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Beginning with results for the leading-twist two-particle distribution amplitudes of π - and K -mesons, each of which exhibits dilation driven by the mechanism responsible for the emergence of hadronic mass, we develop parameter-free predictions for the pointwise behaviour of all π and K distribution functions (DFs), including glue and sea. The large- x behaviour of each DF meets expectations based on quantum chromodynamics; the valence-quark distributions match extractions from available data, including the pion case when threshold resummation effects are included; and at ζ 5 = 5.2 GeV, the scale of existing measurements, the light-front momentum of these hadrons is shared as follows: ⟨ x valence ⟩ π = 0.41 ( 4 ) , ⟨ x glue ⟩ π = 0.45 ( 2 ) , ⟨ x sea ⟩ π = 0.14 ( 2 ) ; and ⟨ x valence ⟩ K = 0.42 ( 3 ) , ⟨ x glue ⟩ K = 0.44 ( 2 ) , ⟨ x sea ⟩ K = 0.14 ( 2 ) . The kaon’s glue and sea distributions are similar to those in the pion, although the inclusion of mass-dependent splitting functions introduces some differences on the valence-quark domain. This study should stimulate improved analyses of existing data and motivate new experiments sensitive to all π and K DFs. With little known empirically about the structure of the Standard Model’s (pseudo-) Nambu-Goldstone modes and analyses of existing, limited data being controversial, it is likely that new generation experiments at upgraded and anticipated facilities will provide the information needed to resolve the puzzles and complete the picture of these complex bound states.

We consider the fidelity of the vector meson dominance (VMD) assumption as an instrument for relating the electromagnetic vector-meson production reaction e+p→e′+V+p to the purely hadronic process V+p→V+p. Analyses of the photon vacuum polarisation and the photon-quark vertex reveal that such a VMD Ansatz might be reasonable for light vector-mesons. However, when the vector-mesons are described by momentum-dependent bound-state amplitudes, VMD fails for heavy vector-mesons: it cannot be used reliably to estimate either a photon-to-vector-meson transition strength or the momentum dependence of those integrands that would arise in calculations of the different reaction amplitudes. Consequently, for processes involving heavy mesons, the veracity of both cross-section estimates and conclusions based on the VMD assumption should be reviewed, e.g., those relating to hidden-charm pentaquark production and the origin of the proton mass.

Quantum network and quantum repeater are promising ways to scale up a quantum information system. In a functional quantum network, it is required that the distribution rate of heralded remote entanglement should be higher than the decoherence rate of each local node. A promising scheme to accelerate the remote entanglement distribution is through multiplexing enhancement. In this work, we experimentally realize a multiplexed quantum network node based on a chain of 40 Ca + ions. We employ a hybrid multiplexing scheme in which maximally 44 time-bin modes are generated and sent through a long fiber to boost the entangling rate. Via this scheme, we can generate heralded ion-photon entanglement with a success rate of 4.28 s −1 over a 12 km fiber. In addition, a dual-type framework is utilized to protect quantum information from the destructive ion-photon entangling attempts and a memory coherence time of 366 ms is achieved, which has exceeded the entanglement generation time. Despite recent advances with trappedion-based platforms, achieving quantum networks with link efficiency greater than unity on metropolitan scales is still a challenge. Here, the authors demonstrate a multiplexed quantum network generating heralded entanglement at a rate faster than local decoherence.

Exploiting crossing symmetry, the hadron scale pion valence quark distribution function is used to predict the kindred elementary valence quark fragmentation function (FF). This function defines the kernel of a quark jet fragmentation equation, which is solved to obtain the full pion FFs. After evolution to a scale typical of FF fits to data, the results for quark FFs are seen to compare favourably with such fits. However, the gluon FF is markedly different. Notably, although FF evolution equations do not themselves guarantee momentum conservation, inclusion of a gluon FF which, for four quark flavours, distributes roughly 11% of the total light-front momentum fraction, is sufficient to restore momentum conservation under evolution. Overall, significant uncertainty is attached to FFs determined via fits to data; hence, the features of the predictions described herein could potentially provide useful guidance for future such studies.

The vasopressin 1b receptor (Avpr1b) is critical for social memory and social aggression in rodents, yet little is known about its specific roles in these behaviors. Some clues to Avpr1b function can be gained from its profile of expression in the brain, which is largely limited to the pyramidal neurons of the CA2 region of the hippocampus, and from experiments showing that inactivation of the gene or antagonism of the receptor leads to a reduction in social aggression. Here we show that partial replacement of the Avpr1b through lentiviral delivery into the dorsal CA2 region restored the probability of socially motivated attack behavior in total Avpr1b knockout mice, without altering anxiety-like behaviors. To further explore the role of the Avpr1b in this hippocampal region, we examined the effects of Avpr1b agonists on pyramidal neurons in mouse and rat hippocampal slices. We found that selective Avpr1b agonists induced significant potentiation of excitatory synaptic responses in CA2, but not in CA1 or in slices from Avpr1b knockout mice. In a way that is mechanistically very similar to synaptic potentiation induced by oxytocin, Avpr1b agonist-induced potentiation of CA2 synapses relies on NMDA (N-methyl-D-aspartic acid) receptor activation, calcium and calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II activity, but not on cAMP-dependent protein kinase activity or presynaptic mechanisms. Our data indicate that the hippocampal CA2 is important for attacking in response to a male intruder and that the Avpr1b, likely through its role in regulating CA2 synaptic plasticity, is a necessary mediator.

