States
Saltmarsh sparrows (Ammospiza caudacuta) and seaside sparrows (A. maritima) are species of conservation concern primarily due to global sea-level rise and habitat degradation. Environmental mercury (Hg) contamination may present additional threats to their reproductive success and survival. To assess site-specific total mercury (THg) exposure and identify environmental correlates of THg detection, we sampled blood from adult male saltmarsh and seaside sparrows at 27 sites between Maine and Virginia, USA. The mean THg concentration (±1 SD) throughout the entire sampling range was 0.531 ± 0.287 µg/g wet weight (ww) for saltmarsh sparrows and 0.442 ± 0.316 µg/g ww for seaside sparrows. Individual THg concentrations ranged from 0.135–1.420 µg/g ww for saltmarsh sparrows and 0.153–1.530 µg/g ww for seaside sparrows. Model averaging from a suite of linear mixed models showed that saltmarsh sparrows averaged 20.1% higher blood THg concentrations than seaside sparrows, potentially due to differences in diet or foraging behavior. We found no evidence for a relationship between sparrow THg concentrations and land cover surrounding sampled marshes or average precipitation-based Hg deposition. Overall, our results suggest considerable, unexplained variation in tidal marsh sparrow blood THg concentrations over their co-occurring breeding ranges.
Journal Article
An \app\ for third party beneficiaries
Every year, more than 100 reported court opinions consider the question of whether an outsider can sue for damages under a contract made by others - in part because the law is so ambiguous. While contract enforcement by a third party is controlled largely by the facts of the particular case, it also materially depends upon the relevant legal standards. At present, not just the standards, but also the reasons for these standards, are unclear. Eighty years ago, Lon Fuller, a professor teaching contracts at a then-Southern law school, and William Perdue, a student at that school, significantly clarified and improved decision-making on damages issues in contract law by proposing a new vocabulary and analytical model. The senior author of this Article is a professor at a Southern law school, but he does not need an academic Lloyd Bentsen to tell him that he is \"no Lon Fuller,\" and the younger co-authors hold no \"William Perdue illusion,\" given that Mr. Perdue was the father-in-law of their law school dean. Nonetheless, we believe that the new vocabulary and analytical model we are proposing would clarify and improve decision-making on third party contract rights.
Journal Article
Linnaeus and Chinese plants: A test of the linguistic imperialism thesis
It has been alleged that Carolus Linnaeus practised Eurocentrism, sexism and racism in naming plant genera after famous botanists, and excluding 'barbarous names'. He has therefore been said to practise 'linguistic imperialism'. This paper examines whether Linnaeus applied 'linguistic imperialism' to the naming of Chinese plants. On the basis of examples such as Thea (=Camellia), Urena, Basella, Annona, Sapindus (=Koelreuteria), and Panax, I conclude that Linnaeus used generic names of diverse origins. However, he misidentified Chinese plants' habitats, and acted on these misapprehensions.
Journal Article