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التدريب المعرفي أساس لمدارس النهضة
هذا الكتاب يصحب القارئ في رحلة فكرية (وعاطفية) متعمقة تتخللها رحلات جانبية عديدة مثيرة للاهتمام وتتاح خلالها فرص بديعة لجمع الأفكار على أوسع نطاق فضلا عن أن بعض الممارسات العملية التي تتم أثناء الرحلة ولكن مع كل هذا فالوجهة المقصودة محددة تماما إذ يتمتع مشرفو الرحلة بمعرفة التضاريس معرفة فائقة إضافة إلى التزامهم العاطفي بها وكل قارئ يشارك في هذه الرحلة لابد وأن يشعر بالانتعاش.
BOOK
Theoretical analysis of self-similar crack propagation along viscoelastic and elasto–viscoplastic interface in a double cantilever beam test
As well as most polymer materials, adhesives generally exhibit significant viscous behaviour over a wide temperature range. However, strain rate sensitivity, relaxation or creep phenomena are rarely explicitly considered when crack propagation phenomena along adhesively bonded joints are involved. In the present contribution, a detailed analysis of crack propagation along viscoelastic and elasto–viscoplastic interface in a double cantilever beam (DCB) test is proposed. The Nishihara Model is used for modelling the interface separation mechanical response. Assuming self-similar crack propagation regime, a Eulerian representation can be used to simplify the resolution of the constitutive equations which control the stress/strain distribution along the fracture process zone (FPZ) combined with a finite difference resolution technique to evaluate adhesive strain/stress evolution along the bondline. Parametric analysis is then proposed to evaluate the relation between crack propagation conditions and the interface rate-dependent behaviour.
Journal Article
Brake : seconds to live : a nation to save
Jeremy Reins wakes up in a cramped space with the only light coming from the digital numbers ticking away above his head. Confused and disoriented with no one answering his cries for help, he suddenly hears an engine rev and his predicament becomes clear: he's trapped in the trunk of a moving car. As his captors reveal themselves, Jeremy realizes he won't be set free until he gives up the whereabouts of a secret location where the U.S. President is taken in the event of a terrorist attack.
DVD
Likelihood analysis of the pMSSM11 in light of LHC 13-TeV data
We use MasterCode to perform a frequentist analysis of the constraints on a phenomenological MSSM model with 11 parameters, the pMSSM11, including constraints from ∼36/fb of LHC data at 13 TeV and PICO, XENON1T and PandaX-II searches for dark matter scattering, as well as previous accelerator and astrophysical measurements, presenting fits both with and without the (g-2)μ constraint. The pMSSM11 is specified by the following parameters: 3 gaugino masses M1,2,3, a common mass for the first-and second-generation squarks mq~ and a distinct third-generation squark mass mq~3, a common mass for the first-and second-generation sleptons mℓ~ and a distinct third-generation slepton mass mτ~, a common trilinear mixing parameter A, the Higgs mixing parameter μ, the pseudoscalar Higgs mass MA and tanβ. In the fit including (g-2)μ, a Bino-like χ~10 is preferred, whereas a Higgsino-like χ~10 is mildly favoured when the (g-2)μ constraint is dropped. We identify the mechanisms that operate in different regions of the pMSSM11 parameter space to bring the relic density of the lightest neutralino, χ~10, into the range indicated by cosmological data. In the fit including (g-2)μ, coannihilations with χ~20 and the Wino-like χ~1± or with nearly-degenerate first- and second-generation sleptons are active, whereas coannihilations with the χ~20 and the Higgsino-like χ~1± or with first- and second-generation squarks may be important when the (g-2)μ constraint is dropped. In the two cases, we present χ2 functions in two-dimensional mass planes as well as their one-dimensional profile projections and best-fit spectra. Prospects remain for discovering strongly-interacting sparticles at the LHC, in both the scenarios with and without the (g-2)μ constraint, as well as for discovering electroweakly-interacting sparticles at a future linear e+e- collider such as the ILC or CLIC.
