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Analyzes the traffic in women from & through Central & Eastern Europe & the former Soviet Union. The degraded status of women within these societies is compacted by economic transitions, militarization, & feminization of poverty. Human rights issues, prostitution, & migration are intrinsic aspects of the trafficking in women. The demand for prostitution in wealthier Western European countries furthers the problem. The problems surrounding the definition of trafficking & the framing of debates on trafficking & prostitution are identified. The importance of implementing legislation to protect women from exploitation is asserted. L. Collins Leigh

\"The Gender Audit\" (GA) & associated reports & reviews drawn upon in this article enable an evaluation of how far the intervention processes at work in Kosova since 1999 have been inclusive of gender analysis & supportive of women's & girls' needs & interests. This assessment considers the strengths & drawbacks of various attempts to use & implement gender-sensitive projects. The GA was designed to support the emerging feminist reconstructive politics in Kosova. Its findings & recommendations tackle aspects of empowerment, equity, & opportunities, outlining some developments from community activism as well as outcomes of the international administration. By considering developments over a two-year period, it is possible to place issues of equity & opportunities in the context of change over time, with change at local & national levels linked with developing international dialogues. The article analyzes local work undertaken by the Kosova Women's Network to overcome violence against women in war & domestic peace, & reviews international work engaged in by the Kosovo [sic] Women's Initiative (KWI). Many Kosovar women (of all ethnicities) do fully acknowledge their community membership & recognize the risks involved in talking across their differences to achieve everyday security & reconciliation. International reports & reviews such as those produced in 2002 by the UN Secretary-General & UNIFEM on women, war, peace, & security, as well as the review of the KWI, allow an assessment of how dialogues are changing & what the potential impact of such change might be on policy development & implementation. 1 Figure, 31 References. Adapted from the source document.

The Gender Audit (GA) and associated reports and reviews drawn upon in this article enable an evaluation of how far the intervention processes at work in Kosova since 1999 have been inclusive of gender analysis and supportive of women's and girls' needs and interests. This assessment considers the strengths and drawbacks of various attempts to use and implement gender-sensitive projects. The GA was designed to support the emerging feminist reconstructive politics in Kosova. Its findings and recommendations tackle aspects of empowerment, equity, and opportunities, outlining some developments from community activism as well as outcomes of the international administration. By considering developments over a two-year period, it is possible to place issues of equity and opportunities in the context of change over time, with change at local and national levels linked with developing international dialogues. The article analyses local work undertaken by the Kosova Women's Network to overcome violence against women in war and domestic peace, and reviews international work engaged in by the Kosovo [sic] Women's Initiative (KWI). Many Kosovar women (of all ethnicities) do fully acknowledge their community membership, and recognise the risks involved in talking across their differences to achieve everyday security and reconciliation. International reports and reviews such as those produced in 2002 by the UN Secretary-General and UNIFEM on women, war, peace, and security, as well as the review of the KWI, allow an assessment of how dialogues are changing and what the potential impact of such change might be on policy development and implementation.

Albania is suffering from low levels of economic development and political instability, which have led to impaired provision of basic health care. With 40% of the population under age 15 years, Albania is experiencing a high rate of natural increase and a high but falling birth rate. In January 1992, Albania legalized abortion for women over age 16 years who are less than 12 weeks pregnant. Women outside of these parameters must face a special commission to obtain an abortion. In the first quarter of 1992, there were 0.8 births/abortion. Rapidly deteriorating conditions in maternity homes and women's hospitals are characterized by a lack of anaesthetic, reuse of equipment including needles, and failure to change sheets between patients. There is little access to contraception or sex education, especially for poor women. Child care facilities are being closed as factories shut down and private individuals reclaim the villas used by the government as child care centers. Albanian children suffer from a very high incidence of viral hepatitis, diarrheal disease (with no production of oral rehydration salts in the country), and parasitoses. In rural areas, one nurse serves two or three villages, most births take place in single-roomed homes which lack disinfectants, and people suffer from poor nutrition caused by lack of access to food. Access to water is also limited and available only on a strict timetable. Current conditions in Albania make it dangerous for women to walk abroad at night alone. In addition, the number of traffic accidents is increasing, as are incidences of domestic burglary.