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Case. Blast injuries to the upper extremity can be devastating and emotionally stressful injuries. We describe a case of a high-energy blast injury to an upper extremity from an explosive. The transfer of energy caused severe soft tissue/bony damage to the hand, but also led to associated Essex Lopresti and terrible triad injuries. The patient required emergent transradial amputation by hand surgery as well as definitive fixation by our orthopaedic team. Conclusion. We describe a unique salvage operation that established forearm pronosupination, elbow flexion, and proper prosthetic fitting. We feel that describing our technique could help others in treating this injury if encountered.

I examine mortuary, artifactual, symbolic, and proxemic data from Hopewell sites in southwestern and south-central Ohio to suggest that people associated with south-central Ohio sites such as Hopewell and Seip implemented more exclusionary political strategies, while people at southwestern sites such as Turner and Fort Ancient maintained a more corporate orientation through much of the Middle Woodland period. The recognition of this dimension of variation among Ohio Hopewell peoples has important implications for the study of the evolution of middle-range societies.

The James Webb Space Telescope (JWST) is a large, infrared space telescope that has recently started its science program which will enable breakthroughs in astrophysics and planetary science. Notably, JWST will provide the very first observations of the earliest luminous objects in the universe and start a new era of exoplanet atmospheric characterization. This transformative science is enabled by a 6.6 m telescope that is passively cooled with a 5 layer sunshield. The primary mirror is comprised of 18 controllable, low areal density hexagonal segments, that were aligned and phased relative to each other in orbit using innovative image-based wave front sensing and control algorithms. This revolutionary telescope took more than two decades to develop with a widely distributed team across engineering disciplines. We present an overview of the telescope requirements, architecture, development, superb on-orbit performance, and lessons learned. JWST successfully demonstrates a segmented aperture space telescope and establishes a path to building even larger space telescopes.

The James Webb Space Telescope (JWST) is a large, infrared space telescope that has recently started its science program which will enable breakthroughs in astrophysics and planetary science. Notably, JWST will provide the very first observations of the earliest luminous objects in the universe and start a new era of exoplanet atmospheric characterization. This transformative science is enabled by a 6.6 m telescope that is passively cooled with a 5 layer sunshield. The primary mirror is comprised of 18 controllable, low areal density hexagonal segments, that were aligned and phased relative to each other in orbit using innovative image-based wave front sensing and control algorithms. This revolutionary telescope took more than two decades to develop with a widely distributed team across engineering disciplines. We present an overview of the telescope requirements, architecture, development, superb on-orbit performance, and lessons learned. JWST successfully demonstrates a segmented aperture space telescope and establishes a path to building even larger space telescopes.

Galactic-scale outflows of gas play a significant role in galaxy evolution. They push gas to larger radii, slowing the star formation rate near the center of the galaxy, and increasing it at larger radii. Eventually, these outflows can expel the gas from the galaxy, depositing metals into the intergalactic medium, and limiting star formation in the galaxy. Galaxies from the Keck Baryonic Structure Survey (KBSS) and 3D-Hubble Space Telescope (3D-HST) Survey were used in order to measure the velocities of galactic outflows from the KBSS spectra, and the grism spectra from the 3D-HST survey were used in order to map the sizes of star forming regions based on emission lines. These galaxies were filtered such that only galaxies with prominent [OIII] λλ4959, 5007 doublet emissions and whose outflow velocities could be calculated were kept. After the filter, 52 galaxies remained. Local galaxies with high surface densities of star formation are known to have stronger galactic outflows. To test if this is true at z~2, the [OIII] luminosity surface density was used as an analog to the SFR, and it was compared to the outflow velocity in each galaxy. A correlation significance of 0.4σ was found, indicating no correlation between the two values. This disagrees with some existing results. The lack of correlation could be due to a lack of range in galaxy properties. It is recommended to use Hα emission to more directly measure the star formation rates in the future, instead of using [OIII] as an analog to the SFR.

