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The notion that prisons are a 'world apart', with their walls severing prisoners from their external relationships, and incarceration an interruption, 'time away' spent in a separate social universe, has provided an adequate framework for understanding the social realities of imprisonment in the past. But it has also created an analytical dead angle that prevents us from identifying the ramifying social effects of concentrated incarceration upon both the prison and heavily penalized lower-class neighborhoods. This article addresses these effects with data from an ethnographic revisit of a major women's prison in Portugal, where the recomposition of the inmate population that has accompanied the rapid inflation of the country's carceral population is especially pronounced and entails the activation of wide-ranging carceralized networks bringing kinship and neighborhood into the prison as well as the prison into the domestic world. The analysis focuses on the ways whereby these constellations have transformed the experience of confinement and the texture of correctional life, calling for a reconsideration of the theoretical status of the prison as a 'total institution' and for exploring anew the boundary that separates it (or not) from outside worlds.

Economic arrangements of Romanies are complexly related to their social position. The authors of this volume explore these complexities, including how economic exchanges forge key social relationships of gender and ethnicity, how economic opportunities are constructed and seized, and how economic success and failure are transformed into attributes of social persons. They explore how, despite — or perhaps because of — their unstable and ambiguous position within the market economy, shared today with a growing number of people facing precarity and informalisation, Roma and Gypsy communities continuously re-create more or less viable economic strategies. The ethnographically based chapters share accounts of socially and economically vulnerable populations that face their situation with self-determination and creativity.

This article compares materials drawn from fieldwork in a Portuguese women's prison in different decades, before and after the rise of concentrated incarceration that tightly interlocked this institution and a handful of heavily penalized urban neighbourhoods. As these worlds behind and beyond bars became socially and morally continuous, former intra-prison boundaries collapsed, entailing changes that included corporeal and sensorial aspects of prison experience. Taken as a window onto these changes, the imprisoned body is therefore described not as a bounded object of disciplinary power or as a site of resistance but as constituted first and foremost by social and moral relations, in a way that renders bodily experiences of confinement highly contextual. A comparison between forms more and less shaped by a particular prison-urban relation suggests that these experiences vary according not only to prison-specific circumstances, but also to social-specific circumstances.

This article compares materials drawn from fieldwork in a Portuguese women’s prison in different decades, before and after the rise of concentrated incarceration that tightly interlocked this institution and a handful of heavily penalized urban neighbourhoods. As these worlds behind and beyond bars became socially and morally continuous, former intra-prison boundaries collapsed, entailing changes that included corporeal and sensorial aspects of prison experience. Taken as a window onto these changes, the imprisoned body is therefore described not as a bounded object of disciplinary power or as a site of resistance but as constituted first and foremost by social and moral relations, in a way that renders bodily experiences of confinement highly contextual. A comparison between forms more and less shaped by a particular prison–urban relation suggests that these experiences vary according not only to prison-specific circumstances, but also to social-specific circumstances.

