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Encrusted cystitis is a rare condition characterized by encrustation of the bladder mucosa with associated chronic inflammation induced by urea-splitting bacterial infection—most commonly, Corynebacterium urealyticum. Moreover, it usually occurs in immunocompromised patients, especially recipients of renal transplants or patients with a history of previous urological procedures. Due to the rarity of the entity and the slow growth of Corynebacterium species, appropriate treatment is often delayed due to difficulties in diagnosis and resistance to numerous antibiotics. We report a case of encrusted cystitis caused by Corynebacterium glucuronolyticum, another urea-splitting microbe, in a 57-year-old previously healthy Caucasian man with no known predisposing factors. The timely diagnosis and management in this otherwise healthy patient was facilitated by characteristic imaging, cystoscopy, and histologic findings confirmed by results of prolonged urine cultures and 16S ribosomal RNA (rRNA) gene sequencing of the microbe.

During nocturnal sleep, blood pressure (BP) \"dips\" compared to diurnal BP, reducing stress on the cardiovascular system. Both the hypotensive response elicited by acute aerobic exercise and sleep quality can impact this dipping response. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of aerobic exercise timing on circadian BP changes and sleep architecture. Twenty prehypertensive subjects completed the study. During four test sessions, participants first completed a graded exercise test to exhaustion and then performed 30 minutes of treadmill exercise at 7 am (7A), 1 pm (1P), and 7 pm (7P) in a random, counterbalanced order at 65% of the heart rate obtained at peak oxygen uptake. An ambulatory cuff was used to monitor BP responses during 24 hours following exercise, and an ambulatory sleep-monitoring headband was worn during sleep following each session. Aerobic exercise at 7A invoked a greater dip in nocturnal systolic BP than exercise at 1P or 7P, although the greatest dip in nocturnal diastolic BP occurred following 7P. Compared to 1P, 7A also invoked greater time spent in deep sleep. These data indicate that early morning may be the most beneficial time to engage in aerobic exercise to enhance nocturnal BP changes and quality of sleep.

Background Inactivity is a primary factor related to childhood obesity, yet aerobic exercise has been shown to prevent weight gain and improve fitness in adolescents. Moreover, children become less active during their summer break from school. This study compared the effects of 4 and 8 weeks of supervised summer activity versus an unsupervised summer break on metabolic function and fitness in adolescents. Methods Twenty-two adolescents were divided into 4-week ( n =6, weight 48.1±14.9 kg, body fat 27.4±8.4%) and 8-week exercise groups ( n =6, weight 43.4±10.9 kg, body fat 28.5±12.8%), that performed supervised, play-based physical activity, versus an age-matched 8 week control group that maintained their typical summer break ( n =10, weight 41.7±10.0 kg, body fat 23.7±8.0%). Anthropometrics, resting energy expenditure (REE), resting heart rate (RHR) and peak aerobic capacity (VO 2peak ) were evaluated before and after the intervention (4 or 8 weeks). Results REE showed group differences in posttraining conditions (the 4-week group vs . the control group, 1220±169 vs . 1067±144 kcal/die, and the 8-week group vs . the control group, 1202±151 vs . 1067±144 kcal/die, P =0.047), but RHR decreased (pre-program vs . post program: 97±22 vs . 80±8 beat/min, P =0.001) and VO 2peak significantly increased (pre-program vs . post program: 27.8±7.8 vs . 34.8±6.5 mL/kg/min, P =0.001) in the 8-week group compared to the control group. Conclusions Eight weeks of supervised play-based activity increased REE and VO 2peak in adolescents with concomitant decreases in RHR. These data suggest that this novel model of exercise prescription could be considered world-wide by clinicians to improve fitness base in adolescents and help to combat the growing epidemic of childhood obesity.