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The aim of this study was to create a new version of the French GTS-QOL adapted to adolescents with GTS aged 12-16 years (GTS-QOL-French-Ado) and to evaluate its psychometric properties. We assessed the psychometric properties of the GTS-QOL-French-Ado in 84 adolescents (mean age 13.6 years, standard deviation 1.2) in terms of factor structure, internal consistency, reliability and convergent validity with the Child Depression Inventory (CDI), the Multidimensional Anxiety Scale for Children (MASC), the Motor tic, Obsessions and compulsions, Vocal tic Evaluation Survey (MOVES) and the French \"Vécu et Santé Perçue de l'Adolescent\" (VSP-A), a generic self-administered measure of health-related quality of life (HRQoL) in adolescents. Exploratory factor analysis of the GTS-QOL-French-Ado resulted in a 5-factor solution. The GTS-QOL-French-Ado demonstrated good acceptability with missing values per subscale ranging from 0% to 1.2%, good internal consistency for four of the five subscales with Cronbach's alpha ranging from 0.56 to 0.87 and good test-retest reliability with intraclass correlation coefficients ranging from 0.74 (95% CI: 0.52-0.86) to 0.82 (95% CI: 0.66-0.91). Convergent validity was supported by correlations with CDI, MASC, MOVES, VSP-A and clinical variables. The GTS-QOL-French-Ado is the first disease-specific HRQoL tool for French-speaking adolescents with GTS aged 12-16 years, and shows good psychometric properties. Further psychometric testing on responsiveness to change would be of great interest.

The Gilles de la Tourette Syndrome-Quality of Life Scale (GTS-QOL) is a self-rated disease-specific questionnaire to assess health-related quality of life of subjects with GTS. Our aim was to perform the cross-cultural adaptation of the GTS-QOL into French and to assess its psychometric properties. The GTS-QOL was cross-culturally adapted by conducting forward and backward translations, following international guidelines. The psychometric properties of the GTS-QOL-French were assessed in 109 participants aged 16 years and above with regard to factor structure, internal consistency, reliability and convergent validity with the MOVES (Motor tic, Obsessions and compulsions, Vocal tic Evaluation Survey) and the WHOQOL-BREF (World Health Organization Quality of Life Brief). Exploratory factor analysis of the GTS-QOL-French resulted in a 6-factor solution and did not replicate the original structure in four subscales. The results showed good acceptability (missing values per subscale ranging from 0% to 0.9%), good internal consistency (Cronbach's alpha ranging from 0.68 to 0.94) and good test-retest reliability (intraclass correlation coefficients ranging from 0.70 to 0.81). Convergent validity with the MOVES and WHOQOL-BREF scales showed high correlations. Our study provides evidence of the good psychometric properties of the GTS-QOL-French. The cross-cultural adaptation and validation of this specific instrument will make it possible to assess health-related quality of life in French-speaking subjects with GTS. The GTS-QOL-French could be recommended for use in future research.

The aim of this study was to create a new version of the French GTS-QOL adapted to adolescents with GTS aged 12-16 years (GTS-QOL-French-Ado) and to evaluate its psychometric properties. We assessed the psychometric properties of the GTS-QOL-French-Ado in 84 adolescents (mean age 13.6 years, standard deviation 1.2) in terms of factor structure, internal consistency, reliability and convergent validity with the Child Depression Inventory (CDI), the Multidimensional Anxiety Scale for Children (MASC), the Motor tic, Obsessions and compulsions, Vocal tic Evaluation Survey (MOVES) and the French \"Vécu et Santé Perçue de l'Adolescent\" (VSP-A), a generic self-administered measure of health-related quality of life (HRQoL) in adolescents. Exploratory factor analysis of the GTS-QOL-French-Ado resulted in a 5-factor solution. The GTS-QOL-French-Ado demonstrated good acceptability with missing values per subscale ranging from 0% to 1.2%, good internal consistency for four of the five subscales with Cronbach's alpha ranging from 0.56 to 0.87 and good test-retest reliability with intraclass correlation coefficients ranging from 0.74 (95% CI: 0.52-0.86) to 0.82 (95% CI: 0.66-0.91). Convergent validity was supported by correlations with CDI, MASC, MOVES, VSP-A and clinical variables. The GTS-QOL-French-Ado is the first disease-specific HRQoL tool for French-speaking adolescents with GTS aged 12-16 years, and shows good psychometric properties. Further psychometric testing on responsiveness to change would be of great interest.

