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I studied how breeding and wintering forest bird communities across Connecticut responded to variation in habitat characteristics, particularly landscape attributes such as forest fragmentation. I surveyed birds at 1815 points along 121 transects that traversed approximately 400 km of forest. I also made 12,705 habitat measurements at survey points and computed areas of forest, non‐forest, core forest, and perimeter/area ratios of forest for 31,550 ha of study area. I computed sampled species richness and community density as well as individual species' population densities for each transect. Moreover, I classified species encountered as to their nest site selection, macrohabitat use, microhabitat use, migratory strategy, and trophic affiliation. Based on observations of 36,702 summering individuals of 123 species and 13,742 wintering individuals of 63 species, declines in community density occurred with increasing fragmentation, although species richness was often more closely associated with habitat measures. Among landscape measures, forest fragmentation had the closest association with summer community measures 81% of the time, strongly suggesting that fragmentation effects were the predominant driver of such community patterns. However, short‐distance migrant density and richness, foraging generalist density and richness, edge/successional species density and richness, habitat generalist density, and Brown‐headed Cowbird density showed little relationship to landscape measures. The effects of fragmentation appeared to predominate over those of simply forest extent in predicting summer and winter bird community characteristics even in the comparatively extensive forests of southern New England. Despite the importance of fragmentation effects, community and individual species measures often tended to be more closely associated with habitat measures than with fragmentation. In addition, few summer or winter community measures or species patterns showed any significant relationship to natural forest breaks. Winter community and species density patterns showed a limited relationship to landscape measures, although increasing fragmentation showed some association with increasing species richness and community density.

I studied how a breeding forest bird community changed over 20 years in the largely undisturbed forests of the Northeast Uplands ecoregion of Connecticut to determine whether changes showed a relationship with the predicted effects of climate change as well as effects of habitat changes occurring over this period. Moreover, I wished to compare how changes documented at this regional scale compared with patterns observed at the continental scale and at a more local scale. I predicted that patterns detected would relate to the region's warming climate and maturing forests and that patterns would most closely resemble those of the continental scale. I gathered data via variable circular plot surveys performed at 5 different 3.20 km-long transects, which I surveyed for 2 years each at the beginning and end of the study period. Species richness and community density varied little over time. However, long-term turnover in species composition was nearly 30%, supporting the view that bird communities are dynamic rather than static assemblages. Community density more closely resembled continental patterns and species with population trends coincident with continental trends were 1.6 times greater than at the more local scale of the nearby Yale-Myers Forest. Species at their southern range limit undergoing population declines and species at their northern range limit undergoing population increases accounted for 26% of species, with 4 species showing the strongest population shifts having trends consistent with predicted effects of climate change. Forest interior species undergoing population increases and edge/successional species undergoing declines accounted for 36% of species. Moreover, increases were greater than decreases among forest interior populations. Furthermore, far more edge/successional species were declining than increasing. However, most populations undergoing changes were not associated with range limits. Moreover, 43% of species had population trends opposite to those predicted by a habitat hypothesis. The distributions and populations of community members may best be described as a consequence of a complex interplay of responses to multiple and sometimes conflicting factors and factors operating at differing environmental scales. Estudié cómo una comunidad de aves de bosque cambió en 20 años en bosques mayormente sin disturbios en la ecoregión de tierras altas de Connecticut para determinar si sus cambios estaban relacionados con los efectos predichos del cambio climático así como los efectos de cambio de hábitat que ocurrieron en ese periodo. Además, quise comparar cómo cambios documentados a escala regional se comparaban con patrones observados a escala continental y a una escala más local. Yo predije que los patrones detectados se relacionarían más con el calentamiento del clima y la maduración de los bosques de la región y que esos patrones detectados que parecerían más a los de la escala continental. Recolecté datos via censos de parcela circular variable realizados en cinco transeptos de 3,2 km de largo, que monitorée durante 2 años cada uno, al inicio y al final del periodo de estudio. La riqueza de especies y la densidad de comunidad varió poco en el tiempo. Sin embargo, el recambio a largo plazo en la composición de especies era de cerca de 30%, lo que apoya la idea de que las comunidades de aves son ensambles dinámicos en vez de estáticos. La densidad de comunidades que eran más similares a los patrones continentales y especies con tendencias poblacionales coincidían con tendencias continentales eran 1.6 veces mayores que a escala más local en el cercano bosque de Yale-Myers. Especies con cuyo límite sureño del rango de distribución sufren declives poblacionales y cuyo límite norteño tienen aumentos poblacionales representan un 26% de las especies, con 4 especies que muestran los cambios más fuertes poblacionales tendientes a lo predicho por los efectos del cambio climático. Las especies de interior de bosque con incrementos poblacionales y especies de borde/sucesión con declives representaron el 36% de las especies. Más aún, los incrementos fueron mayores que los declives en especies de interior de bosque. Además, había más especies de borde/sucesión que estaban declinando en vez de aumentando. Sin embargo, la mayoría de las especies que estaban cambiando no se asociaban a límites de rango. Más aún, el 43% de las especies tenían tendencias poblacionales opuestas a lo predicho por la hipótesis de hábitat. Las distribuciones poblaciones de miembros de las comunidades pueden ser mejor descritas como una consecuencia de interacciones complejas que responden a múltiples factores, a veces en conflicto y que operan a distintas escalas ambientales. Palabras clave: densidad de comunidad, distribución de especies, recambio de especies, riqueza de especies, tendencias de población.

