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We returned to the southern Aegean coast of Turkey off ancient Knidos, where Nautilus had worked for the past four years, because of our long legacy there and our interest in continuing archaeological research. The daily operating costs of large research vessels such as Nautilus are prohibitive to systematic, comprehensive, high-resolution acoustic surveys of large areas. This year, we operated off the sail training ship Bodrum (Figure 1) using the small modular autonomous underwater vehicle (AUV) Dora. Both the AUV and STS Bodrum were new exploration platforms for the Nautilus Exploration Program this season, and this pilot study allowed us to develop safe and effective methods for using these assets to conduct exploration and educational activities simultaneously.

The Affordable Care Act (ACA) enabled states to expand Medicaid eligibility, extending coverage to millions, particularly in California. While Medicaid expansion has been linked to earlier diagnoses in several cancers, its impact on thyroid cancer—a slow-growing malignancy lacking formal screening—remains unclear. To assess whether Medicaid expansion influenced thyroid cancer stage at presentation. A retrospective cohort study using SEER data (2009–2020) compared adults aged 18–64 diagnosed with thyroid cancer in California (expansion) and Texas (non-expansion). Difference-in-differences logistic regression evaluated stage changes pre- (2009–2013) and post- (2016–2020) expansion, excluding a 2014–2015 washout period. Among 63,073 patients, no significant difference in stage at diagnosis was observed between states. Estimates for localized, regional, and distant disease changes ranged from −1.3 ​% to 1.1 ​% (all 95 ​% CIs included zero). Medicaid expansion was not associated with a significant shift in thyroid cancer stage at presentation. •Medicaid expansion had limited impact on thyroid cancer stage at diagnosis.•Most thyroid cancers are detected at an early stage.•Medicaid expansion had little effect on when thyroid cancer is diagnosed, likely due to its slow growth and lack of screening guidelines.