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Climate-driven expansions of ocean hypoxic zones are predicted to concentrate pelagic fish in oxygenated surface layers, but how expanding hypoxia and fisheries will interact to affect threatened pelagic sharks remains unknown. Here, analysis of satellite-tracked blue sharks and environmental modelling in the eastern tropical Atlantic oxygen minimum zone (OMZ) shows shark maximum dive depths decreased due to combined effects of decreasing dissolved oxygen (DO) at depth, high sea surface temperatures, and increased surface-layer net primary production. Multiple factors associated with climate-driven deoxygenation contributed to blue shark vertical habitat compression, potentially increasing their vulnerability to surface fisheries. Greater intensity of longline fishing effort occurred above the OMZ compared to adjacent waters. Higher shark catches were associated with strong DO gradients, suggesting potential aggregation along suitable DO gradients contributed to habitat compression and higher fishing-induced mortality. Fisheries controls to counteract deoxygenation effects on shark catches will be needed as oceans continue warming.

This paper presents, discusses and illustrates the direction of functionalist research in its latest orientation, in a dialogue with cognitive studies. As a result of this interrelation, we highlight the constructional approach to grammar, when it emphasizes the pairing function x form, which marks the linguistic expressions. Besides pointing out the theoretical and methodological gains that such dialogue has brought to the Functionalism, this article also refers to the specificities of both theoretical aspects and necessary adjustments in order to develop research from this view. The treatment of grammar in the holistic perspective and accuracy in detecting properties of meaning and structures which mark the linguistic usages are considered positive and promising biases of functionalist research in a constructional approach.

Background Understanding the movement ecology of marine megaplanktivores is essential for conserving these ecologically significant species and managing their responses to environmental change. While telemetry has advanced our knowledge of filter-feeding mammal migrations, the annual movement patterns of large filter-feeding sharks, such as basking sharks ( Cetorhinus maximus ), remain poorly understood. This is particularly the case near their high latitude range limits where climate impacts are intensifying. In this study, we deployed pop-up satellite archival tags (PSATs) on C. maximus in northern Norway to investigate individual movement patterns and possible environmental drivers over an entire annual cycle. Results Geolocated tracks from two females revealed contrasting migration strategies: one shark performed a return migration spending boreal winter close to the Azores, while the other resided north of the Arctic Circle until January before moving to the North Sea in spring. Across these diverse habitats, both sharks utilized a wide thermal range. This included previously unrecorded short-term exposures to sub-zero temperatures, extending the known thermal tolerance of the species. High-resolution time series data from recovered PSATs enabled the use of advanced signal processing and gradient-based filtering techniques to investigate vertical movement patterns in relation to the physical and biological environment. In oceanic habitats, elevated use of the mesopelagic was observed together with diel vertical migration, whereas in shelf areas depth-use patterns were confined by topography and more variable, reflective of more dynamic hydrographic conditions and prey distributions. With zooplankton distributions being structured by ambient light, density gradients, and local topography, the alignment of frequented depths with isolumes, mixed layer depths, bathymetric contours, and bioluminescence events suggests these sharks actively track prey layers across diverse habitats. Conclusions Recorded eurythermy and behavioural plasticity suggest C. maximus to be well-adapted to dynamic ocean conditions. These traits may be critical for responding to the rapid climate-driven changes in the abiotic and biotic environments in high-latitudes, providing insights into how these endangered filter-feeders might navigate shifting ecosystems. Graphical Abstract

