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"Cortada, James W"
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Viewing Corporations as Information Ecosystems: The Case of IBM, 1914–1980s
Corporations can be viewed as large information ecosystems, not more narrowly as corporate entities, and the author uses the example of IBM to defend this point. This essay illustrates issues and topics that can be studied to enhance understanding of corporate history, building on prior methods used by scholars. It builds on research the author performed in writing a history of IBM from the 1880s to the present.
Journal Article
The Essential Manager
<p>This book will help managers thrive in the ever-evolving workplace.</p> <p>Many managers are poorly equipped to succeed in the years to come because their knowledge base is too narrow and the environment they must operate in is becoming too complex. They are fed insights and facts on ever-narrow topics at work, through business publications, and often at university. Their world is becoming so complex that they need to broaden their appreciation for how business is evolving in ways that are normally considered. The primary objective of this book is to make readers—primarily managers—aware of the critical features of the evolving workplace in which they must succeed. A second objective is to define many of the behavioral attributes managers need to thrive in the evolving environment described in the book.</p> <p>Some other important objectives that will optimize the role of managers in the present and future workplace are included such as:</p> <ul> <li>Discusses the evolution of management as a profession over the past two decades and how it is continuing to evolve</li> </ul> <ul> <li>Presents a new management style and makes recommendations for what today’s managers must know and how to work</li> </ul> <ul> <li>Relying on history and observations of current trends, this book describes the context in which we work and the obvious and some not-so obvious implications, making recommendations on how management should function</li> </ul> <ul> <li>Offers ways to think about your role as manager so that you can optimize your effectiveness in what many consider to be rather turbulent and uncertain changes in the profession of management</li> </ul> <p>Cortada utilizes his breadth of managerial experience to define the needs of the current and future workplace that are constantly reshaping due to economic globalization and the cumulative effects of the infusion of digital technologies and telecommunications.</p>
eBook
IBM : the rise and fall and reinvention of a global icon
This is a history of IBM, a huge multinational firm, from its origins in the 1880s to the present. It demonstrates that this supplier of computers, software and information technology services played a profound role in shaping how other large organizations and economies evolved in the twentieth century. It describes its strategies, expansions, how various parts of the company collaborated and competed within the firm overcoming problems, a nearly fatal period in the early 1990s, and its recurring revivals and successes. The book is unique for several reasons. First, it is a comprehensive volume covering technologies, managerial actions, strategies, sales, the role of customers, and government regulatory and legal issues. Second, it is the only history that covers the post 1980 period down to 2018. (The last major history of IBM was published in the early 1990s.) Third, its emphasis on the role of corporate and sales culture is unique among books concerning IBM. Fourth, this book provides the greatest amount of detail available today about IBM's role in Western and Eastern Europe. The book is also unique because the author brings to the project several perspectives: that of an employee close to much of the critical events of one-third of the company's history, that of a trained historian, and that of an experienced student of the history of computing in business. Thus, he is able to integrate the entire history of the company from its origins to the present, demonstrating, for example, legacies of a prior era still evident in today's company, an ability to connect IBM's behaviors in each decade to those of other large multinational corporations, and to the computing activities of its many thousands of customers-- Provided by publisher.
Book
Change and Continuity at IBM: Key Themes in Histories of IBM
IBM has been the subject of considerable study by historians, economists, business management professors, and journalists. This essay surveys the various writings on the company, placing their contributions in a roughly chronological account of the company's history, from its early days in tabulating through to its dominance of global markets in computing. The essay includes well-known studies of IBM in addition to more obscure accounts. It emphasizes the need to consider the company's culture along with its technological and managerial changes in order to grasp the reasons for its longevity.
Journal Article
All the facts : a history of information in the United States since 1870
\"All the Facts presents a history of the role of information in the United States since 1870, when the nation began a nearly 150-year period of economic prosperity and technological and scientific transformations. James Cortada argues that citizens and their institutions used information extensively as tools to augment their work and private lives and that they used facts to help shape how the nation evolved during these fourteen decades. He argues that information's role has long been a critical component of the work, play, culture, and values of this nation, and no more so than during the twentieth century when its function in society expanded dramatically. While elements of this story have been examined by thousands of scholars---such as the role of radio, newspapers, books, computers, and the Internet, about such institutions as education, big business, expanded roles of governments from town administration to the state house, from agriculture to the services and information industries---All the Facts looks at all of these elements holistically, providing a deeper insight into the way the United States evolved over time. An introduction and 11 chapters describe what this information ecosystem looked like, how it evolved, and how it was used. For another vast layer of information about this subject the reader is directed to the detailed bibliographic essay in the back of this book. It includes a narrative history, case studies in the form of sidebars, and stories illustrating key points. Readers will find, for example, the story of how the US postal system helped create today's information society, along with everything from books and newspapers to TV, computers, and the Internet. The build-up to what many today call the Information Age took a long time to achieve and continues to build momentum. The implications for the world, and not just for the United States, are as profound as any mega-trend one could identify in the history of humankind. All the Facts presents this development thoroughly in an easy-to-digest format that any lover of history, technology, or the history of information and business will enjoy\"-- Provided by publisher.
Book
The Digital Hand, Vol 1
This book chronicles how sixteen American industries in the manufacturing, transportation, wholesale, and retail sectors have used computers since 1950. It explores the role this technology played, how it changed the work done, and the effects on companies, industries, and the American economy. It argues that what was done within industries was fundamentally changed by the massive use of all manner of information technologies and telecommunications, creating a new digital style of working by the end of the 20th century. The book's findings are based on extensive research and it is organized by chapters describing what happened, one industry after another. This is a business history, not a history of technology.
eBook
Inside IBM : lessons of a corporate culture in action
\"On August 19, 2019, the Business Roundtable released a statement signed by 181 CEOs announcing that they would lead their companies for the benefit of customers, employees, suppliers, communities, and shareholders. To many current corporate employees and their management this was a revelation, because during their time shareholder values dominated the priorities of senior corporate executives. As readers will learn, American corporations-many members of the Business Roundtable-decades ago had functioned profitably, operating with a larger variety of stakeholders in mind. IBM was one such company. Yet as successful as this company was in serving multiple stakeholders, it was unable to sustain that way of managing. It too faltered, tempted into the world of financial acrobatics and interested only in prioritizing the interests of stockholders. This book provides a bottom-up look at IBM's corporate and material cultures and how they shifted from older stakeholder models to modern shareholder priorities, and how the company thrived in some ways and declined in others. Drawing on stories and case studies from employees, their families, and the communities they served, Cortada aims to show how IBM's organizational culture evolved, and decayed, and provide lessons companies can use to rebuild that older stakeholder capitalist model\"-- Provided by publisher.
Book
Gaining historical perspective on political fact-checking : the experience of the United States
Objective. This paper provides an historical perspective on the wide use of fake facts in modem American society, and the efforts of librarians, journalists, and others to semtinize public discourse as well as printed and online materials in order to differentiate fake facts from tmth. Residís. The paper identifies six historical factors that influenced both the belief in tmth as a value and the ability to carry out these evaluations: (1) the rise in various kinds of literacy and numeracy; (2) expansion of data-driven government; (3) the rise of scientific and social science research; (4) an expanding progressive sentiment to address social problems; (5) the transformation of the media to become fact-driven; and (6) the creation of a data and computing infrastmeture robust enough to handle real-world problems. All six factors were in effect, at least in an incipient form, by the end of the nineteenth century.
Journal Article