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"Cooper, Scott"
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قبل سقوط الشاه ... بقليل ! = Shortly before the fall of the shah : اتفاق النفط السري الذي أطاح بشاه إيران
الكتاب عبارة عن دراسة تاريخية وسياسية واقتصادية، موثقة من باحث نيوزيلندي مبتكر ومجتهد هو الدكتور أندرو سكوت كوبر، تشرح سببا مجهولا من أهم أسباب سقوط الشاهنشاه محمد رضا بهلوي، ألا وهو فشل مسعى الشاه في اجتماع أوبك بالدوحة في كانون الأول (ديسمبر) 1976، لرفع سعر النفط لكي يتمكن من تمويل موازنته التنموية الضخمة وبرنامجه الهائل للتسلح، الذي كان يهدف عبره للهيمنة على المنطقة بالكامل، ويثبت جدارته بلقب شرطي الخليج.
Book
Nanoscale symmetry protection of the reciprocal acoustoelectric effect
Neumann’s principle states that all physical properties of a material are bound by its symmetry. While bulk crystals conform to well-defined point and space groups, phenomena at a substrate’s surface could have less apparent symmetry origins. Here we experimentally explore both reciprocal and non-reciprocal types of acoustoelectric effects driven by surface acoustic waves (SAW). The non-reciprocal acoustoelectric voltage is connected to the natural single-phase unidirectional transducer from device engineering. On the other hand, reciprocal acoustoelectric effect exists in certain SAW configurations that are of different symmetry origins. Half of the configurations have a valid reciprocity-preserving symmetry element of either a mirror plane or a two-fold rotational axis that is perpendicular to the substrate surface. The other half of the configurations do not possess a reciprocity-preserving symmetry element of the half-space but relate to the first scenario through an interchange of SAW propagation and the surface normal directions. Here, it is the symmetric construction in the equation of motion, which holds at nanoscale distances, to be responsible for the correspondence between two scenarios and extends the cases of reciprocal SAW states. This correspondence traces its physical origin to the SAW composition of compression and shear waves along two orthogonal directions respectively.
Journal Article
سقوط السماء : العائلة البهلوية والأيام الأخيرة للإمبراطورية الإيرانية
يعرض هذا الكتاب صفحات سقوط الشاه والنظام البهلوي في إيران، وهي ذاتها صفحات صعود المد الإسلامي والتأسيس لولاية الفقيه، إنتهاء بإعلان الجمهورية الإسلامية. ويعرض أيضا غفلة الدوائر الاستخبارية الأميركية، حين تأمرت ضد الشاه وتركته يترنح، ظنا منها أن الحركات الليبرالية واليسارية والعلمانية هي التي ستتصدر المشهد الإيراني. ولم يتصوروا أن الحركة الإسلامية ستجتاح المشهد، وأن النتيجة ستكون قوة مطلقة للخميني، ستمثل فيما بعد أعظم التحديات أمام واشنطن. الشاه مستصحبا معه الحداثة الأوروبية، في مجتمع إسلامي فقير ومحافظ أمام يساريين وعلمانيين يحلمون بالجمهورية وتنظيمات جهادية إسلامية تتحرك بتنظيم نافذ هذا الكتاب يقدم قصة تفصيلية لتلك الأحداث الجسام.
BOOK
Aquatic macroinvertebrates stabilize gravel bed sediment: A test using silk net-spinning caddisflies in semi-natural river channels
Organisms can have large effects on the physical properties of the habitats where they live. For example, measurements in laboratory stream microcosms have shown that the presence of silk net-spinning insect larvae (Trichoptera: Hydropsychidae) can increase the shear force required to initiate movement of riverbed sediments. Few studies, however, have moved beyond laboratory settings to quantify the engineering impacts of aquatic insects under more complex field conditions. To bridge the gap between small-scale laboratory experiments and natural stream ecosystems, we conducted experiments in large (50 m2) outdoor river channels where net-spinning aquatic insects were manipulated in sediment patches that were 5 to 25 times larger than in previous studies. We tested whether larvae of two caddisfly species (Arctopsyche californica and Ceratopsyche oslari) influenced the stability of gravel during simulated floods when alone in monoculture and together in polyculture. On average, populations of caddisflies increased the critical shear stress required to initiate sediment movement by 20% compared to treatments without caddisflies. Per capita effects of caddisflies on sediment stability were similar between previous laboratory studies and this field experiment, and Arctopsyche had a larger per capita effect than Ceratopsyche, perhaps because of its larger size and stronger silk. Contrary to prior laboratory flume results, the effects of the two species on critical shear stress when together were similar to the additive expectation of both species when alone, but effects of the two species together were higher than the additive expectation when we accounted for density. Comparisons of total population and per capita effects suggest that caddisfly density, identity, and coexisting species likely have effects on the magnitude of caddisfly impacts on critical shear stress. Our findings imply that consideration of both the abundances and traits of ecosystem engineers is needed to describe and model their effects on sediment mobility.
Journal Article
Happs
Here is a collection of 'Five Nights at Freddy's' short stories, set in the world of the newest games. Fans won't want to miss this pulsepounding collection of three novella-length stories that will keep even the bravest player up at night.
BOOK
Glucocorticoid hormone-induced chromatin remodeling enhances human hematopoietic stem cell homing and engraftment
Glucocorticoid treatment of human cord blood hematopoietic stem cells increases expression of the receptor CXCR4 by chromatin remodeling, thereby enhancing hematopoietic stem cell homing and engraftment.
