Explore the vast range of titles available.

This article discusses the telling of the personal stories of sexual abuse within the context of trauma-focused group therapy for early adolescent girls. It examines the general benefits of group therapy for early adolescents, and describes the trauma-focused structured group therapy model. It also includes a guided exercise that facilitates the telling of the stories by the girls, offers cues to the therapists about each girl's unique sexual abuse experience, and structures feedback from group members.

The global economy forces many nations to consider their national investments and make difficult decisions regarding their investment in future exploration. International collaboration provides an opportunity to leverage other nations' investments to meet common goals. The Humans In Space Community shares a common goal to enable safe, reliable, and productive human space exploration within and beyond Low Earth Orbit. Meeting this goal requires efficient use of limited resources and International capabilities. The International Space Station (ISS) is our primary platform to conduct microgravity research targeted at reducing human health and performance risks for exploration missions. Access to ISS resources, however, is becoming more and more constrained and will only be available through 2020 or 2024. NASA's Human Research Program (HRP) is actively pursuing methods to effectively utilize the ISS and appropriate ground analogs to understand and mitigate human health and performance risks prior to embarking on human exploration of deep space destinations. HRP developed a plan to use ground analogs of increasing fidelity to address questions related to exploration missions and is inviting International participation in these planned campaigns. Using established working groups and multilateral panels, the HRP is working with multiple Space Agencies to invite International participation in a series of 30- day missions that HRP will conduct in the US owned and operated Human Exploration Research Analog (HERA) during 2016. In addition, the HRP is negotiating access to Antarctic stations (both US and non-US), the German :envihab and Russian NEK facilities. These facilities provide unique capabilities to address critical research questions requiring longer duration simulation or isolation. We are negotiating release of international research opportunities to ensure a multilateral approach to future analog research campaigns, hoping to begin multilateral campaigns in the latter facilities by 2017. Collaborative use of analog facilities and shared investment in the development of spaceflight countermeasures through multilateral campaigns or missions that leverage the global scientific community will focus high quality research and provide sufficient power to accelerate the development of countermeasures and drive sound recommendations for exploration missions. This panel will provide an overview of efforts to encourage and facilitate multilateral collaboration in analog missions or campaigns and describe the facilities currently under consideration to reach the common goal of enabling safe, reliable, and productive human space exploration.

The global economy forces many nations to consider their national investments and make difficult decisions regarding their investment in future exploration. To enable safe, reliable, and productive human space exploration, we must pool global resources to understand and mitigate human health & performance risks prior to embarking on human exploration of deep space destinations. Consensus on the largest risks to humans during exploration is required to develop an integrated approach to mitigating risks. International collaboration in human space flight research will focus research on characterizing the effects of spaceflight on humans and the development of countermeasures or systems. Sharing existing data internationally will facilitate high quality research and sufficient power to make sound recommendations. Efficient utilization of ISS and unique ground-based analog facilities allows greater progress. Finally, a means to share results of human research in time to influence decisions for follow-on research, system design, new countermeasures and medical practices should be developed. Although formidable barriers to overcome, International working groups are working to define the risks, establish international research opportunities, share data among partners, share flight hardware and unique analog facilities, and establish forums for timely exchange of results. Representatives from the ISS partnership research and medical communities developed a list of the top ten human health & performance risks and their impact on exploration missions. They also drafted a multilateral data sharing plan to establish guidelines and principles for sharing human spaceflight data. Other working groups are also developing methods to promote international research solicitations. Collaborative use of analog facilities and shared development of space flight research and medical hardware continues. Establishing a forum for exchange of results between researchers, aerospace physicians and program managers takes careful consideration of researcher concerns and decision maker needs. Active participation by researchers in the development of this forum is essential, and the benefit can be tremendous. The ability to rapidly respond to research results without compromising publication rights and intellectual property will facilitate timely reduction in human health and performance risks in support of international exploration missions.

The overall psychosocial adaptive functioning of young people in 56 sibling pairs in postdivorce families was compared ten years following parental divorce. Patterns of discrepant and similar functioning between siblings were related to selected family process and family structure variables. Findings included the increasing divergence in outcome between siblings over time and the singular importance of the quality of the mother-child relationship in accounting for long-term differences in functioning as well as for qualitatively similar functioning. The father-child relationship was meaningful, but typically poor in quality and did not discriminate between siblings according to outcome. Notably, sole mother-custody predominated among these families, who had divorced prior to joint custody legislation, at a time when the \"tender years\" doctrine favored mothers in custody awards of young children. Involvement in parental conflict over the years had no direct relationship with paired sibling outcome, but operated indirectly by fueling continued emotional centrality of the divorce, which itself was associated with sibling differences. Within families, better functioning siblings had better relationships with their mothers and had achieved more psychological closure on the divorce, whereas the opposite was true for the poorer functioning member of the pair. Case inspection revealed that, while siblings did not stimulate each other's suffering and preoccupation with the divorce, neither did they mute it. Structural family variables contributed little to sibling similarities and differences, with the exception of a trend for birth order, in which later-born (younger) siblings tended to have better outcomes than those born earlier. Parallel analysis of the data for individual child outcomes revealed relationships among variables across families that were generally confirmatory of within-family effects. Interpretation of findings was tempered by the absence of a cohort of siblings from nondivorced families, which would have permitted discrimination between divorce-specific effects and those similarities and divergencies among siblings which are developmentally expectable in all families with children. Recommendations for future research included controls for family structure and custody arrangement, greater specificity in domains of outcome measures, and more comprehensive exploration of both conflict involvement and the postdivorce father-child relationship.