I present data on the Mariana Crow for an extensive but previously unavailable set of population and habitat surveys from 1992 to 1993. From these, I (1) compute a series of population estimates from that period during which Mariana Crow numbers were first entering a precipitous decline, (2) quantitatively assess the habitats occupied by individual birds and thereby provide a view of the range of habitats occupied during a time when the species was still widespread, and (3) provide the first direct wet-dry season comparisons of populations and habitat occupancy. Surveys yielded significantly different wet (943) and dry season (459) population estimates, which suggested wet season courtship activity preceding dry season nesting when birds became more secretive. Moreover, they indicated that the critical turning point in population decline was after 1995. Forest was the principal habitat type occupied during both wet and dry seasons, with savanna present less than half as often as forest, although birds occupied a range of additional habitats. The species was more versatile in habitat use than is often assumed, as rates of habitat occupancy and availability were similar. Versatility is an advantage for populations confined to small islands that periodically suffer catastrophic habitat damage due to typhoons.

\"Apocalypse Television features a dramatic insider's account of the making of and backlash against The Day After\"-- Provided by publisher.

Correspondence to Dr Alex Scott, Department of Physical Therapy, University of British Columbia, Vancouver V6T 1Z4, Canada; ascott@mail.ubc.ca Background Persistent tendon pain that impairs function has inconsistent medical terms that can influence choice of treatment.1 When a person is told they have tendinopathy by clinician A or tendinitis by clinician B, they might feel confused or be alarmed at receiving what they might perceive as two different diagnoses. The authors of this paper, a group of international clinical and research experts from different disciplines, aimed to achieve a consensus in terminology for persistent tendon disorders. The term ‘rotator cuff tendinopathy’ was on our list of options but the group did not achieve consensus on that term as being ideal for shoulder pain and loss of function because a proportion of participants felt that the diagnosis could not be made clinically due to the variety of nociceptive structures near to the rotator cuff tendons. With respect to this, the Groningen statement is consistent with previous Delphi studies and clinical guidelines which include tendinopathy as part of a spectrum of subacromial or rotator-cuff-related shoulder pain and injury.6–8 Those guidelines recommend the terms subacromial pain (or impingement) syndrome for patients with painful shoulder tendons and loss of function; the term rotator-cuff-related shoulder pain has also been proposed.8 Future work Imaging can provide additional information which can assist with diagnosis.

I studied population densities of forest bird communities in the Mariana Islands of Saipan, Aguiguan and Sarigan in order to evaluate hypotheses concerning seasonal shifts in populations, habitat effects on densities, inter-island differences in densities, social group size and underlying reasons for community structuring. With the exception of one species, I found no evidence to support the hypothesis that seasonal shifts occur in populations. Hence, this island system differs in this regard from mainland tropical forests. I also found, contrary to theory, no evidence that the presence of altered habitat permits populations to be greater than they would be in their absence, as disturbed habitat had far lower densities of most species than native forest. Furthermore, I found no support for the hypothesis that social group size differs seasonally as a consequence of differential breeding activity, which is again contrary to findings for mainland tropical forests. A high density of nectar resources on two islands appeared responsible for high population densities of the Micronesian Myzomela on them. Inter-island density comparisons showed strong evidence for there being unfilled niches on Sarigan, thereby making the island a favorable site for species translocations. Examination of the prehistoric composition of Marianas forest bird communities indicated that they once resembled in density structure those of the comparatively pristine Palau Islands. Removing ecologically similar but now absent species from the original Mariana communities likely resulted in reduced competition for resources in ways that increased niche breadth and, thus, populations. The wholesale loss of species in the Marianas has led to communities in which three ecologically versatile species now account for the vast majority of individuals in the community.