Global climate‐driven ocean warming has decreased dissolved oxygen (DO) levels (ocean deoxygenation) leading to expansions of hypoxic zones, which will affect the movements, behaviour, physiology and distributions of marine animals. However, the precise responses of animals to low DO remains poorly understood because movements and activity levels are seldom recorded alongside instantaneous DO in situ. We describe a new animal‐attached (dissolved oxygen measuring, DOME) archival tag with an optical oxygen sensor for recording DO, in addition to sensors for temperature and depth, a triaxial accelerometer for fine‐scale movements and activity, and a GPS for tag recovery. All sensors were integrated on a single electronic board. Calibration tests demonstrated small mean difference between DOME tag and factory‐calibrated DO sensors (mean relative error of 5%). No temporal drift occurred over a test period three times longer than the maximum deployment time. Deployments on four blue sharks (Prionace glauca) in the central North Atlantic Ocean showed regular vertical oscillations from the surface to a maximum of 404 m. Profiles from diving sharks recorded DO concentrations ranging from 217 to 272 μmol L−1, temperatures between 13°C and 23°C, and identified an oxygen maximum at ~45 m depth, all of which were consistent with ship‐based measurements. Interestingly, the percentage of time sharks spent burst swimming was greater in the top 85 m compared to deeper depths, potentially because of higher prey availability in the surface layer. The DOME tag described blue shark fine‐scale movements and activity levels in relation to accurately measured in situ DO and temperature, with the potential to offer new insights of animal performance in low oxygen environments. Development of a tag with physico‐chemical and movement sensors on a single electronic board is a first step towards satellite relay of these data over broader spatiotemporal scales (months over thousands of kilometres) to determine direct and indirect responses of marine animals to heatwave and deoxygenation events.

This paper presents, discusses and illustrates the direction of functionalist research in its latest orientation, in a dialogue with cognitive studies. As a result of this interrelation, we highlight the constructional approach to grammar, when it emphasizes the pairing function x form, which marks the linguistic expressions. Besides pointing out the theoretical and methodological gains that such dialogue has brought to the Functionalism, his article also refers to the specificities of both theoretical aspects and necessary adjustments in order to develop research from this view. The treatment of grammar in the holistic perspective and accuracy in detecting properties of meaning and structures which mark the linguistic usages are considered positive and promising biases of functionalist research in a constructional approach.

Objetivo:  avaliar  o  processo  de  sedação  e  analgesia  em  pacientes sob  ventilação  mecânica  invasiva  (VMI).  Método:  estudo  transversal,  observacional, realizado de setembro de 2014 a fevereiro de 2015 na UTI de uma instituição de ensino de Goiânia/GO. A amostra foi constituída de 30 pacientes maiores de 18 anos, intubados e  sedados  há  mais  de  24  horas  (protocolo  no.  763.827/2014).  Resultados:  foram utilizadasanalgesia e sedação contínua e intermitente, sendo o fentanil e o dormonid as drogas   mais  usadas.  Discussão:  o  tratamento  padrão  entre   pacientes  críticos   e submetidos à VMI foi a sedação contínua, administrada devido à ansiedade, para facilitar cuidado  da  equipe  de  enfermagem.  A  principal  indicação  para  sedação  foi  a manutenção de VMI. Conclusão: falta padronização das condutas no manejo da sedação. Recomenda-se a elaboração de protocolos com atuação da equipe multiprofissional.

Introdução:O exercício físico tende a aumentar as células endoteliais progenitoras (EPCs) na circulação sanguínea. Estas células, constituídas por varias populações, promovem o aparecimento de novos vasos, quer por angiogénese, quer por neovascularização. Assim, podemos assumir que a vascularização aumenta com a prática de exercício físico. Estudos recentes mostram que inibidores de COX-­‐2 são capazes de inibir a actividade de EPCs e, por tanto, originar uma diminuição do aparecimento e/ou ramificação de novos vasos. Este estudo pretende provar que o ibuprofeno, como inibidor da via das ciclooxigenases, consegue diminuir a vascularização no músculo solear.Metodos:Quatro grupos de ratos Wistar foram submetidos a treino continuado, aérobio, em passadeira rolante, ao longo de oito semanas. De seguida foram retiradas amostras de sangue e os músculos solear. As amostras de tecido foram submetidas a analises moleculares e histológicas, enquanto que as amostras de sangue foram utilizadas para estudo das células progenitoras do endotélio (EPCs) e quantificação de VEGF. As EPCs foram analisadas por citometria de fluxo, utilizando os marcadores CD34, CD133, CD146 e KDR. As concentrações plasmáticas de VEGF foram determinadas por ELISA. Amostras de tecido muscular permitiram a quantificação das fibras musculares tipo I e II, bem como o calculo da razão capilar/fibra.Resultados:Verificámos que com exercício a massa corporal aumentou a cima de todos outros grupos, enquanto que o grupo de exercício com administração de ibuprofeno apresentou valores bastante abaixo dos outros grupos. Pode observar-­‐se também, que, não só houve um aumento de comida ingerida pelo grupo com exercício e uma diminuição no caso do grupo exercício com administração de ibuprofeno. O teste de performance efectuado após o treino mostrou menor eficácia no grupo que consumiu ibuprofeno. As análises ao plasma sanguíneo revelaram que nos grupos de exercício existiu um aumento de VEGF e diminuição dos valores de células KDR+, CD146+ em circulação, o que se reflectiu num aumento da razão fibra/capilar. Já no grupo de exercício com administração de ibuprofeno, existiu uma diminuição de VEGF e um aumento do nível de células KDR+, CD146+, CD133+ e CD34+ em circulação, o que se correlacionou com a diminuição da razão capilar/fibra, quando comparado com o grupo de exercício.Conclusão:Não só o exercício físico revela uma maior activação de EPCs na corrente sanguínea, como o ibuprofeno parece ter a capacidade de inibir a actividade de vascularização dessas células, impedindo que as EPCs circulantes atinjam a diferenciação em células endoteliais maturas(EC), obrigando-­‐as a permanecer na corrente sanguínea por longos períodos de tempo. Acresce o facto de a diminuição da vascularização se correlacionar com uma menor quantidade de fibras tipo I e uma diminuição na performance após treino.