Several psychiatric disorders exhibit different incidence rates in men and women and are associated with dysfunctions in forebrain dopaminergic circuits. Although anatomical and functional sex differences in the brain have been studied, little is known about sex differences in the forebrain dopaminergic circuits associated with behavioral dysfunction. We hypothesized that known sex differences in forebrain dopamine circuit-associated behaviors would be the result of sex differences in forebrain dopamine circuit anatomy. As a first step to address this hypothesis, we combined a mouse transgenic driver line (tyrosine hydroxylase promoter-driven Cre recombinase) with virally encoded fluorescent reporters (FLEX-tdTomato and SynaptophysinGFP) to compare the density of midbrain dopaminergic axon projections and terminal boutons in dopamine projection target regions. Using this technique, we analyzed projections from the ventral tegmental area (VTA) to prefrontal cortex and basolateral amygdala(BLA) in male and female adult mice. Multiple analyses at 10x and 25x magnification revealed higher bouton density in BLA in males compared to females. To determine if this anatomical difference is mediated by gonadal steroid hormones, subjects were treated with a drug used to reduce gonadal steroid hormone production in clinical populations, leuprolide acetate (Lupron),before anatomical measures. Leuprolide administration resulted in a reduction in circulating testosterone, but did not show an effect on dopamine circuit anatomy. The finding of an anatomical sex difference in the forebrain dopamine circuit provides a structural foundation for further investigation of how sex differences in brain circuits may underlie behavioral dysfunction that play roles in psychiatric illnesses.

This dissertation explores the differences among Ohio Hopewell societies in two regions of Ohio. A differentiation is made among corporately oriented societies in the southwestern portion of the state and south-central groups who pursued more exclusionary strategies. In this context, results from the first professional investigations at a Middle Woodland hilltop enclosure in Dearborn County, Indiana, are interpreted and compared to data from other Ohio Hopewell sites. Ceramic and radiocarbon data from the site are combined with data from other sites in Ohio to test Olaf Prufer’s observation that ceramic surface treatment varies through time. The results suggest that the proportion of cordmarked ceramics increased linearly over time in the Scioto River area, but less regularly in southwestern Ohio. Significant differences in lithic raw material acquisition are also found between southwestern and south-central Ohio, and significant temporal trends are identified in both areas. The results are interpreted as suggesting that: (i) a corporate political system was in place in southwestern Ohio from the early in the Middle Woodland period, (ii) that a corporate orientation was maintained even as significant changes took place in the regional system, and (iii) that developments in southwestern Ohio such as the adoption of Hopewell symbolism, the adoption of compound geometric ceremonial architecture, and the initiation of long-distance interaction were undertaken in such a way as to maintain a corporate ideology. These conclusions provide new understandings of variation among Ohio Hopewell societies and of the evolution of the Ohio Hopewell regional system.

The James Webb Space Telescope (JWST) is a large, infrared space telescope that has recently started its science program which will enable breakthroughs in astrophysics and planetary science. Notably, JWST will provide the very first observations of the earliest luminous objects in the Universe and start a new era of exoplanet atmospheric characterization. This transformative science is enabled by a 6.6 m telescope that is passively cooled with a 5-layer sunshield. The primary mirror is comprised of 18 controllable, low areal density hexagonal segments, that were aligned and phased relative to each other in orbit using innovative image-based wavefront sensing and control algorithms. This revolutionary telescope took more than two decades to develop with a widely distributed team across engineering disciplines. We present an overview of the telescope requirements, architecture, development, superb on-orbit performance, and lessons learned. JWST successfully demonstrates a segmented aperture space telescope and establishes a path to building even larger space telescopes.

In Durban, I made what I still feel should have been accepted as non-controversial statements. I stated that there was significant structural racism affecting Aboriginal peoples in Canada. To this end, I read verbatim from 1998 and 1999 rulings concerning Canada of the United Nations Committee on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights and Human Rights Committee. I read from the 1996 final Report of the Royal Commission on Aboriginal Peoples, including the passages regarding Canadian state policies which could push Aboriginal peoples to economic, cultural and political extinction. It is often difficult for non-Aboriginal Canadians who have not spent time on a remote reserve or with urban Aboriginal people to grasp just how serious our situation is. As the Royal Commission on Aboriginal Peoples stated so clearly, the epidemic suicides of our youth send \"a blunt and shocking message to Canada that a significant number of Aboriginal people in this country believe that they have more reasons to die than to live.\" This is a quote I read in Durban. In 1996, the federal Royal Commission on Aboriginal Peoples gave an extreme warning to Canadians. I will quote the last sentence of this concluding passage from the Royal Commission's report: \"Currently on the margins of Canadian society, (Aboriginal peoples) will be pushed to the edge of economic, cultural and political extinction. The government must act forcefully, generously and swiftly to assure the economic, cultural and political survival of Aboriginal nations.\"