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يتمحور الكتاب حول الطرق السليمة لتغذية وإطعام الأطفال وتكمن أهميته في إيجاد حلول للتحديات التي تواجه الوالدين والمربين في تحفيز الأكل الصحي ليصبح عادة محببة لدى الطفل وليس واجبا مفروضا عليه قد يقابل بالرفض ويؤدي لنتائج عكسية، ويساعد الكتاب في علاج مسببات السمنة والغذاء غير الصحي عن طريق معالجة السلوك والاختيارات الغذائية لدى الأطفال بتحفيز وتحقيق علاقة إيجابية مع الطعام وتمكن الطفل من اختيار ما يحتاجه جسمه بشكل صحي ومفيد.

This simple, insightful resource explains how to help children develop a healthy relationship with food. Giving practical guidance on how to support lasting positive eating behaviours in children, it includes valuable information and advice about how to resolve issues including fussy eating, obesity, and special needs related feeding difficulties.

In this work, we analyzed the community structure and metabolic potential of sediment microbial communities in high-latitude coastal environments subjected to low to moderate levels of chronic pollution. Subtidal sediments from four low-energy inlets located in polar and subpolar regions from both Hemispheres were analyzed using large-scale 16S rRNA gene and metagenomic sequencing. Communities showed high diversity (Shannon’s index 6.8 to 10.2), with distinct phylogenetic structures (< 40% shared taxa at the Phylum level among regions) but similar metabolic potential in terms of sequences assigned to KOs. Environmental factors (mainly salinity, temperature, and in less extent organic pollution) were drivers of both phylogenetic and functional traits. Bacterial taxa correlating with hydrocarbon pollution included families of anaerobic or facultative anaerobic lifestyle, such as Desulfuromonadaceae, Geobacteraceae, and Rhodocyclaceae. In accordance, biomarker genes for anaerobic hydrocarbon degradation (bamA, ebdA, bcrA, and bssA) were prevalent, only outnumbered by alkB, and their sequences were taxonomically binned to the same bacterial groups. BssA-assigned metagenomic sequences showed an extremely wide diversity distributed all along the phylogeny known for this gene, including bssA sensu stricto, nmsA, assA, and other clusters from poorly or not yet described variants. This work increases our understanding of microbial community patterns in cold coastal sediments, and highlights the relevance of anaerobic hydrocarbon degradation processes in subtidal environments.

The goal of this work was to identify sequences encoding monooxygenase biocatalysts with novel features by in silico mining an assembled metagenomic dataset of polar and subpolar marine sediments. The targeted enzyme sequences were Baeyer–Villiger and bacterial cytochrome P450 monooxygenases (CYP153). These enzymes have wide-ranging applications, from the synthesis of steroids, antibiotics, mycotoxins and pheromones to the synthesis of monomers for polymerization and anticancer precursors, due to their extraordinary enantio-, regio-, and chemo- selectivity that are valuable features for organic synthesis. Phylogenetic analyses were used to select the most divergent sequences affiliated to these enzyme families among the 264 putative monooxygenases recovered from the ~14 million protein-coding sequences in the assembled metagenome dataset. Three-dimensional structure modeling and docking analysis suggested features useful in biotechnological applications in five metagenomic sequences, such as wide substrate range, novel substrate specificity or regioselectivity. Further analysis revealed structural features associated with psychrophilic enzymes, such as broader substrate accessibility, larger catalytic pockets or low domain interactions, suggesting that they could be applied in biooxidations at room or low temperatures, saving costs inherent to energy consumption. This work allowed the identification of putative enzyme candidates with promising features from metagenomes, providing a suitable starting point for further developments.

Background Consumer engagement in medical research should be early, ongoing, and meaningful, to improve patient-centred research design and outcomes. Evaluating the impact of consumer input builds the evidence base needed to sustain and improve ongoing involvement efforts. Multiple evaluation tools are available. Here we explore the landscape of evaluation tools and apply the Australian Clinical Trials Alliance (ACTA) tool to evaluate the impact and process of consumer involvement in a recently completed project. Methods The ACTA evaluation tool was administered to all consumers and research team members in the “RECAP” study. The RECAP study is co-designed as a single-arm trial that implemented registry-generated personalised care plans for patients with newly diagnosed rectal cancer. The ACTA evaluation tool responses underwent thematic analysis, and the research and consumer group assessed the utility of the tool. Results The ACTA evaluation tool was completed by the entire team, including six consumers and four researchers. Thematic analysis highlighted inclusivity, workload, communication and remuneration as key considerations in the process of consumer involvement. Consumer impact was measured in terms of seven domains of critical research outcomes. Consumer involvement in the RECAP project was identified to be meaningful, respectful, inclusive, and impactful. The evaluation tool was considered appropriate by all respondents, who identified the ease of use, low burden and ability to address both the consumer impact and experience as positive factors. Identified areas for development included the repetitiveness and lack of specify of some questions, and the uncertainty about the desired length of response. Conclusion The ACTA evaluation tool was successfully administered to a team of consumers and researchers engaged in a recently completed trial with positive assessment of tool utility. Plain English summary Consumer engagement in medical research should be early, ongoing, and meaningful, to improve research design and outcomes. Evaluating the impact of consumer input builds the evidence base needed to sustain and improve ongoing involvement efforts. Multiple evaluation tools are available. Here we explore the landscape of evaluation tools and apply the Australian Clinical Trials Alliance (ACTA) tool to evaluate the impact and process of consumer involvement in a recently completed project. The ACTA evaluation questionnaire was completed by all consumers and research team members in the “RECAP” study. The RECAP study is a co-designed trial that implemented registry-generated personalised care plans for patients with newly diagnosed rectal cancer. The ACTA evaluation tool responses were analysed, and the research and consumer group assessed the usefulness of the tool. Analysis highlighted inclusivity, workload, communication and remuneration as key considerations in the process of consumer involvement for this team of four researchers and six consumers. Consumer impact was measured in terms of pre-identified critical research outcomes. Consumer involvement in the RECAP project was identified to be meaningful, respectful, inclusive, and impactful. The evaluation tool was considered appropriate by all team members, who identified the ease of use, low burden and ability to address both the consumer impact and experience as positive factors. Identified areas for development included the repetitiveness and lack of specificity of some questions, and the uncertainty about the desired length of response.