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Isobel, haunted by the memory of Varen, goes to Baltimore where she confront the dark figure known as the Poe Toaster, succeeds in interrupting his ritual, and discovers a way to return to the dream-world, where she must face a new adversary.

A genetic locus from the gut symbiont Bacteroides ovatus is identified and described that encodes a cohort of enzymes and carbohydrate-binding proteins necessary for the metabolism of xyloglucans—a predominant component of dietary fibre. Niche bacteria central to digestion of plant fibre We can derive energy from dietary fibre thanks largely to the ability of the gut microbiota to digest and ferment complex polysaccharides. The mechanism of degradation of one ubiquitous family of branched plant cell wall polysaccharides, the xyloglucans, has been unclear. Here Harry Brumer and colleagues report the identification and molecular characterization of an archetypal genetic locus from the gut symbiont Bacteroides ovatus encoding enzymes dedicated to xyloglucan utilization. The ability to utilize xyloglucan is shown not to be universal among the Bacteroidetes but rather is carried out by a few specialists. The importance of a niche species of bacteria in the utilization of such an abundant form of dietary fibre is of relevance to the design of dietary strategies for the treatment of intestinal disease and highlights the need for careful strain selection and monitoring for achieving a healthy, balanced microbiota. A well-balanced human diet includes a significant intake of non-starch polysaccharides, collectively termed ‘dietary fibre’, from the cell walls of diverse fruits and vegetables 1 . Owing to the paucity of alimentary enzymes encoded by the human genome 2 , our ability to derive energy from dietary fibre depends on the saccharification and fermentation of complex carbohydrates by the massive microbial community residing in our distal gut 3 , 4 . The xyloglucans (XyGs) are a ubiquitous family of highly branched plant cell wall polysaccharides 5 , 6 whose mechanism(s) of degradation in the human gut and consequent importance in nutrition have been unclear 1 , 7 , 8 . Here we demonstrate that a single, complex gene locus in Bacteroides ovatus confers XyG catabolism in this common colonic symbiont. Through targeted gene disruption, biochemical analysis of all predicted glycoside hydrolases and carbohydrate-binding proteins, and three-dimensional structural determination of the vanguard endo -xyloglucanase, we reveal the molecular mechanisms through which XyGs are hydrolysed to component monosaccharides for further metabolism. We also observe that orthologous XyG utilization loci (XyGULs) serve as genetic markers of XyG catabolism in Bacteroidetes, that XyGULs are restricted to a limited number of phylogenetically diverse strains, and that XyGULs are ubiquitous in surveyed human metagenomes. Our findings reveal that the metabolism of even highly abundant components of dietary fibre may be mediated by niche species, which has immediate fundamental and practical implications for gut symbiont population ecology in the context of human diet, nutrition and health 9 , 10 , 11 , 12 .

When cheerleader Isobel Lanley is assigned to work with goth, Edgar Allen Poe fan Varen Nethers on an English project, she is swept into a horrific dream world that he has created in his mind.

Abstract Health equity is a fundamental concern within the broader health promotion aim of creating equal opportunities for health and bringing health differentials down to the lowest level possible. Cervical screening is just one example of a preventative health program where a health promotion lens is required to address entrenched health inequities. We draw on theorizations of policy ecologies to provide a framework for better understanding the processes involved in operationalizing policy with greater inclusivity in language in health promotion. Twenty-eight semi-structured interviews were conducted with 29 key informants between April and October 2022 to explore the operationalization of inclusive language in health promotion in the context of a national program to promote cervical screening to currently underscreening communities in Australia. Four thematic categories emphasize the balance required between demands and domains: (i) the need for clinical guidelines and flexibility in their translation and interpretation; (ii) organizational mandates, clinical practice, and patient-centred care; (iii) socio-cultural norms, behaviours, and attitudes amid politicized/ing milieus; and (iv) community preferences and the need for medical accuracy. As such, we identified how the operationalization of inclusive language in policy is influenced by and influences other domains where cervical screening is promoted. These findings hold wider implications for how the historical legacies of and contemporary need for ‘women’s health’ can be maintained and respected amid demands for greater gender inclusion. At the same time, the failure to trace diverse and diffuse modes and contexts of operationalization may (re)produce health inequities in practice if left unexamined.

