Explore the vast range of titles available.

Global climate models (GCMs) are the state-of-the-art tool for understanding climate change and predicting future. However, little research has been reported on the latest NEX-GDDP-CMIP6 product in China. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the simulated performance and drought capture utility of the NEX-GDDP-CMIP6 over China. First, the simulation skills of the 16 GCMs in NEX-GDDP-CMIP6 was evaluated by the 'DISO', a big data evaluation method. Second, the DISO framework for drought identification was constructed by coupling the Correlation Coefficient (CC), False Alarm Rate (FAR) and Probability of Detection (POD). Then, it was combined with SPI and SPEI to evaluate the drought detection capability of NEX-GDPD-CMIP6. The result shows that: (1) NEX-GDPD-CMIP6 can reproduce the spatial distribution pattern of historical precipitation and temperature, which performs well in simulating warming trend but fails to capture precipitation's fluctuation characteristics. (2) The best performing model in precipitation is ACCESS-CM2 (DISO 1.630) and in temperature is CESM2 (DISO 3.246). (3) The 16MME performs better than the best single model, indicating that multi-model ensemble can effectively reduce the uncertainty inherent in models. (4) The SPEI calculated by 16MME identifying drought well in arid, while SPI is recommended for other climate classifications of China.

Studied in this paper is the Cauchy problem for the 3D incompressible Hall-MHD system with horizontal dissipation. It is shown that if the initial data is axisymmetric and the swirl component of the velocity and the magnetic vorticity are trivial, such a system is globally well-posed for the large initial data. The key is to take full advantage of the structure of the Hall-MHD system in axisymmetric case to overcome the main difficulty due to the absence of vertical dissipation.

Highly sensitive photodetectors operating at mid-infrared (MIR) wavelengths are urgently required for the applications of astronomy, optical communication, security monitoring, and so forth. However, further promoting the sensitivity in conventional MIR devices for a higher detectivity is challenging. Among the potential strategies, integrating localized surface plasmon resonance with MIR semiconductors is a promising approach to developing high-performance optoelectronics. Here we demonstrate a high-sensitivity boron (B)-doped silicon quantum dot (Si-QD)/HgCdTe (MCT) MIR photodetector. Because of plasmon-induced hot-hole tunneling and enhanced light absorption, the hybrid photodetector exhibits a high specific detectivity of ∼1.6 × 10 9 cm·Hz 1/2 ·W −1 (Jones) and a high-speed response (∼224 ns for the rise time and ∼580 ns for the fall time) at room temperature. Furthermore, the device achieves high-performance spectral blackbody detection with a peak detectivity of up to 1.6×10 11 Jones at ∼5.8 µm under a cryogenic environment of 77 K, higher than that of bare MCT. This prominent enhancement can be attributed to the further suppression of hot-hole cooling due to a reduced phonon population at low temperatures, which facilitates more efficient hot-carrier extraction and contributes to ultrahigh sensitivity. The plasmonic material-integrated MCT architecture can pave the way for developing high-performance MIR photodetection.

Recent prevalent use of three-dimensional image-guided brachytherapy (3D brachytherapy) has dramatically improved the treatment outcomes of cervical cancer. Inverse planning simulated annealing (IPSA) is one of the commonly used algorithms in 3D brachytherapy, but different conditions may affect the treatment plan quality. In this study, we compared HRCTV (high-risk clinical target volume) D90 (dose prescription) and HRCTV D95 D2cc (dose received by 2.0cc) of the rectum, bladder, and sigmoid in 30 patients with cervical cancer under four IPSA conditions. The HRCTV D90 (mean ± SD cGy) was 607.32 ± 37.86, 599.01 ± 23.62, 598.67 ± 13.07, and 596.45 ± 10.94 in four groups, respectively. The HRCTV D95 was 558.19 ± 38.51, 558.17 ± 25.72, 557.03 ± 16.12, and 555.26 ± 12.78, respectively. The sigmoid D2cc was 282.96 ± 44.84, 273.14 ± 60.69, 268.94 ± 62.32, and 292.69 ± 52.44. HRCTV D90, HRCTV D95, and sigmoid D2cc were not statistically different among the four groups (p > 0.05). However, the target fitness in group one, especially at the cervix, was poor. The rectum D2cc was 351.49 ± 32.90, 361.49 ± 28.09, 370.82 ± 24.44, and 375.33 ± 30.90. The rectum D2cc in group one was the lower than that in group three and group four (p<0.05). The bladder D2cc was 423.59 ± 31.39, 380.75 ± 37.25, 383.27 ± 32.55, and 385.22 ± 25.79. The bladder D2cc in group one was higher than the other groups (p<0.05). The maximum rectum limit dose (400cGy) is lower than the bladder (500cGy), and HRCTV is a whole in the IPSA algorithm; these result in the insufficiency or even absence of cervix dose that first need to meet in clinics. In conclusion, IPSA condition optimization can improve the quality of treatment plan in 3D brachytherapy and make it closer to clinical practice.

海底沉积物-水界面作为冷泉跨圈层活动最关键的界面，近年来已成为冷泉区碳循环研究调查的重点目标。为准确获取海洋沉积物-水界面的流体通量，客观重建界面环境过程，评估环境效应，必须发展一整套精确、高效、科学的水下原位甲烷通量测量技术。综述了当前海洋冷泉区沉积物-水界面甲烷通量研究的意义与价值，详细介绍了多种较为成熟的海洋沉积物-水界面甲烷原位通量测试技术工作原理、使用方法和优缺点等，如测试游离气泡态甲烷通量的渗漏帐篷、声学反射、时序影像等技术方法，原位溶解态甲烷膜脱气技术的甲烷传感器、激光拉曼光谱测量方法等，同时对全球该领域已经调查的地区、研究现状和进展进行了详细的介绍。最后从技术层面对这一研究领域未来的发展方向和趋势进行展望，以期为未来国内海洋冷泉区沉积物-水界面甲烷通量原位观测研究提供思路与方向借鉴。

当前出于对全球气候变化的担心以及获取能源资源的需求，甲烷日渐成为人类社会关注的焦点。海洋中聚集了巨量的天然气水合物，存在与甲烷有关的多种重要生化作用，支持了海底繁盛的化能自养合成生物群落，有效调节了进入大气的甲烷通量，在全球碳循环中的地位无可替代。同时，因天然气水合物动态活动造成的甲烷泄漏是岩石圈向外部圈层进行物质和能量输送的重要途径，对海洋环境有着深远影响。系统介绍了现代海底甲烷泄漏的地质控制因素、沉积物和水体对富甲烷流体的消耗、海洋甲烷循环模拟研究以及全球典型海域甲烷观测及相关研究成果，最后指出了海洋甲烷循环研究发展趋势。综合考虑了环境、生物和技术因素对海洋甲烷循环的影响和限制，从一个地质工作者的视角对阶段成果和存在问题进行审视，并提出了自己的思考，借此引发全社会对与甲烷有关的重大科学问题及海洋观测技术的重视与支持。