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"Cowen, David"
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Alexander Hamilton, Central Banker: Crisis Management during the U.S. Financial Panic of 1792
Most scholars know little about the panic of 1792, America's first financial market crash, during which securities prices dropped nearly 25 percent in two weeks. Treasury Secretary Alexander Hamilton adroitly intervened to stem the crisis, minimizing its effect on the nascent nation's fragile economic and political systems. U.S. policymakers soon forgot the crisis-management techniques Hamilton invented but failed to codify. Many of them were later rediscovered and became theoretical and practical standards of modern central-bank crisis management. Hamilton, for example, formulated and implemented “Bagehot's rules” for central-bank crisis management eight decades before Walter Bagehot wrote about them in Lombard Street.
Journal Article
Financial Integration in Asia: Recent Developments and Next Steps
This Working Paper brings together three papers prepared as background for discussions at the Second High-Level Conference on Asian Integration cohosted by the Monetary Authority of Singapore and the IMF on May 25, 2006. The first documents recent trends in the intraregional flow of goods and capital and explores linkages between real and financial integration. The second focuses on the institutional and regulatory reforms needed to reap the benefits-and contain the risks-of financial integration in Asia. The third considers the implications of economic integration for the choice of the exchange rate regime and the conduct of macroeconomic policies.
eBook
Mapping Academic Achievement and Public School Choice Under the No Child Left Behind Legislation
The geography of educational outcomes and school choice remains an under-researched area. This article investigates factors associated with the spatial aspects of academic achievement gap and explores the geographical inequalities of public school choice in South Carolina in the context of the No Child Left Behind (NCLB) Act. It is found that public schools with large minority enrollments and concentrated poverty are more likely to be labeled as “in need of improvement” regardless of urban, suburban, or rural locality. Independent samples t-test and multiple regression results show that academic achievement is sensitive to poverty, teacher turnover rate, and neighborhood socioeconomic status. In addition, we found that rural failing schools are in a disadvantaged position in terms of public school choice required by the NCLB legislation. Findings from the current research inform education policymakers the importance of addressing the spatial aspects of educational phenomena.
Journal Article
A Geographic Analysis of Public-Private School Choice in South Carolina, USA
Despite years of research and debate, household choice between public and private schools is not well understood. This article investigates factors associated with parental choice between public and private schools using unique census-based school enrollment data for school districts in South Carolina and for neighborhoods in the Columbia Metropolitan Area. This study extends the existing literature by examining patterns of public-private school choice for whites and blacks separately in order to control racial disparities in school choice. Results of multiple regression analyses for the whole population and subdivided racial groups generally support the assumption that public-private school enrollment rate is subject to socioeconomic status, racial proportion, and public school quality. Findings of this study not only suggests the reconciliation of the market-based theory and the racial preference theory, but also provides insights into education policies in terms of stemming white enrollment losses and fostering public school education in the United States.
Journal Article
The First Bank of the United States and the Securities Market Crash of 1792
In 1791 the $10 million capitalization of the First Bank of the United States was vastly greater than the combined capital of all other banks. The Bank had an enormous impact on the economy within two months of opening its doors for business by flooding the market with its discounts and banknotes and then sharply reversing course and curtailing liquidity. Although the added liquidity initially helped push a rising securities market higher, the subsequent drain caused the first U.S. securities market crash by forcing speculators to sell their stocks. Several reasons are analyzed for the Bank's credit restriction.
Journal Article
Weaving a National Map
Weaving a National Map draws on contributions to a September 2002 workshop and the U.S. Geological Survey's (USGS) \"vision\" document for The National Map , envisioned by the USGS as a database providing \"public domain core geographic data about the United States and its territories that other agencies can extend, enhance, and reference as they concentrate on maintaining other data that are unique to their needs.\" The demand for up-to-date information in real time for public welfare and safety informs this need to update an aging paper map series that is, on average, 23 years old. The NRC report describes how The National Map initiative would gain from improved definition so that the unprecedented number of partners needed for success will become energized to participate. The challenges faced by USGS in implementing The National Map are more organizational than technical. To succeed, the USGS will need to continue to learn from challenges encountered in its ongoing pilot studies as well as from other federal-led programs that have partnered with multiple sectors.
eBook
SQPV antibody detection in juvenile squirrels
In addition to carcases obtained from trap-based control operations, juvenile grey squirrels still in the nest were taken from nest boxes erected within a mixed deciduous woodland in Gwynedd and from within the grounds of the Welsh Mountain Zoo, Conwy, and dispatched as above.
Journal Article