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Over the two last decades, whole-body cryotherapy/cryostimulation (WBC) has emerged as an exciting non-pharmacological treatment influencing inflammatory events at a cellular and physiological level, which can result in improved sleep quality, faster neuromuscular recovery after high-intensity exercise, and chronic pain relief for patients suffering different types of diseases (fibromyalgia, rheumatism, arthritis). Some evidence even suggests that WBC has benefits on mental health (depression, anxiety disorders) and cognitive functions in both adults and older adults, due to increased circulating BDNF levels. Recently, some safety concerns have been expressed by influential public health authorities (e.g., FDA, INSERM) based on reports from patients who developed adverse events upon or following WBC treatment. However, part of the data used to support these claims involved individuals whose entire body (except head) was exposed to extreme cold vaporized liquid nitrogen while standing in a narrow bathtub. Such a procedure is known as partial-body cryotherapy (PBC), and is often erroneously mistaken to be whole-body cryotherapy. Although having similarities in terms of naming and pursued aims, these two approaches are fundamentally different. The present article reviews the available literature on the main safety concerns associated with the use of true whole-body cryotherapy. English- and French-language reports of empirical studies including case reports, case series, and randomized controlled trials (RCTs) were identified through searches of PubMed, Scopus, Cochrane, and Web of Science electronic databases. Five case reports and two RCTs were included for a total of 16 documented adverse events (AEs). A critical in-depth evaluation of these AEs (type, severity, context of onset, participant’s medical background, follow-up) is proposed and used to illustrate that WBC-related safety risks are within acceptable limits and can be proactively prevented by adhering to existing recommendations, contraindications, and commonsense guidelines.

Digitalisation is seen to have contributed to the demise of 50% of the Fortune 500 companies since 2000. The large electric motor segment is not immune to this changing business landscape and must evolve to survive. This sector is experiencing declining revenues as traditional hardware‐sales‐focused business models have proved inadequate to address a reduction in profitability. New business models that exploit new digital value streams are to leverage the value from emerging technologies of the Industrial Internet of Things, Big Data and the associated emerging predictive analytics. These can be optimised via Cloud Computing and delivered utilising Platform as a Service software solutions to reduce cost and support scalability. The missing link in the justification chain for the installation of digitalisation packages on large electric motors is a model to determine if and which package sections return the most customer value and, therefore, sales opportunities for the supplier. In this context, this paper introduces the concept of the smart electric motor. The focus is on the oil and gas industry, where digitalisation is already deeply engrained in practice and shows how risk‐based decisions can deliver a profitable project through new business models and digitalised solutions to reinvigorate this traditional industry.

This research focuses on the evaluation of factors in the design of a static mixer crystallizer to induce crystallization in supersaturated brine streams. Current brine management systems are unsatisfactory in inland contexts, limiting the economic feasibility of inland desalination. For inland desalination to become feasible it is essential for water recovery to increase and the cost of brine disposal to be reduced. Inducing crystallization in brine works towards both those problems by removing salts, allowing the brine solution to be filtered again. The static mixer investigated in this work has the potential to be energy and cost efficient without the need for chemical additions. To evaluate design parameters, brine solutions are modeled by mixing two solutions together to create a supersaturated solution that is pumped through the static mixer. The resulting turbidities, solids in solution, and calcium ion concentrations are then measured. Factors evaluated include the shape of the 3-d printed mixer inserts, material of mixer inserts, nominal residence time, and diameter and length of the static mixer. The results show that one shape, rotelle, performs worse than the other three shapes, and suggest that one material, polyethylene terephthalate glycol, performs better than the other two evaluated. However, high variability and lack of reproducibility in results limited the conclusions that can be drawn from the data. As a result of this variability, much of the focus of this research is on developing an improved experimental procedure and methodology. Future work using this improved procedure is needed to fully evaluate all the design parameters.

\"You could see the need for more analog and mixed-signal design muscle a decade ago because consumer electronics is all about I/O. It's the iPod again. People love the T - it's easy to load. And they love the 'O' - it's easy to use. And you've got to put all that together. But you've also seen low power move off the fringes. And I think for both, the driver there has initially been mobile comms,\" [Joe Costello] says.

\"CEOs face some big challenges: globalization, the accelerating pace of innovation, increased regulation, intensifying competition, a shaky global economy, geopolitical instability and a shortage of skilled talent, to name a few.

Joe Costello CEO, Enlighted Inc. \"CEOs face some big challenges: globalization, the accelerating pace of innovation, increased regulation, intensifying competition, a shaky global economy, geopolitical instability and a shortage of skilled talent, to name a few.

  Beginning with members of missionary congregations and charities, and joined in recent decades by representatives of non-governmental organisations, thousands of Irish volunteers have travelled from Ireland to use their skills in the service of others. Today volunteering is a central feature of development co-operation and is underpinned by principles such as partnership, skill-sharing and mutual learning. The school is an excellent example of the impact that can be achieved as a result of long- term development interventions which have benefited from volunteerism. Through working with local resources, building local people's capacity and strengthening local systems, the impact of the volunteering approach has been maximised and sustainability assured. \"Fragile states\" explicitly implies countries where the national government cannot, or will not, deliver core functions to the majority of its people. Ireland will work in partnership with these countries in building capacity to construct robust structures that can provide good governance.