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"Cruz, A"
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دمية كوكوشكا
رواية يأخذك بواسطها الكاتب البرتغالي أفونسو كروش، في مغامرة أشبه بمتاهة، خطوطها متوازية مستقيمة لكنها تلتقي، وقد ضرب فيها عنق الزمان بسهم الأدب فاستحال الخيال واقعا... هذه الرواية أسطورة أدبية بمعنى الكلمة التام، موادها استعارات بعيدة ورموز اشتقها كروش من عناصر الكون الكبرى وصاغها في غابة سرد، مسالكها مذهلة لبناء رؤية تفتح على صيغة وجود فذة، لا تغمض فيها عينك لتنام بل لترى.
BOOK
Ubiquitin ligases: guardians of mammalian development
Mammalian development demands precision. Millions of molecules must be properly located in temporal order, and their function regulated, to orchestrate important steps in cell cycle progression, apoptosis, migration and differentiation, to shape developing embryos. Ubiquitin and its associated enzymes act as cellular guardians to ensure precise spatio-temporal control of key molecules during each of these important cellular processes. Loss of precision results in numerous examples of embryological disorders or even cancer. This Review discusses the crucial roles of E3 ubiquitin ligases during key steps of early mammalian development and their roles in human disease, and considers how new methods to manipulate and exploit the ubiquitin regulatory machinery — for example, the development of molecular glues and PROTACs — might facilitate clinical therapy.E3 ubiquitin ligases ensure the precise spatiotemporal control of key molecules during important cellular processes. This Review discusses the crucial roles of E3 ligases during early mammalian development and their roles in human disease, and considers how new methods to manipulate the ubiquitin regulatory machinery — for example, the development of molecular glues and PROTACs — might facilitate clinical therapy.
Journal Article
هيا نشتر شاعرا
يصور الكاتب بأسلوب ساخر عالمنا الغارق مع الأسف في المال والماديات والشكليات والدعايا تواقعنا المزعج الذي تصنف الأشياء فيه حسب شكلياتها وتكمن قيمة الأشياء فيه في الفوائد المادية والأرباح النقدية التي تجنى منها وأن كل ما لا يعود بأرباح مادية فيه فهو عديم الفائدة بل هو غير جيد بتاتا. الفكرة التي تبدو لنا ساخرة وغريبة يعري الكاتب مجتمعا بأكمله مجتمعا يقيس الناس بالأرقام والموازين وتحدد العلاقات الإنسانية فيه بدرجة نفعها وكل ما خرج عن ذلك النظام فهو باطل.
BOOK
Bias and Unfairness in Machine Learning Models: A Systematic Review on Datasets, Tools, Fairness Metrics, and Identification and Mitigation Methods
One of the difficulties of artificial intelligence is to ensure that model decisions are fair and free of bias. In research, datasets, metrics, techniques, and tools are applied to detect and mitigate algorithmic unfairness and bias. This study examines the current knowledge on bias and unfairness in machine learning models. The systematic review followed the PRISMA guidelines and is registered on OSF plataform. The search was carried out between 2021 and early 2022 in the Scopus, IEEE Xplore, Web of Science, and Google Scholar knowledge bases and found 128 articles published between 2017 and 2022, of which 45 were chosen based on search string optimization and inclusion and exclusion criteria. We discovered that the majority of retrieved works focus on bias and unfairness identification and mitigation techniques, offering tools, statistical approaches, important metrics, and datasets typically used for bias experiments. In terms of the primary forms of bias, data, algorithm, and user interaction were addressed in connection to the preprocessing, in-processing, and postprocessing mitigation methods. The use of Equalized Odds, Opportunity Equality, and Demographic Parity as primary fairness metrics emphasizes the crucial role of sensitive attributes in mitigating bias. The 25 datasets chosen span a wide range of areas, including criminal justice image enhancement, finance, education, product pricing, and health, with the majority including sensitive attributes. In terms of tools, Aequitas is the most often referenced, yet many of the tools were not employed in empirical experiments. A limitation of current research is the lack of multiclass and multimetric studies, which are found in just a few works and constrain the investigation to binary-focused method. Furthermore, the results indicate that different fairness metrics do not present uniform results for a given use case, and that more research with varied model architectures is necessary to standardize which ones are more appropriate for a given context. We also observed that all research addressed the transparency of the algorithm, or its capacity to explain how decisions are taken.
Journal Article
الكتب التي التهمت والدي : حكاية فيفالدو بونفين العجيبة الغريبة /
تدور الرواية حول فيفالدو بونفين الموظف الحكومي الذي يعيش حياة رتيبة ومملة في مكتبه بمصلحة الضرائب لذا يأخذ معه بعض الروايات ليقرأها خلسة وذات يوم وبينما كان يتظاهر بالعمل انغمس في القراءة واختفى من هذا العالم بين ثنايا الكتب وهذه هي حكايته الحقيقية كما يرويها ابنه إلياس بونفين الذي يخرج بحثا عن والده عبر أمهات كتب الأدب الكلاسيكي مثل جزيرة الدكتور مورو ودكتور جيكل ومستر هايد (روبرت لويس ستيفنسون) والجريمة والعقاب (فيودور دوستويوفسكي) و٤٥١ فهرنهايت (راي برادبري) فهل يوافقه الحظ في هذه الرحلة الذهنية التي يواجه خلالها شتى أنواع المخلوقات الخيالية ونماذج مختلفة من المجرمين والشخصيات الأدبية.