Introduction The aim of this study was to create a new version of the French GTS-QOL adapted to adolescents with GTS aged 12–16 years (GTS-QOL-French-Ado) and to evaluate its psychometric properties. Methods We assessed the psychometric properties of the GTS-QOL-French-Ado in 84 adolescents (mean age 13.6 years, standard deviation 1.2) in terms of factor structure, internal consistency, reliability and convergent validity with the Child Depression Inventory (CDI), the Multidimensional Anxiety Scale for Children (MASC), the Motor tic, Obsessions and compulsions, Vocal tic Evaluation Survey (MOVES) and the French “Vécu et Santé Perçue de l’Adolescent” (VSP-A), a generic self-administered measure of health-related quality of life (HRQoL) in adolescents. Results Exploratory factor analysis of the GTS-QOL-French-Ado resulted in a 5-factor solution. The GTS-QOL-French-Ado demonstrated good acceptability with missing values per subscale ranging from 0% to 1.2%, good internal consistency for four of the five subscales with Cronbach’s alpha ranging from 0.56 to 0.87 and good test–retest reliability with intraclass correlation coefficients ranging from 0.74 (95% CI: 0.52–0.86) to 0.82 (95% CI: 0.66–0.91). Convergent validity was supported by correlations with CDI, MASC, MOVES, VSP-A and clinical variables. Discussion The GTS-QOL-French-Ado is the first disease-specific HRQoL tool for French-speaking adolescents with GTS aged 12–16 years, and shows good psychometric properties. Further psychometric testing on responsiveness to change would be of great interest.

Malignant pleural mesothelioma (MPM) is an aggressive cancer with rising incidence and challenging clinical management. Through a large series of whole-genome sequencing data, integrated with transcriptomic and epigenomic data using multiomics factor analysis, we demonstrate that the current World Health Organization classification only accounts for up to 10% of interpatient molecular differences. Instead, the MESOMICS project paves the way for a morphomolecular classification of MPM based on four dimensions: ploidy, tumor cell morphology, adaptive immune response and CpG island methylator profile. We show that these four dimensions are complementary, capture major interpatient molecular differences and are delimited by extreme phenotypes that—in the case of the interdependent tumor cell morphology and adapted immune response—reflect tumor specialization. These findings unearth the interplay between MPM functional biology and its genomic history, and provide insights into the variations observed in the clinical behavior of patients with MPM. Genomic, transcriptomic and epigenetic analyses of malignant pleural mesothelioma identify molecular axes and specialized tumor profiles underlying intertumoral heterogeneity.