Journal Article
Thermography to explore plant–environment interactions
Stomatal regulation is a key determinant of plant photosynthesis and water relations, influencing plant survival, adaptation, and growth. Stomata sense the surrounding environment and respond rapidly to abiotic and biotic stresses. Stomatal conductance to water vapour (g s) and/or transpiration (E) are therefore valuable physiological parameters to be monitored in plant and agricultural sciences. However, leaf gas exchange measurements involve contact with leaves and often interfere with leaf functioning. Besides, they are time consuming and are limited by the sampling characteristics (e.g. sample size and/or the high number of samples required). Remote and rapid means to assess g s or E are thus particularly valuable for physiologists, agronomists, and ecologists. Transpiration influences the leaf energy balance and, consequently, leaf temperature (T leaf). As a result, thermal imaging makes it possible to estimate or quantify g s and E. Thermal imaging has been successfully used in a wide range of conditions and with diverse plant species. The technique can be applied at different scales (e.g. from single seedlings/leaves through whole trees or field crops to regions), providing great potential to study plant–environment interactions and specific phenomena such as abnormal stomatal closure, genotypic variation in stress tolerance, and the impact of different management strategies on crop water status. Nevertheless, environmental variability (e.g. in light intensity, temperature, relative humidity, wind speed) affects the accuracy of thermal imaging measurements. This review presents and discusses the advantages of thermal imaging applications to plant science, agriculture, and ecology, as well as its limitations and possible approaches to minimize them, by highlighting examples from previous and ongoing research.
Journal Article
How is quality of life defined and assessed in published research?
Purpose
To ensure clarity in communication in the field of quality of life research, and meaningful use of ‘quality of life’ as a research outcome, requires two things: awareness that there is a range of conceptualisations and definitions of ‘quality of life’, and for any particular study, consistency between the way the term is defined and operationalised in that setting. We aimed to identify how frequently research articles described (HR)QOL as a construct of interest, how frequently they referred to “patient-reported outcome (measures)”, which patient-reported outcome measures were used, and how (HR)QOL was defined.
Methods
We reviewed all
Quality of Life Research
articles published in 2017 and recorded whether they described
health-related quality of life
or
quality of life
as constructs of interest, and/or mentioned the term(s)
patient-reported outcome
(
measures
). We recorded definitions of (HR)QOL stated and questionnaires used. We classified articles according to constructs assessed and instruments used, and examined whether articles citing the same definition used the same questionnaires.
Results
We reviewed 300 articles; 65% stated that (HR)QOL was a construct of interest, 27% mentioned patient-reported outcome (measures), and 20% mentioned neither. Fifty-one articles provided definitions of (HR)QOL, citing 66 sources, with 11 definitions cited more than once. PROMIS, SF, EQ-5D, and EORTC instruments were the most commonly used. The only definition and questionnaire consistently used together were the WHO definitions/instruments.
Conclusion
These results demonstrate considerable heterogeneity in the definition and operationalisation of (HR)QOL, between and within studies. This limits meaningful interpretation of (HR)QOL scores and complicates literature searches. Investigators should define constructs and select instruments aligned with their definitions.
Journal Article
Assessing the detection of floating plastic litter with advanced remote sensing technologies in a hydrodynamic test facility
Remote sensing technologies have the potential to support monitoring of floating plastic litter in aquatic environments. An experimental campaign was carried out in a large-scale hydrodynamic test facility to explore the detectability of floating plastics in ocean waves, comparing and contrasting different microwave and optical remote sensing technologies. The extensive experiments revealed that detection of plastics was feasible with microwave measurement techniques using X and Ku-bands with VV polarization at a plastic threshold concentration of 1 item/m
2
or 1–10 g/m
2
. The optical measurements further revealed that spectral and polarization properties in the visible and infrared spectrum had diagnostic information unique to the floating plastics. This assessment presents a crucial step towards enabling the detection of aquatic plastics using advanced remote sensing technologies. We demonstrate that remote sensing has the potential for global targeting of plastic litter hotspots, which is needed for supporting effective clean-up efforts and scientific evidence-based policy making.