Background Despite effective national immunisation programmes in Europe, some groups remain incompletely or un-vaccinated (‘under-vaccinated’), with underserved minorities and certain religious/ideological groups repeatedly being involved in outbreaks of vaccine preventable diseases (VPD). Gaining insight into factors regarding acceptance of vaccination of ‘under-vaccinated groups’ (UVGs) might give opportunities to communicate with them in a trusty and reliable manner that respects their belief system and that, maybe, increase vaccination uptake. We aimed to identify and describe UVGs in Europe and to describe beliefs, attitudes and reasons for non-vaccination in the identified UVGs. Methods We defined a UVG as a group of persons who share the same beliefs and/or live in socially close-knit communities in Europe and who have/had historically low vaccination coverage and/or experienced outbreaks of VPDs since 1950. We searched MEDLINE, EMBASE and PsycINFO databases using specific search term combinations. For the first systematic review, studies that described a group in Europe with an outbreak or low vaccination coverage for a VPD were selected and for the second systematic review, studies that described possible factors that are associated with non-vaccination in these groups were selected. Results We selected 48 articles out of 606 and 13 articles out of 406 from the first and second search, respectively. Five UVGs were identified in the literature: Orthodox Protestant communities, Anthroposophists, Roma, Irish Travellers, and Orthodox Jewish communities. The main reported factors regarding vaccination were perceived non-severity of traditional “childhood” diseases, fear of vaccine side-effects, and need for more information about for example risk of vaccination. Conclusions Within each UVG identified, there are a variety of health beliefs and objections to vaccination. In addition, similar factors are shared by several of these groups. Communication strategies regarding these similar factors such as educating people about the risks associated with being vaccinated versus not being vaccinated, addressing their concerns, and countering vaccination myths present among members of a specific UVG through a trusted source, can establish a reliable relationship with these groups and increase their vaccination uptake. Furthermore, other interventions such as improving access to health care could certainly increase vaccination uptake in Roma and Irish travellers.

Lá se vão mais de dois anos quando este Dossiê começou a ser imaginado. O tema e os contornos que lhe dão forma remetem à realização de um seminário, em novembro de 2017, nas dependências do Instituto de Ciências Sociais da Universidade do Minho, em Braga, Portugal. No centro de tais discussões estava a prisão, mais especificamente, os fluxos, as conexões e as ressonâncias que tensionam a imagem do cárcere como espaço autocentrado, como unidade de análise, como categoria que parece trazer consigo mesma uma espécie de delimitação invariável. Sem perder de vista as dinâmicas intramuros, ao longo do referido evento, que reuniu investigadores portugueses, brasileiros e espanhóis, tratou-se de prospectar as extensões do cárcere: a prisão que se conecta às diversas formas de controle a céu aberto; que opera em conjunto com uma multiplicidade de equipamentos de assistência social e de saúde; que funciona em correlação com controles de fronteira; que produz a mobilização de familiares e de outros agentes sociais ao redor de seus muros.

Economic arrangements of Romanies are complexly related to their social position. Authors explore these complexities, including how economic exchanges forge key social relationships of gender and ethnicity, how economic opportunities are constructed and seized, and how economic success and failure are transformed into attributes of social persons. They explore how, despite -- or perhaps because of -- their unstable and ambiguous position within the market economy, shared today with a growing number of people facing precarity and informalisation, Roma and Gypsy communities continuously re-create more or less viable economic strategies. The ethnographically based chapters share accounts of socially and vulnerable populations that face their situation with self-determination and creativity. - Provided by publisher

A emergência de práticas culturais conotadas com comunidades imigrantes e passíveis de repressão penal coloca novos desafios aos aparelhos legislativos e judiciários. Se em algumas é iniludível a tensão entre cultura e universalismo liberal, a reação a elas é também vulnerável às armadilhas induzidas pelas dicotomias simples cultura/indivíduo; relativismo/universalismo; diferença cultural/direitos das mulheres. A partir da complexificação destas dicotomias focar-se-ão algumas destas armadilhas a propósito dos cortes genitais femininos e da questão da criminalização específica dos que são conhecidos por Multilação Genital Feminina. Analisam-se, em particular, as desigualdades que escamoteiam, os paradoxos que geram e os seus possíveis efeitos contraproducentes. Cultural practices connoted with ethnic \"others\" and prosecuted as crimes bring new challenges to legislators and judicial systems. While they put forth a tension between culture and liberal universalism, the reaction to them is also vulnerable to the pitfalls induced by simple dichotomies, such as culture/individuals, relativism/universalism, cultural difference/women's rights. Complexifying such dichotomies, I will focus on these pitfalls in the case of female genital cutting and the specific criminalization of those known as Female Genital Mutilation. I will examine in particular the inequalities they mask, the paradoxes they generate, and their possible counter-productive effects.