Book
Ibuprofen: Toxicology and Biodegradation of an Emerging Contaminant
The anti-inflammatory drug ibuprofen is considered to be an emerging contaminant because of its presence in different environments (from water bodies to soils) at concentrations with adverse effects on aquatic organisms due to cytotoxic and genotoxic damage, high oxidative cell stress, and detrimental effects on growth, reproduction, and behavior. Because of its high human consumption rate and low environmental degradation rate, ibuprofen represents an emerging environmental problem. Ibuprofen enters the environment from different sources and accumulates in natural environmental matrices. The problem of drugs, particularly ibuprofen, as contaminants is complicated because few strategies consider them or apply successful technologies to remove them in a controlled and efficient manner. In several countries, ibuprofen’s entry into the environment is an unattended contamination problem. It is a concern for our environmental health system that requires more attention. Due to its physicochemical characteristics, ibuprofen degradation is difficult in the environment or by microorganisms. There are experimental studies that are currently focused on the problem of drugs as potential environmental contaminants. However, these studies are insufficient to address this ecological issue worldwide. This review focuses on deepening and updating the information concerning ibuprofen as a potential emerging environmental contaminant and the potential for using bacteria for its biodegradation as an alternative technology.
Journal Article
Exosome isolation from distinct biofluids using precipitation and column-based approaches
The potential of exosomes as biomarker resources for diagnostics, prognostics and even for therapeutics is an area of intense research. Despite the various approaches available, there is no consensus with respect to the best methodology for isolating exosomes and to provide substantial yields with reliable quality. Differential centrifugation is the most commonly used method but it is time-consuming and requires large sample volumes, thus alternative methods are urgently needed. In this study two precipitation-based methods and one column-based approach were compared for exosome isolation from distinct biofluids (serum, plasma and cerebrospinal fluid). Exosome characterization included morphological analyses, determination of particle concentration, stability and exosome preparations' purity, using different complementary approaches such as Nanoparticle Tracking Analysis, Electrophoretic Light Scattering, Transmission Electron Microscopy, EXOCET colorimetric assay, protein quantification methods and western blotting. The three commercial kits tested successfully isolated exosomes from the biofluids under study, although ExoS showed the best performance in terms of exosome yield and purity. Data shows that methods other than differential centrifugation can be applied to quickly and efficiently isolate exosomes from reduced biofluid volumes. The possibility to use small volumes is fundamental in the context of translational and clinical research, thus the results here presented contribute significantly in this respect.
Journal Article
Three-Dimensional Point Cloud Applications, Datasets, and Compression Methodologies for Remote Sensing: A Meta-Survey
This meta-survey provides a comprehensive review of 3D point cloud (PC) applications in remote sensing (RS), essential datasets available for research and development purposes, and state-of-the-art point cloud compression methods. It offers a comprehensive exploration of the diverse applications of point clouds in remote sensing, including specialized tasks within the field, precision agriculture-focused applications, and broader general uses. Furthermore, datasets that are commonly used in remote-sensing-related research and development tasks are surveyed, including urban, outdoor, and indoor environment datasets; vehicle-related datasets; object datasets; agriculture-related datasets; and other more specialized datasets. Due to their importance in practical applications, this article also surveys point cloud compression technologies from widely used tree- and projection-based methods to more recent deep learning (DL)-based technologies. This study synthesizes insights from previous reviews and original research to identify emerging trends, challenges, and opportunities, serving as a valuable resource for advancing the use of point clouds in remote sensing.
Journal Article
Impact of frailty in elderly patients with moderate to severe asthma
Frailty assessment has been identified as critical approach in chronic respiratory diseases with substantial impact in the health status and functionality in later life. Aging modifies the immune response leading to a chronic pro-inflammatory state and increased susceptibility to airway infections. Since epigenetic changes, airway epithelium dysfunction and inflammatory cytokine activity seem to be more pronounced in the immunosenescence, elderly asthmatics are at higher risk of poor clinical outcomes. Therefore, we hypothesize that frailty would be associated with the degree of asthma control in elderly patients with moderate to severe asthma. The aims of this study are to investigate association between frailty and asthma control in patients over 60 years old to estimate the prevalence of frailty in this study population. We plan to conduct a cross-sectional study with at least 120 patients above 60 years old with diagnostic of moderate to severe asthma according to Global Initiative for Asthma (GINA) guidelines, treated at a referral outpatient clinic. We defined asthma control by the six-domain Asthma Control Questionnaire (ACQ-6) and frailty phenotype in accordance with Fried scale and visual scale of frailty (VS-Frailty). We hope to analyze the multidimensional relationships between frailty and asthma and contribute to innovative therapeutic plans in geriatric asthma.
Journal Article