•Performance of two distortion correction methods was assessed for laminar fMRI at 7T.•B0 field-mapping and reversed phase encoding methods reduced distortion in 3DEPI data.•Greater improvements were consistently obtained using the reversed phase encoding method.•Magnetisation transfer weighting improves contrast and eases cortical segmentation. Geometric distortion is a major limiting factor for spatial specificity in high-resolution fMRI using EPI readouts and is exacerbated at higher field strengths due to increased B0 field inhomogeneity. Prominent correction schemes are based on B0 field-mapping or acquiring reverse phase-encoded (reversed-PE) data. However, to date, comparisons of these techniques in the context of fMRI have only been performed on 2DEPI data, either at lower field or lower resolution. In this study, we investigate distortion compensation in the context of sub-millimetre 3DEPI data at 7T. B0 field-mapping and reversed-PE distortion correction techniques were applied to both partial coverage BOLD-weighted and whole brain MT-weighted 3DEPI data with matched distortion. Qualitative assessment showed overall improvement in cortical alignment for both correction techniques in both 3DEPI fMRI and whole-brain MT-3DEPI datasets. The distortion-corrected MT-3DEPI images were quantitatively evaluated by comparing cortical alignment with an anatomical reference using dice coefficient (DC) and correlation ratio (CR) measures. These showed that B0 field-mapping and reversed-PE methods both improved correspondence between the MT-3DEPI and anatomical data, with more substantial improvements consistently obtained using the reversed-PE approach. Regional analyses demonstrated that the largest benefit of distortion correction, and in particular of the reversed-PE approach, occurred in frontal and temporal regions where susceptibility-induced distortions are known to be greatest, but had not led to complete signal dropout. In conclusion, distortion correction based on reversed-PE data has shown the greater capacity for achieving faithful alignment with anatomical data in the context of high-resolution fMRI at 7T using 3DEPI.

Geometric distortion is a major limiting factor for spatial specificity in high-resolution fMRI using EPI readouts and is exacerbated at higher field strengths due to increased B field inhomogeneity. Prominent correction schemes are based on B field-mapping or acquiring reverse phase-encoded (reversed-PE) data. However, to date, comparisons of these techniques in the context of fMRI have only been performed on 2DEPI data, either at lower field or lower resolution. In this study, we investigate distortion compensation in the context of sub-millimetre 3DEPI data at 7T. B field-mapping and reversed-PE distortion correction techniques were applied to both partial coverage BOLD-weighted and whole brain MT-weighted 3DEPI data with matched distortion. Qualitative assessment showed overall improvement in cortical alignment for both correction techniques in both 3DEPI fMRI and whole-brain MT-3DEPI datasets. The distortion-corrected MT-3DEPI images were quantitatively evaluated by comparing cortical alignment with an anatomical reference using dice coefficient (DC) and correlation ratio (CR) measures. These showed that B field-mapping and reversed-PE methods both improved correspondence between the MT-3DEPI and anatomical data, with more substantial improvements consistently obtained using the reversed-PE approach. Regional analyses demonstrated that the largest benefit of distortion correction, and in particular of the reversed-PE approach, occurred in frontal and temporal regions where susceptibility-induced distortions are known to be greatest, but had not led to complete signal dropout. In conclusion, distortion correction based on reversed-PE data has shown the greater capacity for achieving faithful alignment with anatomical data in the context of high-resolution fMRI at 7T using 3DEPI.

Abstract The biological effects of feminizing hormone therapy (FHT), 17β-estradiol (E2) with testosterone suppression, on renal filtration and injury in the male is unclear. The prevalence of hypertension, a major risk factor for renal disease, is 31% in men aged 18 to 39 years. Thus, this study tested the hypothesis that preexisting hypertension in the male who undergoes FHT heightens renal risk. Using the male spontaneous hypertensive rat (SHR), a well-characterized model of essential hypertension and renal injury, E2 (5 mg/kg, subcutaneously) was chronically administered starting at 19 weeks of age up to 32 weeks of age in the male SHR. Circulating E2 was significantly elevated; circulating testosterone and lean mass were significantly decreased in male E2-SHR compared to male controls. The 24-hour creatinine clearance was decreased, whereas serum creatinine was elevated in male E2-SHR; findings mimicked by cystatin C, a biomarker less influenced by muscle mass. Yet, 24-hour creatinine excretion and albuminuria adjusted to body weight or total lean mass did not differ, suggesting FHT in the male SHR is not associated with a reduction in renal filtration. Proteinuria was significantly reduced, but albuminuria, a more accurate marker for renal injury, was unchanged; NGAL and KIM-1 excretion and histological assessment were also unchanged in E2-SHR. To summarize, this study demonstrated that FHT in the hypertensive male was not associated with further impairment in renal filtration or worsened renal injury compared to control counterparts. However, FHT in males may affect the accuracy of biomarkers for estimation of renal filtration unless adjusted for lean mass.