Introduction In the Australian National Cervical Screening Program (NCSP), self‐collection can be performed in any setting deemed appropriate by the healthcare professional who orders the test, creating opportunities to develop innovative cervical screening models that can address known barriers to access for under‐ and never‐screened women and people with a cervix. This study explored the acceptability and appropriateness of innovative models and key considerations for their design and implementation from the perspectives of clinical and non‐clinical providers. Methods We conducted online, semi‐structured interviews with healthcare professionals, pathology providers and community service providers (June–October 2023). Data were analyzed using template analysis, a form of thematic analysis. Results There were 132 participants from across Australia (82 clinical providers [e.g., doctors, nurses, midwives]; 34 non‐clinical providers [e.g., health/community service staff, disability support workers, bicultural workers]; and 16 pathology sector professionals). Four overarching themes were identified: acceptability, appropriateness, screening quality and safety, and implementation considerations. Most found innovative models acceptable when appropriately tailored to the needs of different population groups, particularly through community outreach, home in‐reach and peer‐supported services. Embedding clinical governance and oversight in the cervical screening pathway was a high priority to ensure that screening participants received adequate information about cervical screening and appropriate follow‐up care. Participants identified the need for clearly defined roles in the cervical screening pathway, sustainable funding and professional development opportunities to expand the role of nurses and optimize the roles of non‐clinical providers. Conclusions Innovative models of cervical screening using self‐collection can offer more accessible, inclusive, and convenient care, especially for under‐ and never‐screened populations. Clinical governance and oversight must be embedded in the cervical screening pathway to maintain high‐quality screening services and to support the implementation of tailored and targeted innovative screening models.

摘要 两栖动物种群数量普遍下降, 其成因往往涉及多种因素的复杂交互作用, 导致单一因素的影响难以剥离。我们通过一项为期5年的标记‐重捕研究, 采用互补分析方法, 解构了甲基汞 (MeHg) 和两栖类壶菌 (Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis, Bd) 对哥伦比亚斑点蛙 (Rana luteiventris) 存活率的影响, 并评估了这些影响是否通过生理响应 (皮质酮, CORT) 介导。研究发现, Bd与蛙类存活率无显著关联, 而种群内甲基汞的生物累积几何均值 (164 ng/g) 使存活率降低约20%。基线CORT水平与甲基汞含量呈负相关, 而应激诱导的CORT与甲基汞含量呈正相关, 表明甲基汞可能干扰糖皮质激素的生理调控。此外, 较高的基线CORT与存活率呈正相关, 而较高的应激诱导CORT则与存活率呈负相关。本研究提供了罕见的野外证据, 表明CORT与野生脊椎动物的长期存活率相关, 且环境相关浓度的甲基汞可能通过CORT介导的机制影响自由活动两栖动物的生存。