Description. Coffee cultivation plays an important economic and social role in Côte d'Ivoire. Among the dozens of Coffea species, only Coffea canephora, also known as robusta, is grown in the country. The genetic improvement of this species has been the subject of a selection program set up by the National Center for Agronomic Research (CNRA). This program involves two basic genetic groups, Guinean and Congolese. These groups have been determined using enzymatic markers which are known to be less informative. So little is known about the reliability of the genetic structuring of the parental populations. Objectives. The objective of this work is to refine the genetic structuring of the parental populations used to set up the C. canephora breeding program in Côte d'Ivoire using SNP markers and to relate this structure to test values in the genotypes concerned. Method. Sixty-six individuals representing parental genotypes of the two populations were analyzed using 200 SNPs markers. The parameters of genetic diversity were calculated and then the genetic structure was determined. The yield over four years of production, susceptibility to rust, and bean size have been evaluated. Results of these agronomic traits have been included in this analysis. The Guinean genotypes were crossed with a Congolese tester named 464 and the Congolese individuals were crossed with a Guinean tester 410, for assessing their combining ability. Results. The analysis of molecular variance (AMOVA) revealed that 75% of the total variation was due to variation between populations. Bayesian classification and Principal Coordinates Analysis (PCoA) structure the 66 genotypes into two main groups of Guineans and Congoleses. While the Guinean group appears to be homogeneous, the Congolese group is split into four subgroups of SG1, SG2, B and C. Maximum test values are found for the SG1 and SG2 subgroups. The Guinean group showed lower performance. It is important in this group to select the best progenitors. Conclusions. SNP markers were effective in genetic structuring of the population. This study also allows the identification of a genotype that was not determined. The use of this set of markers will be useful for the control of future progenitors. The same genetic progress can be achieved by crossing SG1 or SG2 with a good Guinean male. It seems important to make a selection among the Guineans before crossing them with a Congolese tester. Structuration génétique des populations parentales de cultures de caféiers (Coffea canephora Pierre ex A. Froehner) en Côte d'Ivoire à l'aide de marqueurs SNP Description. La culture du café joue un rôle économique et social important en Côte d'Ivoire. Parmi les dizaines d'espèces de Coffea, seule l’espèce Coffea canephora, également appelée robusta, est cultivée dans le pays. L'amélioration génétique de cette espèce a fait l'objet d'un programme de sélection mis en place par le Centre national de la recherche agronomique (CNRA) à travers un programme de sélection récurrente réciproque impliquant deux groupes génétiques de base : un groupe de caféiers guinéens et un groupe de caféiers congolais. Ces groupes ont été déterminés à l'aide de marqueurs enzymatiques peu informatifs. Objectifs. L’objectif de ce travail est d’affiner la structuration génétique des populations parentales utilisées pour mettre en place le programme de sélection de C. canephora en Côte d’Ivoire en utilisant les marqueurs SNP et de mettre en relation cette structure avec des valeurs en test chez les génotypes concernés. Méthode. Soixante-six individus représentant les deux populations parentales ont été analysés à l'aide de 200 marqueurs SNP. Les paramètres de la diversité génétique ont été calculés, puis la structure génétique a été déterminée. La production cumulative au cours des quatre premières années de production, la sensibilité à la rouille et la taille des grains ont été évaluées. Les individus guinéens ont été croisés avec un testeur congolais 464 et les individus congolais ont été croisés avec un testeur guinéen 410, ce qui a permis d’évaluer leur aptitude à la combinaison. Résultats. L'analyse de la variance moléculaire (AMOVA) a révélé que 75 % de la variation totale était due à la variation entre les populations. La classification bayésienne et l'analyse des coordonnées principales (PCoA) ont divisé les 66 génotypes en deux groupes principaux de caféiers guinéens et de caféiers congolais. Alors que le groupe guinéen semble être homogène, le groupe congolais est subdivisé en quatre sous-groupes nommés SG1, SG2, B et C. Les valeurs maximales des tests sont trouvées pour les sous-groupes SG1 et SG2. Le groupe guinéen a montré des performances inférieures. Il est important dans ce groupe de sélectionner les meilleurs géniteurs. Conclusions. Les marqueurs de SNP ont été efficaces pour évaluer la structure génétique de la population. Cette étude a permis également d'identifier un génotype indéterminé dans les études précédentes. L'utilisation de cet ensemble de marqueurs sera utile pour le contrôle des futurs géniteurs. Le même progrès génétique peut être réalisé en croisant SG1 et SG2 avec un bon père guinéen. Il serait donc important de faire une sélection parmi les caféiers guinéens avant de les croiser avec un testeur congolais.

Over a period of about 9 months, we conducted three serosurveys in the two major cities of Cameroon to determine the prevalence of SARS-COV-2 antibodies and to identify factors associated with seropositivity in each survey. We conducted three independent cross-sectional serosurveys of adult blood donors at the Central Hospital in Yaoundé (CHY), the Jamot Hospital in Yaoundé (JHY) and at the Laquintinie Hospital in Douala (LHD) who consented in writing to participate. Before blood sampling, a short questionnaire was administered to participants to collect their sociodemographic and clinical characteristics. We included a total of 743, 1202, and 1501 participants in the first (January 25–February 15, 2021), second (May 03–28, 2021), and third (November 29–December 31, 2021) surveys, respectively. The adjusted seroprevalence increased from 66.3% (95% CrI 61.1–71.3) in the first survey to 87.2% (95% CrI 84.0–90.0) in the second survey, and 98.4% (95% CrI 96.8–99.7) in the third survey. In the first survey, study site, participant occupation, and comorbid conditions were associated with SARS-CoV-2 seropositivity, whereas only study site remained associated in the second survey. None of the factors studied was significantly associated with seropositivity in the third survey. Together, the data suggest a rapid initial spread of SARS-CoV-2 in the study population, independent of the sociodemographic parameters assessed.

Background Healthcare workers (HWs) are at a high risk of exposure to emerging health threats. Following the first wave of the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic in Cameroon, we explored the presence and persistence of naturally acquired antibodies against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) and the factors associated with seropositivity in HWs. Methods Staff at two referral hospitals in Yaoundé or two Health District Hospitals in Obala and Mbalmayo were included in a 6‐month prospective cohort analysis or cross‐sectional survey, respectively. Seroprevalence and associated factors were determined, and Kaplan–Meier curves and Cox proportional hazards models were used to assess antibody persistence or positive seroconversion over time. Results From August 2020 to March 2021, 426 HWs (median age: 31 years, interquartile range: 27–37 years; 66.4% female) were enrolled. The overall seroprevalence of anti‐SARS‐CoV‐2 antibodies was 54.0% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 49.1–58.8) and was significantly different between study sites (p = 0.04). Of the 216 HWs included in the 6‐month cohort, 109 (50.5%) HWs were seropositive at inclusion; the probability of persistent antibodies or of becoming seropositive was 93.8% (95% CI: 84.2–100) and 78.9% (95% CI: 61.7–88.4), respectively. Seroconversion was associated with study site and occupation but not with infection prevention and control (IPC) practices. Conclusions We observed high seroprevalence of SARS‐CoV‐2 antibody and seroconversion among HWs associated with occupational risk. This suggests low compliance to the COVID‐19 control measures. Continued training and implementation of IPC measures and accelerated preparedness are needed to better tackle future threats.

