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A symmetry-preserving treatment of a vector × vector contact interaction is used to compute spectra of ground-state JP=0±,1±(fg¯) mesons, their partner diquark correlations, and JP=1/2±,3/2± (fgh) baryons, where f,g,h∈{u,d,s,c,b}. Results for the leptonic decay constants of all mesons are also obtained, including scalar and pseudovector states involving heavy quarks. The spectrum of baryons produced by this chiefly algebraic approach reproduces the 64 masses known empirically or computed using lattice-regularised quantum chromodynamics with an accuracy of 1.4(1.2)%. It also has the richness of states typical of constituent-quark models and predicts many baryon states that have not yet been observed. The study indicates that dynamical, nonpointlike diquark correlations play an important role in all baryons; and, typically, the lightest allowed diquark is the most important component of a baryon’s Faddeev amplitude.

A contact interaction is used to calculate an array of pion twist-two, -three and -four generalised transverse light-front momentum dependent parton distribution functions (GTMDs). Despite the interaction’s simplicity, many of the results are physically relevant, amongst them a statement that GTMD size and shape are largely prescribed by the scale of emergent hadronic mass. Moreover, proceeding from GTMDs to generalised parton distributions, it is found that the pion’s mass distribution form factor is harder than its electromagnetic form factor, which is harder than the gravitational pressure distribution form factor; the pressure in the neighbourhood of the pion’s core is commensurate with that at the centre of a neutron star; the shear pressure is maximal when confinement forces become dominant within the pion; and the spatial distribution of transversely polarised quarks within the pion is asymmetric. Regarding transverse momentum dependent distribution functions, their magnitude and domain of material support decrease with increasing twist. The simplest Wigner distribution associated with the pion’s twist-two dressed-quark GTMD is sharply peaked on the kinematic domain associated with valence-quark dominance; has a domain of negative support; and broadens as the transverse position variable increases in magnitude.

Natural fiber reinforced composites are currently used in various fields such as automobile, building construction and furniture materials considering the increasing environment pollution caused by the extensive use of plastic products. In this study, jute fiber and polylactic acid (PLA) were combined to prepare jute PLA-based biodegradable composites. PLA is one of the most attractive research pursuits among thermoplastic composites due to its excellent biodegradability and the ultimate degradation products of PLA are carbon dioxide and water, which have no pollution to the environment. Basically, the mechanical and thermal performances of the jute/PLA laminated composites were characterized and analyzed in this work. The analytical results on jute/PLA sandwiches reveal that different ply counts and stacking sequences significantly influence the mechanical properties of the composites material. The study on jute/PLA composites will provide quantitative experimental data for potential applications with advantages of lightweight, cost effective, easy manufacture, biodegradable and excellent mechanical properties.

Let N be the set of all nonnegative integers. For S ⊆ N and n ∈ N , let the representation function R S ( n ) denote the number of solutions of the equation n = s + s ′ with s , s ′ ∈ S and s < s ′ . In this paper, we determine the structure of C , D ⊆ N with C ∪ D = [ 0 , m ] , C ∩ D = { r 1 , r 2 } , r 1 < r 2 and 2 ∤ r 1 such that R C ( n ) = R D ( n ) for any nonnegative integer n .

A symmetry-preserving regularisation of a vector × vector contact interaction (SCI) is used to deliver a unified treatment of semileptonic transitions involving π, K, D(s), B(s,c) initial states. The framework is characterised by algebraic simplicity, few parameters, and the ability to simultaneously treat systems from Nambu–Goldstone modes to heavy+heavy mesons. Although the SCI form factors are typically somewhat stiff, the results are comparable with experiment and rigorous theory results. Hence, predictions for the five unmeasured Bs,c branching fractions should be a reasonable guide. The analysis provides insights into the effects of Higgs boson couplings via current-quark masses on the transition form factors; and results on B(s)→D(s) transitions yield a prediction for the Isgur–Wise function in fair agreement with contemporary data.

•Under high time pressure, prosocial influence enhances the accumulation rate of prosocial information and the activation of emotional brain regions.•Under low time pressure, prosocial influence can lead to pro social prior preferences, but conflicts with subsequent benefit analysis, thereby weakening the effect of prosocial influence compared to emergency situations.•The prosocial influence under time pressure regulates the MCG-vmPFC pathway, while when cognitive resources are abundant, it affects prosocial behavior through the CAU-LPFC pathway. Prosocial behavior is essential for enhancing human welfare, particularly in urgent situations. This study employed computational models and fMRI to examine how prosocial influence affects helping behaviors under varying levels of time pressure. Participants were tasked with deciding whether to reduce electric shocks to strangers at their own expense, influenced by varying levels of time pressure (high or low) and social influences (prosocial or selfish choices made by others). Both results of study 1 (n = 31) and study 2 (n = 39) showed that prosocial influence significantly increased helping tendencies, especially under high time pressure. The hierarchical drift diffusion model demonstrates that under high time pressure, prosocial influence accelerates evidence accumulation toward prosocial choices, while a conflict emerges between prosocial priori information and the process of evidence accumulation under low time pressure. Neural correlates also indicated distinct activation patterns associated with prosocial influence under high and low time pressures: heightened affective-related activation in the insula and medial cingulate gyrus under high pressure, and increased activation in the valuation related caudate nucleus, with altered connectivity to the lateral prefrontal cortex under low pressure. In urgent contexts, witnessing altruistic actions of others significantly enhances helping behaviors through increased activation of empathy-related neural regions. Conversely, in non-urgent situations, the impact of prosocial influence diminishes, as evidenced by changes in neural activity. These findings underscore the critical role of social influence in fostering prosocial behavior during emergencies, highlighting the importance of immediate action in urgent contexts.

