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Regeneration through empire : French pronatalists and colonial settlement in the Third Republic
\"Following France's defeat in the Franco-Prussian War in 1870-71, French patriots feared that their country was in danger of becoming a second-rate power in Europe. Decreasing birth rates had largely slowed French population growth, and the country's population was not keeping pace with that of its European neighbors. To regain its standing in the European world, France set its sights on building a vast colonial empire while simultaneously developing a policy of pronatalism to reverse these demographic trends. Though representing distinct political movements, colonial supporters and pronatalist organizations were born of the same crisis and reflected similar anxieties concerning France's trajectory and position in the world. Regeneration through Empire explores the intersection between colonial lobbyists and pronatalists in France's Third Republic. Margaret Cook Andersen argues that as the pronatalist movement became more organized at the end of the nineteenth century, pronatalists increasingly understood their demographic crisis in terms that transcended the boundaries of the metropole and began to position the French empire, specifically its colonial holdings in North Africa and Madagascar, as a key component in the nation's regeneration. Drawing on an array of primary sources from French archives, Regeneration through Empire is the first book to analyze the relationship between depopulation and imperialism\"-- Provided by publisher.
Book
Vacating the Floodplain
This article exposes the dominant socio-economic and political values that shaped flood management between 1974 and 2011 in Brisbane, Queensland, Australia. By the 1970s, international hazard scholarship advocated regulating land use as an effective flood mitigation tool. In 1974, floods devastated Southeast Queensland and highlighted the hazards of building on floodplains. Drawing on scholarship that frames floods as a cultural, rather than natural event, this paper shows that the state government of Queensland prioritised property development and continued to rely on dam building as a way of controlling floods. Dams were built with the aim of providing immunity from flooding, but tensions between State and local governments allowed both to evade responsibility for the growing hazard arising from continuing development in the floodplain. When legislation and regulations were introduced to control floodplain development, they reflected popular sentiment against land use restrictions and hence were limited in scope, non-mandatory, and riddled with loopholes. The results of these inadequate land use regulations and continued residential development below the 100-year flood level were fully exposed in 2011 when a substantial increase in damages accompanied flooding of the Brisbane River. Despite evidence and predictions of increased risk of more frequent and larger floods from a warming climate, both state and local governments have continued to promote development in the Brisbane River floodplain, and appear willing to subject the city and its residents to increased hazards and vulnerability.
Journal Article
Emotional challenges to masculinity in the 1930s Callide Valley closer settlement, Australia
When the Callide Valley closer settlement scheme was opened in central Queensland in 1927 its design was based on a gendered rural ideal. A farming man was to be hard-working, stoic and tough, able to withstand the unpredictable climate and environmental conditions to tame the land, build the new nation and provide for his family; acts by which he could construct and demonstrate his settler masculinity, while cultivating the land. Through an analysis of settler correspondence to a Queensland government enquiry in 1934, this article problematises the myths of masculinity in this rural community to explore the emotional and mental strain on male settlers when the environment posed limits to settler economic and agricultural success.
Journal Article
A River with a City Problem
When floods devastated South East Queensland in 2011, who was to blame?Despite the inherent risk of living on a floodplain, most residents had pinned their hopes on Wivenhoe Dam to protect them, and when it failed to do so, dam operators were blamed for the scale of the catastrophic events that followed.
eBook
The contribution of respiratory and hearing protection use to psychological distress in the workplace: a scoping review
ObjectiveWorkers from various industries use personal protective equipment (PPE) including masks, respirators, and hearing protection to reduce their exposures to workplace hazards. Many studies have evaluated the physiological impacts of PPE use, but few have assessed the psychological impacts. The aim of the present study was to carry out a scoping review to compile existing evidence and determine the extent of knowledge on workplace mask, respirator or hearing protection use as a psychosocial hazard (stressor) that could result in a stress response and potentially lead to psychological injury.MethodsThe scoping review followed recognized methods and was conducted using Ovid Emcare, PubMed, Sage Journals, ScienceDirect, Scopus, SpringerLink, Google Scholar and preprint databases (OSF Preprints and medRxiv). Articles on the stressors associated with the use of masks, respirators, and hearing protection were included. The extracted data included author(s) name, year of publication, title of article, study design, population data, stressors assessed, and key findings.ResultsWe retrieved 650 articles after removal of duplicates, of which 26 were deemed eligible for inclusion for review. Identified factors associated with PPE use that could potentially create a stress response were identified: communication impacts, physical impacts, psychological illness symptoms, cognitive impacts, and perceived PPE-related impacts. Evidence for respirators suggest that there may be psychological injury associated with their use. However, hearing protection appears to have a protective effect in reducing psychological symptoms such as anxiety, depression, and aggression.ConclusionsMask or respirator use may lead to an increase in work-related stress. Whereas hearing protection may have protective effects against psychological symptoms and improves speech intelligibility. More research is needed to better understand potential psychosocial impacts of mask, respirator and/or hearing protection use.
