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Subversive energies abounded in early modern English theater. This was partly due to evolving political and economic systems as England moved toward a capitalist society. As commercial enterprises, the early modern theaters became sites wherein the emerging conflicts of political and socioeconomic changes both pressured the theatrical venture and were dramatized by it. Nowhere are these conflicts more manifest than in the clown characters. The theatrical clown may have functioned as a means of controlling the audience’s (or specific audience members’) subversive energies. By controlling audience responses, and encouraging audience interaction when, and only when, it served the drama, the clown may have been upholding the political and socio-economic status quo by encouraging textual veneration and ensuring a well-ordered and controlled theatrical event.1However, examining the careers of the actors who played the clown characters–their improvisations which resisted government censorship, the connections they forged with what we would today call working-class audience members, and their subversion of the play-text itself–suggests that early modern theatrical clowns could not be so simply categorized.

Introduction: Qualitative, descriptive study that had as object the defense collective strategies made by assistance nurses in order to mitigate the suffering that comes from hospital work organization. Objective: To characterize the defense collective strategies made by nurses at medical and surgical clinics context. Methodology: The study scenario was a University Hospital, the individuals were 25 nurses and the data collection techniques were: semi-structured interview and observation. The analysis method was based in the hermeneutic-dialectic that has showed the following categories: defensive strategies made by assistance nurse collective. Main Results: The analysis showed twelve defense collective strategies that the nurse use to mitigate and/or occult the suffering came from work organization. Conclusions: It was stated that the referred strategies can be interesting tactics against the suffering since they allow the nurse to keep on working without getting physically and psychologically sick, it means, to resist working organization pressures without experiencing classic pathologic processes. Thus, they can be characterized as a factor that results in alienation, hiding the real comprehension of work context.

Objetivo: Analisar o uso do conceito de resiliência nos objetos de estudo da linha de pesquisa sobre Saúde do Trabalhador. Método: Revisão narrativa, desenvolvida nas bases eletrônicas de dados. Palavras de busca: resiliência e saúde do trabalhador. Não houve recorte temporal, mas optou-se por fazer restrição quanto ao idioma: somente produções em português e espanhol. Resultados: Captaram-se oito artigos, dentre os selecionados quatro possuíam textos completos, um estava em inglês e três encontravam-se em português, dos quais apenas dois relacionavam-se com o objeto de estudo. Conclusão: O estudo da resiliência é relativamente recente nas ciências humanas, sociais e da saúde, porém o conhecimento dos fatores relacionados à resiliência poderá fornecer subsídios aos trabalhadores para o entendimento dos determinantes e os fatores que podem fortalecer suas próprias resiliências. Descritores: Enfermagem, Saúde do trabalhador, Resiliência psicológica.

Introduction: The orientation makes possible the client adaptation to his health condition, minimizing his anxiety , and can be offered in orientation groups for health. The extension project \" Orientating the client in surgical situation to diferenciate the care\" helps to understand the internation process and was implemented in order to minimize the orientation deficit about client perioperatory. Objective: To evaluate the project from clients perception. Methodology: Quantitative case study developed in may/june/2005 with preoperatory clients of general surgery. Main Results: The participants referred that it was important to receive preoperatory information, learned them and suggested the group ampliation for all the surgical clients of the hospital in question. Conclusions: The project has been suitably developed, and clients consider it relevant to cover all their health needs; suggestions that were given reveal the necessity to amplify offer/participation at meetings for the other surgical clients of this hospital.

Objective: To analyze the use of the concept of resilience in the objects of study of the research on Occupational Health. Method: A narrative review was conducted in electronic databases. Search words: resilience and worker's health. There was no time frame, but we chose to make the language restriction: only productions in Portuguese and Spanish. Results: Eight articles were gathered, among the selected four had complete texts, one was in English and three were in Portuguese, of which only two were related to the object of study. Conclusion: The study of resilience is relatively new in humanities, social and health, but knowledge of factors related to resilience may provide subsidies for workers to understand the determinants and factors that can strengthen their own resilience.

Introduction: Qualitative, descriptive study that had as object the defense collective strategies made by assistance nurses in order to mitigate the suffering that comes from hospital work organization. Objective: To characterize the defense collective strategies made by nurses at medical and surgical clinics context. Methodology: The study scenario was a University Hospital, the individuals were 25 nurses and the data collection techniques were: semi-structured interview and observation. The analysis method was based in the hermeneutic-dialectic that has showed the following categories: defensive strategies made by assistance nurse collective. Main Results: The analysis showed twelve defense collective strategies that the nurse use to mitigate and/or occult the suffering came from work organization. Conclusions: It was stated that the referred strategies can be interesting tactics against the suffering since they allow the nurse to keep on working without getting physically and psychologically sick, it means, to resist working organization pressures without experiencing classic pathologic processes. Thus, they can be characterized as a factor that results in alienation, hiding the real comprehension of work context.

Introduction: Qualitative, descriptive study that had as object the defense collective strategies made by assistance nurses in order to mitigate the suffering that comes from hospital work organization. Objective: To characterize the defense collective strategies made by nurses at medical and surgical clinics context. Methodology: The study scenario was a University Hospital, the individuals were 25 nurses and the data collection techniques were: semi-structured interview and observation. The analysis method was based in the hermeneutic-dialectic that has showed the following categories: defensive strategies made by assistance nurse collective. Main Results: The analysis showed twelve defense collective strategies that the nurse use to mitigate and/or occult the suffering came from work organization. Conclusions: It was stated that the referred strategies can be interesting tactics against the suffering since they allow the nurse to keep on working without getting physically and psychologically sick, it means, to resist working organization pressures without experiencing classic pathologic processes. Thus, they can be characterized as a factor that results in alienation, hiding the real comprehension of work context.

Introduction: The orientation makes possible the client adaptation to his health condition, minimizing his anxiety , and can be offered in orientation groups for health. The extension project “ Orientating the client in surgical situation to diferenciate the care” helps to understand the internation process and was implemented in order to minimize the orientation deficit about client perioperatory. Objective: To evaluate the project from clients perception. Methodology: Quantitative case study developed in may/june/2005 with preoperatory clients of general surgery. Main Results: The participants referred that it was important to receive preoperatory information, learned them and suggested the group ampliation for all the surgical clients of the hospital in question. Conclusions: The project has been suitably developed, and clients consider it relevant to cover all their health needs; suggestions that were given reveal the necessity to amplify offer/participation at meetings for the other surgical clients of this hospital.

The study object is the implementation experience of the extension Project: “ Orientating the client in surgery situation to care differentiate”; descibing what participants have passed through and presenting a result evaluation. The project takes place with a joint work between professors, nurses, academics and nursing interns. Offering information at pre and post-operative, clarifying doubts and so clients can create strategies to face the surgical process. The activity contributed in assistance quality, in the formation of nurses committed to integrity and professional-assintential integration. It has been considered that the activity reached the objectives to assist clients to understand the internation process dynamics; to demystify the surgical experience and to reduce bio-psyquic-social alterations that are related to surgery.