Journal Article
Invasion and high-elevation acclimation of the red imported fire ant, Solenopsis invicta, in the southern Blue Ridge Escarpment region of North America
The red imported fire ant (Solenopsis invicta) is a non-native invasive species that rapidly spread northward in the United States after its introduction from South America in the 1930s. Researchers predicted that the northward spread of this invasive ant would be limited by cold temperatures with increased latitude and greater elevation in the Blue Ridge Escarpment region of the United States. The presence of S. invicta at relatively high elevations north of their projected limits suggests greater cold tolerance than previously predicted; however, these populations might be ephemeral indications of strong dispersal abilities. In this study, we investigated potential physiological adaptations of S. invicta that would indicate acclimation to high elevation environments. We hypothesized that if S. invicta colonies can persist in colder climates than where they originated, we would find gradients in S. invicta worker cold tolerance along a montane elevational gradient. We also predicted that higher elevation S. invicta ants might incur greater physiological costs to persist in the colder climate, so we measured colony lipid content to assess health status. For comparison, we also collected physiological temperature tolerance data for the co-occurring dominant native woodland ant Aphaenogaster picea. We found that S. invicta occurring at higher elevations exhibited greater physiological tolerance for cold temperatures as compared to lower-elevation conspecifics-a cold tolerance pattern that paralleled of the native A. picea ants along the same gradient. Both S. invicta and A. picea similarly exhibited lower thermal tolerances for colder temperatures when moving up the elevational gradient, with A. picea consistently exhibiting a lower thermal tolerance overall. There was no change in S. invicta colony lipid content with elevation, suggesting that greater metabolic rates were not needed to sustain these ants at high elevations.
Journal Article
Numerical and Experimental Analysis of the ZFC Heat Release from a YBCO Bulk and Validation of YBCO Thermal Parameters
This article presents results from a simple experimental methodology used to determine the amount of heat transferred from an yttrium barium copper oxide (YBCO) bulk to liquid nitrogen (LN2) and LN2 consumption during the process of zero-field cooling (ZFC). The thermal power can be determined from the YBCO bulk temperature variation, which is difficult to measure with accuracy. In this procedure, the thermal power from the YBCO bulk to LN2 is determined from the measured rate of LN2 evaporation, considering the LN2 latent heat. To reduce the influence of room temperature heating and make the LN2 mass variation depend as much as possible on the heat released from the YBCO bulk, a step transient from room temperature into the LN2 is performed. The precision of results is determined from the rate of LN2 evaporation due to room temperature heating with the bulk already cooled by ZFC. The temperature evolution at the bulk lateral surface where the heat transfer is higher is also measured. The results from experimental measurements are compared with 3D finite element analysis (FEA) numerical results. The obtained evolutions of the temperature and thermal power from the YBCO bulk are used to validate YBCO thermal parameters, such as thermal conductivity and specific heat capacity at constant pressure. The YBCO bulk equivalent heat capacity and thermal resistance are determined by analyzing the equivalent first-order thermal lumped parameter circuit based on the obtained evolutions in time of the YBCO temperature and heat transferred to the LN2. The characteristics of dependence of the YBCO thermal resistance and heat capacity with temperature are obtained by correlating their time evolutions with the bulk average temperature evolution in time. The YBCO-specific heat capacity at constant pressure is then calculated by dividing the obtained bulk heat capacity by the bulk mass. The YBCO thermal conductivity is calculated from the obtained thermal resistance considering an equivalent bulk section and length toward the main direction of heat flux.
Journal Article
One night of sleep deprivation decreases treadmill endurance performance
The aim was to test the hypothesis that one night of sleep deprivation will impair pre-loaded 30 min endurance performance and alter the cardio-respiratory, thermoregulatory and perceptual responses to exercise. Eleven males completed two randomised trials separated by 7 days: once after normal sleep (496 (18) min: CON) and once following 30 h without sleep (SDEP). After 30 h participants performed a 30 min pre-load at 60%
followed by a 30 min self-paced treadmill distance test. Speed, RPE, core temperature (
T
re
), mean skin temperature (
T
sk
), heart rate (HR) and respiratory parameters (
,
,
, RER pre-load only) were measured. Less distance (
P
= 0.016,
d
= 0.23) was covered in the distance test after SDEP (6037 (759) 95%CI 5527 to 6547 m) compared with CON (6224 (818) 95%CI 5674 to 6773 m). SDEP did not significantly alter
T
re
at rest or thermoregulatory responses during the pre-load including heat storage (0.8°C) and
T
sk
. With the exception of raised
at 30 min on the pre-load, cardio-respiratory parameters, RPE and speed were not different between trials during the pre-load or distance test (distance test mean HR, CON 174 (12), SDEP 170 (13) beats min
−1
: mean RPE, CON 14.8 (2.7), SDEP 14.9 (2.6)). In conclusion, one night of sleep deprivation decreased endurance performance with limited effect on pacing, cardio-respiratory or thermoregulatory function. Despite running less distance after sleep deprivation compared with control, participants’ perception of effort was similar indicating that altered perception of effort may account for decreased endurance performance after a night without sleep.
Journal Article