Dioxins are persistent organic pollutants interfering with endocrine systems and causing reproductive and developmental disorders. The objective of our project was to determine the impact of an in utero exposure to 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) on reproductive function of male and female offspring in the rat with a special emphasis on the immature period. We used a low dose of TCDD (unique exposure by oral gavage of 200 ng/kg at 15.5 days of gestation) in order to mirror a response to an environmental dose of TCDD not altering fertility of the progeny. We choose a global gene expression approach using Affymetrix microarray analysis, and testes of 5 days and ovaries of 14 days of age. Less than 1% of the expressed genes in gonads were altered following embryonic TCDD exposure; specifically, 113 genes in ovaries and 56 in testes with 7 genes common to both sex gonads. It included the repressor of the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (Ahrr), the chemokines Ccl5 and Cxcl4 previously shown to be regulated by dioxin in testis, Pgds2/Hpgds and 3 others uncharacterized. To validate and extend the microarray data we realized real-time PCR on gonads at various developmental periods of interest (from 3 to 25 days for ovaries, from 5 to the adult age for testes). Overall, our results evidenced that both sex gonads responded differently to TCDD exposure. For example, we observed induction of the canonic battery of TCDD-induced genes coding enzymes of the detoxifying machinery in ovaries aged of 3-14 days of age (except Cyp1a1 induced at 3-10 days) but not in testes of 5 days (except Ahrr). We also illustrated that inflammatory pathway is one pathway activated by TCDD in gonads. Finally, we identified several new genes targeted by TCDD including Fgf13 in testis and one gene, Ptgds2/Hpgds regulated in the two sex gonads.

Description. La culture du café joue un rôle économique et social important en Côte d'Ivoire. Parmi les dizaines d'espèces de Coffea, seule l'espèce Coffea canephora, également appelée robusta, est cultivée dans le pays. L'amélioration génétique de cette espèce a fait l'objet d'un programme de sélection mis en place par le Centre national de la recherche agronomique (CNRA) à travers un programme de sélection récurrente réciproque impliquant deux groupes génétiques de base : un groupe de caféiers guinéens et un groupe de caféiers congolais. Ces groupes ont été déterminés à l'aide de marqueurs enzymatiques peu informatifs. Objectifs. L'objectif de ce travail est d'affiner la structuration génétique des populations parentales utilisées pour mettre en place le programme de sélection de C. canephora en Côte d'Ivoire en utilisant les marqueurs SNP et de mettre en relation cette structure avec des valeurs en test chez les génotypes concernés. Méthode. Soixante-six individus représentant les deux populations parentales ont été analysés à l'aide de 200 marqueurs SNP. Les paramètres de la diversité génétique ont été calculés, puis la structure génétique a été déterminée. La production cumulative au cours des quatre premières années de production, la sensibilité à la rouille et la taille des grains ont été évaluées. Les individus guinéens ont été croisés avec un testeur congolais 464 et les individus congolais ont été croisés avec un testeur guinéen 410, ce qui a permis d'évaluer leur aptitude à la combinaison. Résultats. L'analyse de la variance moléculaire (AMOVA) a révélé que 75 % de la variation totale était due à la variation entre les populations. La classification bayésienne et l'analyse des coordonnées principales (PCoA) ont divisé les 66 génotypes en deux groupes principaux de caféiers guinéens et de caféiers congolais. Alors que le groupe guinéen semble être homogène, le groupe congolais est subdivisé en quatre sous-groupes nommés SG1, SG2, B et C. Les valeurs maximales des tests sont trouvées pour les sous-groupes SG1 et SG2. Le groupe guinéen a montré des performances inférieures. Il est important dans ce groupe de sélectionner les meilleurs géniteurs. Conclusions. Les marqueurs de SNP ont été efficaces pour évaluer la structure génétique de la population. Cette étude a permis également d'identifier un génotype indéterminé dans les études précédentes. L'utilisation de cet ensemble de marqueurs sera utile pour le contrôle des futurs géniteurs. Le même progrès génétique peut être réalisé en croisant SG1 et SG2 avec un bon père guinéen. Il serait donc important de faire une sélection parmi les caféiers guinéens avant de les croiser avec un testeur congolais.