Catalogue Search | MBRL
Are you sure you want to remove the book from the shelf?
{{itemTitle}}
936
result(s) for
"Curtis, Susan"
Sort by:
Patient apprehensions about the use of artificial intelligence in healthcare
While there is significant enthusiasm in the medical community about the use of artificial intelligence (AI) technologies in healthcare, few research studies have sought to assess patient perspectives on these technologies. We conducted 15 focus groups examining patient views of diverse applications of AI in healthcare. Our results indicate that patients have multiple concerns, including concerns related to the safety of AI, threats to patient choice, potential increases in healthcare costs, data-source bias, and data security. We also found that patient acceptance of AI is contingent on mitigating these possible harms. Our results highlight an array of patient concerns that may limit enthusiasm for applications of AI in healthcare. Proactively addressing these concerns is critical for the flourishing of ethical innovation and ensuring the long-term success of AI applications in healthcare.
Journal Article
Cryo-EM structures of the ABCA4 importer reveal mechanisms underlying substrate binding and Stargardt disease
ABCA4 is an ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporter that flips N-retinylidene-phosphatidylethanolamine (N-Ret-PE) from the lumen to the cytoplasmic leaflet of photoreceptor membranes. Loss-of-function mutations cause Stargardt disease (STGD1), a macular dystrophy associated with severe vision loss. To define the mechanisms underlying substrate binding and STGD1, we determine the cryo-EM structure of ABCA4 in its substrate-free and bound states. The two structures are similar and delineate an elongated protein with the two transmembrane domains (TMD) forming an outward facing conformation, extended and twisted exocytoplasmic domains (ECD), and closely opposed nucleotide binding domains. N-Ret-PE is wedged between the two TMDs and a loop from ECD1 within the lumen leaflet consistent with a lateral access mechanism and is stabilized through hydrophobic and ionic interactions with residues from the TMDs and ECDs. Our studies provide a framework for further elucidating the molecular mechanism associated with lipid transport and disease and developing promising disease interventions.
ABCA4 is an ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporter that flips N-retinylidenephosphatidylethanolamine (N-Ret-PE) to the cytoplasmic leaflet of photoreceptor membranes. ABCA4 mutations are associated with loss of vision. Here, structures of ABCA4 with and without substrate bound provide insight into N-Ret-PE binding and suggest a lateral access mechanism.
Journal Article
Natural beauty
An organic beauty and natural remedy resource covering everything from home remedies to natural skin care to essential oils, including recipes for such homemade skin care products as face masks and creams, deodorants, and lip balms.
Book
A framework for examining patient attitudes regarding applications of artificial intelligence in healthcare
Background
While use of artificial intelligence (AI) in healthcare is increasing, little is known about how patients view healthcare AI. Characterizing patient attitudes and beliefs about healthcare AI and the factors that lead to these attitudes can help ensure patient values are in close alignment with the implementation of these new technologies.
Methods
We conducted 15 focus groups with adult patients who had a recent primary care visit at a large academic health center. Using modified grounded theory, focus-group data was analyzed for themes related to the formation of attitudes and beliefs about healthcare AI.
Results
When evaluating AI in healthcare, we found that patients draw on a variety of factors to contextualize these new technologies including previous experiences of illness, interactions with health systems and established health technologies, comfort with other information technology, and other personal experiences. We found that these experiences informed normative and cultural beliefs about the values and goals of healthcare technologies that patients applied when engaging with AI. The results of this study form the basis for a theoretical framework for understanding patient orientation to applications of AI in healthcare, highlighting a number of specific social, health, and technological experiences that will likely shape patient opinions about future healthcare AI applications.
Conclusions
Understanding the basis of patient attitudes and beliefs about healthcare AI is a crucial first step in effective patient engagement and education. The theoretical framework we present provides a foundation for future studies examining patient opinions about applications of AI in healthcare.
Journal Article
Physician Perspectives on the Potential Benefits and Risks of Applying Artificial Intelligence in Psychiatric Medicine: Qualitative Study
As artificial intelligence (AI) tools are integrated more widely in psychiatric medicine, it is important to consider the impact these tools will have on clinical practice.
This study aimed to characterize physician perspectives on the potential impact AI tools will have in psychiatric medicine.
We interviewed 42 physicians (21 psychiatrists and 21 family medicine practitioners). These interviews used detailed clinical case scenarios involving the use of AI technologies in the evaluation, diagnosis, and treatment of psychiatric conditions. Interviews were transcribed and subsequently analyzed using qualitative analysis methods.
Physicians highlighted multiple potential benefits of AI tools, including potential support for optimizing pharmaceutical efficacy, reducing administrative burden, aiding shared decision-making, and increasing access to health services, and were optimistic about the long-term impact of these technologies. This optimism was tempered by concerns about potential near-term risks to both patients and themselves including misguiding clinical judgment, increasing clinical burden, introducing patient harms, and creating legal liability.
Our results highlight the importance of considering specialist perspectives when deploying AI tools in psychiatric medicine.
Journal Article
At a Moment’s Notice: Community Advisory Board Perspectives on Biobank Communication to Supplement Broad Consent
Introduction: To address ethical concerns about the of future research authorization, biobanks employing a broad model of consent can design ongoing communication with contributors. Notifying contributors at the time of sample distribution provides one form of communication to supplement broad consent. However, little is known about how community-informed governance might anticipate contributor responses and inform communication efforts. Objective: We explored the attitudes of members of a three-site Community Advisory Board (CAB) network. CAB members responded to a hypothetical proposal for notifying biobank contributors at the time of sample distribution to researchers utilizing the biobank. Methods: We used regularly scheduled CAB meetings to facilitate 3 large-group and 6 small-group discussions. Discussions were audio-recorded, transcribed, and analyzed for thematic content using descriptive thematic analysis. Results: The results challenged our expectation of general support for the proposed communications. While CAB members identified some advantages, they were concerned about several potential harms to biobank contributors and the biobank. The CABs understood biobank communication in terms of an ongoing relationship with the biobank and a personal contribution to research. Conclusion:Our findings contribute to the emerging literature on community engagement in biobanking. Additional communication with biobank contributors can serve a variety of value-based objectives to supplement broad consent. Design of communication efforts by biobanks can be improved by CAB members’ anticipation of the unintended consequences of additional contact with contributors. CAB members’ holistic interpretation of communication efforts suggests that biobank leadership considers all communication options as part of a more comprehensive communications strategy.
Journal Article