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Care Planning in Children and Young People's Nursing addresses a selection of the most common concerns that arise when planning care for infants, children and young people within the hospital and community setting. Clear and detailed, this text reflects both the uniqueness and diversity of contemporary children's nursing and utilizes images and case studies to provide a holistic insight into the practice of care planning through the reporting of best available evidence and current research, policy and education. Divided into sections for ease of reference, Care Planning in Children and Young People's Nursing explores both the theory and practice of care planning. Chapters on the principles of care planning include issues such as managing risk, safeguarding children, ethical and legal implications, integrated care pathways, interprofessional assessment, and invaluable parent perspectives. Additional chapters on the application of planning care examine the practical aspects of a wide range of specific conditions including cystic fibrosis, obesity, cardiac/renal failure and HIV/AIDS. Each chapter is interactive, with questions, learning activities and points for discussion creating an engaging and enquiry-based learning approach. Care Planning in Children and Young People's Nursing is a definitive resource, reflecting innovative practice which is suitable for undergraduate and postgraduate nurse education.

Eye care is a fundamental aspect of personal hygiene that should not be neglected in a critically ill child. This article informs nursing care by linking theory to practice, based on a systematic search and critical review of the literature. It explores the significance of evidence related to the eye care of a ventilated child and considers the role of the children's nurse as an agent for change in developing an eye care protocol for use in the paediatric intensive care unit.

Eye care is a fundamental aspect of personal hygiene that should not be neglected in a critically ill child. This article informs nursing care by linking theory to practice, based on a systematic search and critical review of the literature. It explores the significance of evidence related to the eye care of a ventilated child and considers the role of the children's nurse as an agent for change in developing an eye care protocol for use in the paediatric intensive care unit.

There are several interlocking elements integral to the delivery of safe patient care, including clinical governance, efficient communication, teamwork, risk assessment, inter-professional education and effective leadership. Each element can be challenging to understand, develop, or act on, but it is essential that nurses use these as opportunities to ensure their specialty or service delivers safe and high-quality care. This article discusses each of these elements and its relationship to quality patient care, with specific reference to the role of children's nurses.

AimThe early administration of antibiotics in sepsis reduces mortality and improves outcomes. This randomised control trial evaluated the effect of environmental priming (EP) on healthcare student performance in a simulated paediatric sepsis scenario.MethodsMedical and nursing students were randomised into primed and unprimed groups. Primed groups received both direct and virtual priming. Each group completed a standardised simulated sepsis scenario. Time to achieve five key clinical interventions was recorded. Mini focus groups were conducted to explore perceptions of EP.ResultsThere were 26 primed and 26 unprimed groups. The primed students were quicker to complete all five interventions and statistically significantly quicker to achieving intravenous (IV) access (median 350 s vs 373 s, p=0.02), administering IV antibiotics (median 648 s vs 760 s, p=0.045) and seeking senior help (median 703 s vs 780 s, p=0.02). Primed students did not feel that they had gained any specific advantage from being primed.ConclusionsEP can improve clinical performance. Implications for practice include incorporating EP of key clinical areas into local induction, standardisation of resuscitation areas and regular use of in situ simulation.

This article considers some of the challenging situations that children's nurses may encounter when there are tensions and disagreements between the family of the child or young person in their care and the wider professional team. The focus is on disagreements about what some might consider futile critical care. It aims to equip children's nurses with strategies for dealing with conflict and tensions, and support them to be proactive in identifying situations that might need de-escalation. The options available to support the healthcare team and therefore avoid litigation are explored, while avenues of support available to nursing staff are considered. Suggestions and examples of effective and skilful communication with families receiving challenging news are provided. The legal position designed to safeguard children's nurses is reviewed and practical strategies are offered to support nurses to protect themselves from physical violence if the situation escalates.

The nursing care of a six year old with type 1 diabetes reveals the importance of accurate control of the condition for normal physical, emotional and cognitive development. Clearly the children’s nurse can educate and support the child, parents and extended family towards achieving independence and self-care. Theoretical knowledge of normal child maturation can guide nurses to constantly adapt their modes of communication and nursing skills, so as to promote every aspect and stage of the child’s growth. Prevalence of type 1 diabetes is increasing, and nurses should use their close professional involvement with patients to assist research at every opportunity.

IntroductionTime delays in the delivery of emergency treatment in a resuscitation can be detrimental to patient care.1 Multiple factors have been implicated as causes of such delays. These include hospital related factors such as the time taken to access emergency equipment.2 Recommendations have previously been made regarding standardisation of resuscitation trolleys.3 To date there have been no studies evaluating the effect of environmental priming on performance in simulated emergencies. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of environmental priming impact on student performance in a simulated paediatric emergency.MethodsEthical approval for the study was obtained. SimBaby is an inter-professional educational module in which undergraduate nursing and medical students participate in simulated paediatric emergencies. We randomised students participating in SimBaby into primed or un-primed groups. Those in the primed arm received a tour of the sim-suite in advance of the session and had access to an online video tour of the sim-suite. Students then undertook a simulated scenario based on a child with meningococcal septicaemia. The time taken to achieve five of the six key clinical interventions outlined in the Paediatric Sepsis Six protocol were recorded. A selection of groups were then randomly selected to undertake semi-structured interviews with a psychologist. Data was analysed using thematic analysis.ResultsThe primed students were quicker to all five key clinical interventions and significantly quicker to achieving IV access, administration of antibiotics and seeking senior help (p<0.05). (table 1) Interestingly students participating in the semi-structured interviews displayed a degree of cognitive dissonance suggesting that they didn’t feel that they have gained any specific advantage from being primed. Un-primed medical and nursing students did not feel disadvantaged by not being primed.Abstract O34 Table 1Discussions/ConclusionsThese findings suggest that familiarity with the clinical environment may improve clinical performance and subsequently impact positively on patient outcomes even if participants are not always aware of the benefit this may confer. This may have implications for considering standardisation of resuscitation areas within healthcare settings. In addition it may highlight the importance of local induction and perhaps helps to promote the use of in-situ-simulation in familiarising staff with the local environment.ReferencesChan P, Krumholz H, Nichol G, et al. Delayed time to defibrillation after in-hospital cardiac arrest. N Engl J Med 2008;358:9–17.Pedley R, Whitehouse A, Hammond S. Improving room layouts for venepuncture, cannulation and ABG equipment on surgical wards. BMJ Quality Improvement Reports 2014; u554.w477 doi: 10.1136/bmjquality.u554.w477Royal College of Anaesthetists, Royal College of Physicians of London, Intensive Care Society, Resuscitation Council (UK). Cardiopulmonary resuscitation: standards for clinical practice and training. Resuscitation Council (UK).Published October 2004, updated June 2008.

Literature review of the psychological and social impact of childhood autism on parents, families and carers. The role of the paediatric nurse in supporting families following a diagnosis, providing information and encouraging acceptance of the condition is discussed. 43 references