Journal Article
Evaluation of the Safety and Pharmacokinetics of Single-Dose Oral Probenecid Administration in Healthy Dogs
Abstract
Background
Grape-induced acute kidney injury (AKI) is caused by tartaric acid and may lead to death in dogs. Probenecid, an organic anion transporter-1 inhibitor, recently has been shown to block the uptake of tartaric acid in Madin–Darby canine kidney cells and has been suggested as a possible target for prevention of AKI after grape ingestion.
Hypothesis/Aims
Assess the safety and pharmacokinetics (PK) of PO probenecid in dogs. We hypothesized that probenecid would result in mild, self-limiting gastrointestinal (GI) adverse effects and would be safe in healthy dogs. Additionally, we hypothesized that PO probenecid (50 mg/kg) would have adequate bioavailability and achieve pharmacologically active plasma drug concentrations.
Animals
Six healthy beagle dogs.
Methods
Pharmacokinetic (PK) study. Dogs were given 50 mg/kg of probenecid PO, with PK data collected for 48 h after administration. Complete blood count, serum biochemistry profile, urinalysis, and clinical monitoring were performed throughout a 21-day study period to assess safety. Plasma concentration versus time data was analyzed using non-compartmental and two-compartmental modeling.
Results
Orally administered probenecid had excellent estimated bioavailability (82.6%) and rapid absorption, with a mean maximal plasma concentration of 589.3 μM (range: 368.0–830.5 μM) within 1.5 h. The mean volume of distribution was 0.71 L/kg, with mean systemic clearance of 0.022 L/h/kg and mean half-life of 24.1 h. Probenecid was well tolerated by all six dogs, with no clinically relevant adverse effects noted.
Conclusions and Clinical Importance
Orally administered probenecid is safe and bioavailable in healthy dogs. Future clinical trials assessing PO probenecid in dogs with known tartaric acid ingestion are warranted.
Journal Article
Mapping water availability, projected use and cost in the western United States
New demands for water can be satisfied through a variety of source options. In some basins surface and or groundwater may be available through permitting with the state water management agency (termed unappropriated water), alternatively water might be purchased and transferred out of its current use to another (termed appropriated water), or non-traditional water sources can be captured and treated (e.g., wastewater). The relative availability and cost of each source are key factors in the development decision. Unfortunately, these measures are location dependent with no consistent or comparable set of data available for evaluating competing water sources. With the help of western water managers, water availability was mapped for over 1200 watersheds throughout the western US. Five water sources were individually examined, including unappropriated surface water, unappropriated groundwater, appropriated water, municipal wastewater and brackish groundwater. Also mapped was projected change in consumptive water use from 2010 to 2030. Associated costs to acquire, convey and treat the water, as necessary, for each of the five sources were estimated. These metrics were developed to support regional water planning and policy analysis with initial application to electric transmission planning in the western US.
Journal Article
Acute mesenteric ischemia diagnosed via computed tomography in a dog following vehicular blunt force trauma: a Case Report
Acute mesenteric ischemia (AMI) refers to a group of vascular disorders that disrupt intestinal blood flow, resulting in intestinal ischemia and necrosis if left untreated. In both humans and dogs, this condition appears to be rare but deadly. There has only been one documented case of traumatic acute mesenteric ischemia in a dog, and the diagnosis was conducted through laparotomy. We present the case of a dog that was struck by a vehicle and subsequently developed traumatic acute mesenteric ischemia, which was diagnosed through computed tomography (CT). The dog presented with profuse hemorrhagic diarrhea, which persisted throughout the hospitalization. The dog’s condition eventually deteriorated as a result of diffuse intestinal ischemia, diagnosed using computed tomography (CT). Due to the anticipated poor prognosis, the dog was euthanized humanely. Traumatic acute mesenteric ischemia in dogs may be an underdiagnosed consequence of vehicular trauma, necessitating further diagnostic investigation in dogs with persistent gastrointestinal signs that are unresponsive to medical therapy.
Journal Article
Gender, environment and history: New methods and approaches in environmental history
We are far from the first, and expect we will not be the last, to wonder at the paucity of research on women, gender and sexuality in (Anglophone) environmental history. To borrow from Virginia Scharff, who was writing in 1999, environmental history still has a 'sex secret'. For all the insights of feminist scholarship, science studies, queer studies, women's history, gender history and histories of sexuality that have accumulated since then, many environmental historians still seem to find 'forest fires more fascinating than cooking fires', at least in Australia and the United States. Yet historical studies of women's garden making, environmental and animal welfare movements, domestic labour, knowledge making, 'alternative' environments and mountaineering (just to name a few areas of dynamic scholarship) show that women have indeed been agents of environmental change in ways that either conformed to or contested contemporary gender and sexual expectations. Arising from the 'Placing Gender' workshop held in Melbourne in 2018, this collection brings together four contributions that demonstrate different approaches to undertaking gender analysis in environmental history. Focusing on non-Indigenous women and men in the Anglo-world from the mid-nineteenth century, some adopt new tools to excavate familiar terrain, while others listen closely to voices that have been rarely heard in the field. Recasting the making of settler places in terms of their gendered production and experience not only enriches their own environmental history, we argue, but also broadens the historian's enquiry to encompass the other lands implicated in the production of settler places.
Journal Article