RESUMO Este artigo apresenta, discute e exemplifica os rumos da pesquisa funcionalista em sua orientação mais recente, no diálogo com os estudos cognitivistas. Fruto dessa interrelação, destaca-se a abordagem construcional da gramática, na ênfase do pareamento função x forma que marca as expressões linguísticas. Além de apontar os ganhos teórico-metodológicos que tal diálogo tem trazido no âmbito do Funcionalismo, o artigo faz referência também às especificidades de ambas as vertentes teóricas e aos ajustes necessários a fim de que possam ser desenvolvidas pesquisas nessa interface. O tratamento da gramática em perspectiva holística e o rigor na detecção de propriedades de sentido e estrutura que marcam os usos linguísticos são considerados vieses positivos e promissores da pesquisa funcionalista de abordagem construcional. ABSTRACT This paper presents, discusses and exemplifies the direction of the functionalist research in its most recent orientation, in its dialogue with cognitive studies. As a result of this interrelation, we highlight the constructional approach to grammar, emphasizing the function x form pairing, which marks the linguistic expressions. Besides pointing out the theoretical and methodological gains that such dialogue has brought to Functionalism, this article also refers to the specificities of both theoretical approaches and to necessary adjustments to enable researches in this interface. The treatment of grammar in a holistic perspective and the strictness in detecting properties of meaning and structures, which mark linguistic usages, are considered positive and promising biases of functionalist research in a constructional approach.

This paper presents, discusses and illustrates the direction of functionalist research in its latest orientation, in a dialogue with cognitive studies. As a result of this interrelation, we highlight the constructional approach to grammar, when it emphasizes the pairing function x form, which marks the linguistic expressions. Besides pointing out the theoretical and methodological gains that such dialogue has brought to the Functionalism, his article also refers to the specificities of both theoretical aspects and necessary adjustments in order to develop research from this view. The treatment of grammar in the holistic perspective and accuracy in detecting properties of meaning and structures which mark the linguistic usages are considered positive and promising biases of functionalist research in a constructional approach. KEYWORDS: Functionalism. Constructionalization. Constructional change. Cognition. Este artigo apresenta, discute e exemplifica os rumos da pesquisa funcionalista em sua orientacao mais recente, no dialogo com os estudos cognitivistas. Fruto dessa interrelacao, destaca-se a abordagem construcional da gramatica, na enfase do pareamento funcao x forma que marca as expressoes linguisticas. Alem de apontar os ganhos teorico-metodologicos que tal dialogo tem trazido no ambito do Funcionalismo, o artigo faz referencia tambem as especificidades de ambas as vertentes teoricas e aos ajustes necessarios a fim de que possam ser desenvolvidas pesquisas nessa interface. O tratamento da gramatica em perspectiva holistica e o rigor na deteccao de propriedades de sentido e estrutura que marcam os usos linguisticos sao considerados vieses positivos e promissores da pesquisa funcionalista de abordagem construcional. PALAVRAS-CHAVE: Funcionalismo. Construcionalizacao. Mudanca construcional. Cognitivismo.