Fiber reinforced composite materials can be seen everywhere in our daily life. The development speed of thermoplastic composites has gradually surpassed that of thermosetting materials because of their low density, recyclability and high production efficiency. Polylactic acid (PLA) and jute fibers are two of the most attractive research pursuits in the field of biodegradable materials nowadays. In this work, PLA films and jute nonwovens were made firstly, then biodegradable composite materials were produced combining PLA as the matrix with jute fiber as reinforcement using the film-stacking method. The mechanical properties of the prepared biodegradable materials were characterized by tensile testing and 3-point bending testing. The biodegradable composite materials have great potential applications in various fields with advantages of low cost, easy manufacture, low density and excellent mechanical properties.

The complex topography of the mountain cities leads to uneven distribution of land resources. Currently, available studies mainly focuse on land use and landscape patterns (LU and LP) in plains or plateaus. Thus, it is necessary to carry out an analysis of the drivers of changes in LU and LP in mountain cities. As the typical mountain city in China, Chongqing has changed significantly of land use in recent years. Here, we identified LU and LP changes from 2000 to 2020, and explored their drivers using GeoDetector in Yubei District, Chongqing. The following are the outcomes: (1) From 2000 to 2020, construction land, wetland and cropland had the greatest change in area, with 876.03%, -70.72% and -24.53%, respectively. The area of cropland transferred out was larger than the area transferred into it, while cropland still the largest among all land use types. (2) At the landscape level,construction landscape was at a low level. Grassland had the greatest degree of fragmentation, but showed a decreasing trend. The landscape’s complexity resulted from the conversion of various land uses. (3) The results of GeoDetector indicated that the interaction of population density and slope was the primary LU and LP changing factor. The results of the study provided a rational basis for the development of land use and landscape plans in the mountain cities.

Halide perovskites have shown promising potential for direct X-ray detection due to their high X-ray absorption coefficient, low trap states and convenient fabrication process. However, it is still a challenge to achieve high sensitivity, low dark current and low detection limit in a single material. The deep reason for this is the trade-off between the material’s μτ product and resistivity. Here we report the construction of an organic–inorganic hybrid anti-perovskite ((2-Habch) 3 Cl(PtI 6 )) with indirect transition and low orbital symmetry at the band edge to achieve an ultralong intrinsic lifetime and thus break the trade-off. (2-Habch) 3 Cl(PtI 6 ) achieves an unprecedented long carrier lifetime of >3 ms, leading to a large μτ product of 6.25 × 10 −3  cm 2  V −1 and high resistivity of 10 12  Ω cm, outperforming most X-ray detection materials. These properties enabled the development of X-ray detectors that simultaneously achieve an ultralow dark current of 0.21 nA cm −2 , high sensitivity of 1.0 × 10 4  µC Gy air −1  cm −2 , ultralow detection limit of 2.4 nGy air  s −1 and excellent operational stability with no observable baseline drift, outperforming state-of-the-art perovskite single-crystal detectors. The rare combination of high performance in almost every figure of merit in the anti-perovskite-based X-ray detector could enable new-generation X-ray detection systems. The researchers synthesize organic–inorganic hybrid inverse perovskites that exhibit excellent carrier lifetime and mobility–lifetime product and high resistivity, enabling stable X-ray detectors with performance arguably outperforming state-of-the-art perovskite single-crystal detectors.

Wireless sensor networks (WSNs) are widely used in various fields such as military, industrial, and transportation for real-time monitoring, sensing, and data collection of different environments or objects. However, the development of WSNs is hindered by several limitations, including energy, storage space, computing power, and data transmission rate. Among these, the availability of power energy plays a crucial role as it directly determines the lifespan of WSN. To extend the life cycle of WSN, two key approaches are power supply improvement and energy conservation. Therefore, we propose an energy harvesting system and a low-energy-consumption mechanism for WSNs. Firstly, we delved into the energy harvesting technology of WSNs, explored the utilization of solar energy and mechanical vibration energy to ensure a continuous and dependable power supply to the sensor nodes, and analyzed the voltage output characteristics of bistable piezoelectric cantilever. Secondly, we proposed a neighbor discovery mechanism that utilizes a separation beacon, is based on reply to ACK, and can facilitate the identification of neighboring nodes. This mechanism operates at a certain duty cycle ratio, significantly reduces idle listening time and results in substantial energy savings. In comparison to the Disco and U-connect protocols, our proposed mechanism achieved a remarkable reduction of 66.67% and 75% in the worst discovery delay, respectively. Furthermore, we introduced a data fusion mechanism based on integer wavelet transform. This mechanism effectively eliminates data redundancy caused by spatiotemporal correlation, resulting in a data compression rate of 5.42. Additionally, it significantly reduces energy consumption associated with data transmission by the nodes.