Explore the vast range of titles available.

This article examines the adaptive market hypothesis in the five most important Latin American stock indices. To that end, we apply three versions of the variance ratio test, as well as the Brock-Dechert-Scheinkman test for nonlinear predictability. Additionally, we perform the Dominguez-Lobato and generalized spectral tests to evaluate the Martingale difference hypothesis. Moreover, we consider salient news related to the plausible market inefficiencies detected by these four tests. Finally, we apply a GARCH-M model to assess the risk-return relationship through time. Our results suggest that the predictability of stock returns varies over time. Furthermore, the efficiency in each market behaves differently over time. All in all, the analyzed emerging market indices satisfy the adaptive market hypothesis, given the switching behavior between periods of efficiencies and inefficiencies, since the adaptive market hypothesis suggests that market efficiency and market anomalies might coexist in capital markets. Este artículo examina la hipótesis del mercado adaptativo en los cinco índices bursátiles más importantes de América Latina. Para tal fin, aplicamos tres versiones de la prueba de razón de varianza (VRT), así como la prueba de Brock-Dechert-Scheinkman (BDS) para predictibilidad no lineal. Adicionalmente, realizamos las pruebas Domínguez-Lobato (DL) y generalized spectral (GS) para evaluar la hipótesis de la diferencia Martingala. Además, consideramos las noticias más destacadas relacionadas con las plausibles ineficiencias del mercado detectadas por estas cuatro pruebas. Finalmente, se aplicó un modelo GARCH-M para evaluar la relación riesgo-rendimiento a lo largo del tiempo. Nuestros resultados sugieren que la predictibilidad de los rendimientos de las acciones varía con el tiempo. Además, encontramos que la eficiencia en cada mercado se comporta de manera diferente a lo largo del tiempo. Así, los índices de mercados emergentes analizados satisfacen la hipótesis del mercado adaptativo, debido al comportamiento cambiante entre períodos de eficiencias e ineficiencias, ya que la hipótesis del mercado adaptativo sugiere que la eficiencia del mercado y las anomalías del mercado pueden coexistir en los mercados de capital.

We analyze correlation structures in financial markets by coarse graining the Pearson correlation matrices according to market sectors to obtain Guhr matrices using Guhr's correlation method according to Ref. [P. Rinn {\\it et. al.}, Europhysics Letters 110, 68003 (2015)]. We compare the results for the evolution of market states and the corresponding transition matrices with those obtained using Pearson correlation matrices. The behavior of market states is found to be similar for both the coarse grained and Pearson matrices. However, the number of relevant variables is reduced by orders of magnitude.

BackgroundThe survival of patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) has increased in recent years, but they have higher morbidity and mortality than the general population.PurposeTo study the prevalence of comorbidities in patients with SLE and its relationship with damage, gender and treatments received.MethodsCross-sectional multicenter descriptive study of a cohort of adult patients with SLE.ResultsWe studied 3,656 patients, 90.3% women, mean age (±SD) at diagnosis of 35.2(±14.7) years and duration of SLE of 142.6(±100.8) months. We analyzed 27 comorbidities. 79.73% of the patients presented any, with the maximum accumulated being 14. The most frequent were smoking, dyslipidemia and arterial hypertension. 38.05% of patients accumulated damage. Males accumulated more comorbidities (85.48% vs. 79.1%, p=0.003) and damage (47.03% vs. 37.11%, p<0.001). The first criterion for SLE appeared at a younger age in patients who did not have comorbidities: 27.73(±12.04) years vs. 34.47(±14.76) years; p<0.001. We found that there is a positive correlation between the number of comorbidities and the number of systems with damage (Spearman’s Rho = 0.478, p<0.001). There is a positive correlation between the number of comorbidities and damaged systems with the number of hospitalizations by disease activity (Rho=0.265 and 0.396 respectively, p<0.001 in both contrasts) as well as with the number of serious infections (Rho=0.299 and 0.307 respectively, p <0.001 in both contrasts). We found more patients without comorbidities in those who did not receive glucocorticoids (9.94% vs. 15.48%, p<0.001) and more patients with comorbidities in those who did not receive antimalarials (89.1% vs. 81.78%, p<0.001). There were significant differences in the presence of comorbidities in those treated with cyclophosphamide, mycophenolate, azathioprine or rituximab.ConclusionsA high percentage of patients with SLE have comorbidities. With few exceptions, they are more frequent in males. The onset of SLE was later in patients with more comorbidities. We found variations in comorbidities depending on the treatments received.