Efficient hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) homing is important for hematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT), especially when HSC numbers are limited, as in the use of cord blood (CB). In a screen of small-molecule compounds, we identified glucocorticoid (GC) hormone signaling as an activator of
CXCR4
expression in human CB HSCs and hematopoietic progenitor cells (HPCs). Short-term GC pretreatment of human CB HSCs and HPCs promoted SDF-1–CXCR4-axis-mediated chemotaxis, homing, and long-term engraftment when these cells were transplanted into primary- and secondary-recipient NSG mice. Mechanistically, activated glucocorticoid receptor binds directly to a glucocorticoid response element in the
CXCR4
promoter and recruits the SRC-1–p300 complex to promote H4K5 and H4K16 histone acetylation, facilitating transcription of
CXCR4
. These results suggest a new and readily available means to enhance the clinical efficacy of CB HCT.
Journal Article
آخر الموهيكانز
تناول الكتاب أنه بعد أن عمد مرشدهما، ماجوا، إلى تضليلهما، تلجأ ابنتا أحد الجنرالات الإنجليز إلى رجل يسكن الغابات ورجلين من قبيلة الموهيكان ليرشدوهما عبر البراري الممتدة على الحدود الأمريكية. لكن ماجوا كان يخطط لأمور أخرى، انتقامًا من أبيهما الذي أهانه من قبل. تحفل هذه القصة المثيرة، التي تذخر بمواقف البسالة والخيانة وسعي رجل واحد للانتقام، بأحداث معارك دامية وعمليات خطف ومحاولات هرب محفوفة بالمخاطر.
BOOK
Individualized tractography-based parcellation of the globus pallidus pars interna using 7T MRI in movement disorder patients prior to DBS surgery
The success of deep brain stimulation (DBS) surgeries for the treatment of movement disorders relies on the accurate placement of an electrode within the motor portion of subcortical brain targets. However, the high number of electrodes requiring relocation indicates that today's methods do not ensure sufficient accuracy for all patients. Here, with the goal of aiding DBS targeting, we use 7 Tesla (T) MRI data to identify the functional territories and parcellate the globus pallidus pars interna (GPi) into motor, associative and limbic regions in individual subjects.
7 T MRI scans were performed in seventeen patients (prior to DBS surgery) and one healthy control. Tractography-based parcellation of each patient's GPi was performed. The cortex was divided into four masks representing motor, limbic, associative and “other” regions. Given that no direct connections between the GPi and the cortex have been shown to exist, the parcellation was carried out in two steps: 1) The thalamus was parcellated based on the cortical targets, 2) The GPi was parcellated using the thalamus parcels derived from step 1. Reproducibility, via repeated scans of a healthy subject, and validity of the findings, using different anatomical pathways for parcellation, were assessed. Lastly, post-operative imaging data was used to validate and determine the clinical relevance of the parcellation.
The organization of the functional territories of the GPi observed in our individual patient population agrees with that previously reported in the literature: the motor territory was located posterolaterally, followed anteriorly by the associative region, and further antero-ventrally by the limbic territory. While this organizational pattern was observed across patients, there was considerable variability among patients. The organization of the functional territories of the GPi was remarkably reproducible in intra-subject scans. Furthermore, the organizational pattern was observed consistently by performing the parcellation of the GPi via the thalamus and via a different pathway, going through the striatum. Finally, the active therapeutic contact of the DBS electrode, identified with a combination of post-operative imaging and post-surgery DBS programming, overlapped with the high-probability “motor” region of the GPi as defined by imaging-based methods.
The consistency, validity, and clinical relevance of our findings have the potential for improving DBS targeting, by increasing patient-specific knowledge of subregions of the GPi to be targeted or avoided, at the stage of surgical planning, and later, at the stage when stimulation is adjusted.
•Patient-specific parcellation of the GPi using 7 T MRI data is feasible prior to DBS.•GPi functional regions followed a Motor, Associative, and Limbic organization (from posterior to anterior).•Similar functional organizational patterns were found using two different parcellation methods.•The optimal therapeutic contact was located in the motor region.
Journal Article
آخر الموهيكانز
تدور أحداث الرواية في قارة أمريكا الشمالية في القرن السابع عشر حيث دارت حرب شرسة بين الإنكليز والفرنسيين وذلك للسيطرة على المزيد من الأراضي وساندت بعض القبائل الهندية الفرنسيين كقبيلة الهيران وساندت قبائل أخرى الإنكليز كقبيلة الموهكس وإن أبطال الرواية هم كشاف إنكليزي وصديقاه من قبيلة الموهيكانز حيث يحاربون هنود الهيران الأشرار ويحاولون انقاذ فتاتين إنكليزيتين تقعان في أسر الهيران.
BOOK
Empagliflozin restores the integrity of the endothelial glycocalyx in vitro
The antihyperglycemic agent empagliflozin not only improves glycemic control but has also been associated with clinically meaningful reductions in cardiovascular events. Studies have shown that empagliflozin significantly reduces cardiovascular death and heart failure-associated hospitalizations. Given that endothelial dysfunction is closely linked with the pathogenesis of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease, we hypothesized that the cardiovascular benefits observed with empagliflozin may be a result of its positive impact on the health of the endothelial glycocalyx (GCX), a critical component for the endothelium homeostasis. Human abdominal aortic endothelial cells (HAAECs) were either statically cultured or subjected to a steady wall shear stress of 10 dyne/cm2. Empagliflozin (50 µM, 24 h) restored heparinase III-mediated GCX disruption and the normal mechanotransduction responses in GCX-compromised HAAECs while reducing the attachment of all-trans retinoic acid-transformed NB4 cells to HAAECs. The current body of work suggests that the cardioprotective properties previously reported for empagliflozin may in part be due to the ability of empagliflozin to preserve and restore the structural integrity of the GCX, which in turn helps to maintain vascular health by promoting an anti-inflammatory endothelium, in the presence of a pro-inflammatory environment. Further studies are needed to fully understand the mechanisms underlying the cardiovascular benefits of empagliflozin.
Journal Article