Amphibians have suffered widespread declines caused by many interacting factors whose effects are often difficult to isolate. We used complementary analyses to decouple effects of methylmercury (MeHg) and amphibian chytrid fungus (Bd) on survival of Columbia Spotted Frogs ( Rana luteiventris ) during a 5‐year capture‐mark‐recapture study. We also evaluated whether effects on apparent survival were mediated through physiological responses (corticosterone, CORT). While Bd was unrelated to frog survival, geometric mean MeHg bioaccumulation in our population (164 ng/g) reduced survival by ~20%. Baseline CORT was negatively associated, and stress‐induced CORT was positively associated with higher MeHg, suggesting that MeHg dysregulated glucocorticoid physiology. Survival was positively associated with higher baseline CORT, whereas survival was negatively associated with higher stress‐induced CORT. Our results provide rare evidence linking CORT and long‐term survival of wild vertebrates and that environmentally relevant concentrations of MeHg can influence survival of free‐ranging amphibians, and these effects may be mediated by CORT. 两栖动物种群数量普遍下降, 其成因往往涉及多种因素的复杂交互作用, 导致单一因素的影响难以剥离。我们通过一项为期5年的标记‐重捕研究, 采用互补分析方法, 解构了甲基汞 (MeHg) 和两栖类壶菌 ( Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis , Bd) 对哥伦比亚斑点蛙 ( Rana luteiventris ) 存活率的影响, 并评估了这些影响是否通过生理响应 (皮质酮, CORT) 介导。研究发现, Bd与蛙类存活率无显著关联, 而种群内甲基汞的生物累积几何均值 (164 ng/g) 使存活率降低约20%。基线CORT水平与甲基汞含量呈负相关, 而应激诱导的CORT与甲基汞含量呈正相关, 表明甲基汞可能干扰糖皮质激素的生理调控。此外, 较高的基线CORT与存活率呈正相关, 而较高的应激诱导CORT则与存活率呈负相关。本研究提供了罕见的野外证据, 表明CORT与野生脊椎动物的长期存活率相关, 且环境相关浓度的甲基汞可能通过CORT介导的机制影响自由活动两栖动物的生存。 Practitioner Points Mercury (MeHg) bioaccumulation and amphibian chytrid fungus (Bd) are ubiquitous stressors that have led to widespread declines in amphibians and whose effects can be difficult to isolate. Whereas Bd was not related to apparent survival, geometric mean MeHg in our population (164 ng/g) reduced survival by 20% and effects of MeHg on survival may be mediated through effects on corticosterone (CORT). Our results provide rare evidence linking CORT and long‐term apparent survival of wild vertebrates and provide some of the only evidence that environmentally relevant concentrations of MeHg influence survival of amphibians.

Behaviour bond for whistleblower; Behaviour bond for whistleblower

Physiotherapists are well positioned to educate patients about lifestyle behaviours to prevent, manage and in some cases reverse, non-communicable diseases. The study aimed to explore physiotherapy students’ perceptions about the physiotherapists’ role in health promotion and factors influencing students to ask key health questions about physical activity, smoking and sleep health. A mixed methods design was applied in a paper-based survey involving a 10 cm visual analogue scale (VAS) and open ended questions. Participants were University of Otago final year Bachelor of Physiotherapy students (n = 74). Participants perceived the physiotherapists’ role in health promotion to be important (87.5% in VAS strength). However, participants only asked patients about their level of physical activity, smoking status and sleep health 84.8%, 44.6% and 47.8% of the time, respectively; confidence was a significant variable influencing these percentages. Two a priori themes, ‘clinical setting’ and ‘knowledge regarding key health questions’ were established, then factors influencing students in asking key health questions were explored. The major factor influencing whether participants asked key health questions was relevance to patient presentation. Participants confirmed the physiotherapists’ role in health promotion is important and results provide a benchmark for the efficacy of health promotion content in entry level physiotherapy curricula.

Physiotherapists are well positioned to educate patients about lifestyle behaviours to prevent, manage and in some cases reverse, non-communicable diseases. The study aimed to explore physiotherapy students' perceptions about the physiotherapists' role in health promotion and factors influencing students to ask key health questions about physical activity, smoking and sleep health. A mixed methods design was applied in a paper-based survey involving a 10 cm visual analogue scale (VAS) and open ended questions. Participants were University of Otago final year Bachelor of Physiotherapy students (n=74). Participants perceived the physiotherapists' role in health promotion to be important (87.5% in VAS strength). However, participants only asked patients about their level of physical activity, smoking status and sleep health 84.8%, 44.6% and 47.8% of the time, respectively; confidence was a significant variable influencing these percentages. Two a priori themes, 'clinical setting' and 'knowledge regarding key health questions' were established, then factors influencing students in asking key health questions were explored. The major factor influencing whether participants asked key health questions was relevance to patient presentation. Participants confirmed the physiotherapists' role in health promotion is important and results provide a benchmark for the efficacy of health promotion content in entry level physiotherapy curricula. Key words: Entry level curricula, Health promotion, Lifestyle factors, Non-communicable diseases, Physiotherapy