Background:Life expectancy in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) increased but they can accrual another conditions associating higher morbidity and mortality than the general population.Objectives:To perform a descriptive analysis of the comorbidities present in a large SLE cohort, the accumulated damage, the distribution of events between sexes; the relationship between age at diagnosis, diagnostic delay and treatments administered to these patients.Methods:Multicenter cross-sectional study of RELESSER patients. Means were compared using the Mann-Whitney test after checking normality using the Kolmogorov-Smirnov test. Chi-square statistical test or Fisher’s test, were used for qualitative items and Spearman’s correlation coefficient for the correlation between quantitative variables.Results:We studied 3,656 patients, 90.3% women, mean age (±SD) at diagnosis of 35.2(±14.7) years and SLE duration of 142.6(±100.8) months. We analyzed 27 conditions (see Table 1, comorbidities from the Charlson comorbidity index and alcohol and tobacco consumption, autoimmune thyroid disease, dyslipidemia, arterial hypertension, pulmonary thromboembolism, hepatitis C virus infection, Sjögren, mixed connective tissue, fibromyalgia and osteoporosis). 79.73% of patients presented comorbidities: 24.97% presented one, followed by 2 (21.09%) or 3(15,48%) comorbidities. The most common were smoking, dyslipidemia and hypertension. In patients without comorbidities the first lupus criteria appeared earlier (27.73 (±12.04) vs. 34.47 (±14.76) years old, p<0.001). They were younger at diagnosis: 29.42 (±12.13) vs. 36.62 (±14.91) years, p<0.001) with a lower diagnostic delay (25.1(±43.21) vs.32.46(±55.53) months, p=0.085).Damage was present in 38,05% of patients (musculoskeletal 13,8%, ocular 8,51% and cardiovascular 7,99%). Mean Slicc Damage index was 1.2(±1.7). Males accumulated more damage (47.03% vs. 37.11%, p<0.001) and more conditions (85.48% vs. 79.1%, p=0.003), specially: smoking, alcohol, mild liver disease, ischemic heart disease, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, congestive heart failure, pulmonary embolism, peripheral arterial disease, and AIDS (p<0.001). Fybromialgia and Sjögren where more frequent on women (p<0.001). There was a positive correlation between the number of comorbidities and the number of systems with damage (Spearman’s Rho = 0.478, p<0.001, and between the number of comorbidities and damaged systems with the number of hospitalizations by disease activity (Rho=0.265 and 0.396 respectively, p<0.001) and with the number of serious infections (Rho=0.299 and 0.307 respectively, p<0.001), with a bigger damage accrual on the latter (1.97(±1.43) vs. 1.31(±0.61), p<0.001). There were more patients without comorbidities in those who did never receive glucocorticoids(GC) (9.94% vs. 15.48%, p<0.001), they accrual less conditions(1.46 (±1.43) vs. 2.27(±1.98). More patients had comorbidities from those who did not receive antimalarials (89.1% vs. 81.78%, p<0.001), they also accumulated more: 2.94(±2.3) vs. 2.02(±1.82), p<0.001. There were significant differences in the presence of comorbidities in those treated with cyclophosphamide, mycophenolate, azathioprine or rituximab. We did not find significant differences in patients treated with methotrexate, leflunomide, immunoglobulins, abatacept and anti-TNF.Conclusion:Nowadays SLE patients have a higher life expectancy. Comorbidities and damage accrual, with a few exceptions, were more frequent in males. There are differences in the presence of these conditions in patients with different treatments.Table 1.REFERENCES:NIL.Acknowledgements:RELESSER-TRANS was funded by GSK, Novartis, UCB and Roche.Disclosure of Interests:None declared.

The EEG has not been comprehensively used to study the brain function in Autistic Spectrum Disorder (ASD) patients. Therefore, the researchers recently developed a specifically designed software (EEGConn) to explore brain function based on advanced algorithms to explore EEG activity. They studied a group of 14 right-handed autistic patients with age 70.3±29.32 and 14 healthy subjects with IQs over 85. All recordings were performed with the subjects lying in a recumbent position, in eye-opened condition; EEG electrodes were attached to the scalp according to the 10-20 system. Spectral analysis, including no less than 64 seconds of EEG free of artifacts, was performed using the Welch periodogram method with a Hann window. For absolute and normalized power values the main factor Group was statistically significant only for EEG Alpha, EEG Beta and EEG Gamma bands. Factor Hemisphere did not show any significant relationship with factor Group, while the SA factor showed significant results for the same bands, in which the main factor Group resulted statistically significant.

Genomic DNA isolated from embryogenic cultures of two mango cultivars, 'Hindi' and 'Carabao,' that had been selected for resistance to the culture filtrate of Colletotrichum gloeosporioides, was analyzed using Randomly Amplified Polymorphic DNA (RAPD). In vitro selection caused changes in RAPD markers in the selected embryogenic cultures with respect to the unchallenged control cultures and the stock plants. The differences involved both the absence and the presence of additional RAPD markers in the resistant lines, although the former was most commonly observed. The absence of differences between the unchallenged control of either cultivar and DNA from the leaves of parent trees confirmed that the changes were not due to prolonged maintenance in liquid cultures.