Forward photoproduction of \\[J/\\psi \\] can be used to extract generalized parton distributions (GPDs) of gluons. We analyze the process at twist-3 level and study relevant classifications of twist-3 gluon GPDs. At leading power or twist-2 level the produced \\[J/\\psi \\] is transversely polarized. We find that at twist-3 the produced \\[J/\\psi \\] is longitudinally polarized. Our study shows that in the high-energy limit the twist-3 amplitude is only suppressed by the inverse power of the heavy quark mass relatively to the twist-2 amplitude. This indicates that the power correction to the cross-section of unpolarized \\[J/\\psi \\] can have a sizable effect.The poles in the hard factor convoluted with twist-3 gluon GPDs may concern the GPDs discontinuities, which will be briefly discussed in this work. We have also derived the amplitude of the production of \\[h_c\\] at twist-3, but the result contains end-point singularities. The production of other quarkonia has been briefly discussed.

Each Caulobacter cell cycle involves differentiation and an asymmetric cell division driven by a cyclical regulatory circuit comprised of four transcription factors (TFs) and a DNA methyltransferase. Using a modified global 5' RACE protocol, we globally mapped transcription start sites (TSSs) at base-pair resolution, measured their transcription levels at multiple times in the cell cycle, and identified their transcription factor binding sites. Out of 2726 TSSs, 586 were shown to be cell cycle-regulated and we identified 529 binding sites for the cell cycle master regulators. Twenty-three percent of the cell cycle-regulated promoters were found to be under the combinatorial control of two or more of the global regulators. Previously unknown features of the core cell cycle circuit were identified, including 107 antisense TSSs which exhibit cell cycle-control, and 241 genes with multiple TSSs whose transcription levels often exhibited different cell cycle timing. Cumulatively, this study uncovered novel new layers of transcriptional regulation mediating the bacterial cell cycle.

Psittacosis pneumonia is a zoonosis caused by Chlamydia psittacosis infection, mainly resulting from contact with aerosols of birds or poultry's urine, feces, and excrement. The clinical manifestations range from general symptoms of infection to severe acute respiratory syndrome and systemic diseases, currently diagnosed using metagenomic next-generation sequencing (mNGS) to improve diagnostic accuracy. To date, most reports have only discussed human exposure to poultry disease. However, the latest studies have shown that human-to-human transmission of Chlamydia psittaci occurs not only between infected patients and their close contacts but also between secondary contacts. After looking back on relevant literature at home and abroad in the past ten years, this paper reviews the diagnosis, diagnosis and treatment, and progress in epidemiological research of Psittacosis pneumonia.

Background Crop production in China has been greatly improved by increasing phosphorus (P) fertilizer input, but overuse of P by farmers has caused low use efficiency, increasing environmental risk and accumulation of P in soil. From 1980 to 2007, average 242 kg P ha-1 accumulated in soil, resulting in average soil Olsen P increasing from 7.4 to 24.7 mg kg-1. China is facing huge challenges to improve P use efficiency through optimizing corresponding technology and policies. The problem is exacerbated because people have been shifting their diet from plant-based to animalenriched foods. This results in higher P load in the food chain and lower P use efficiency. Scope A multidisciplinary approach has been used to improve P management at the field and national level in China. Management strategies based on the soil and on the plant rhizosphere have been developed to increase efficient use of P. A national soil testing and fertilizer recommendation program has been used since 2005 to control build-up and maintenance of P levels. Interactions between root growth and the rhizosphere have been manipulated in intercropping systems and plant genetic traits have been exploited. Phosphorus surplus is highly associated with animal concentrated feed. Conclusions The P-saving potential by the integrated P management strategies of P flow reaches 1.46 Mt P in 2050 compared to 2005.

Gastric cancer (GC) is a prevalent form of cancer, with Helicobacter pylori ( H . pylori ) infection being the most common risk factor. Recent studies have highlighted the role of long-term irritation of the gastric mucosa caused by bile reflux in the development of cancer. Bile acids (BAs), which are a significant component in bile reflux, have the potential to promote gastric carcinogenesis through various mechanisms. These mechanisms include the induction of intestinal metaplasia (IM), inhibition of H . pylori activity, modification of H . pylori colonization, and alteration of the abundance and composition of microorganisms in the stomach. Defining the mechanism of bile acid-induced gastric carcinogenesis could potentially be an effective approach to prevent GC. Hence, this paper aims to review the mechanism of bile acid-induced IM, the association between BAs and H . pylori infection as well as microorganisms in the stomach, and the correlation between BAs and gastric carcinogenesis. The ultimate goal is to elucidate the role of BAs in the development of GC.