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We present results of the performance of the second prototype of the CASTOR quartz–tungsten sampling calorimeter, to be installed in the very forward region of the CMS experiment at the LHC. The energy linearity and resolution, as well as the spatial resolution of the prototype to electromagnetic and hadronic showers are studied with E=20–200 GeV electrons, E=20–350 GeV pions, and E=50, 150 GeV muons from beam tests carried out at CERN/SPS in 2004. The responses of the calorimeter using two different types of photodetectors (avalanche photodiodes APDs, and photomultiplier tubes PMTs) are compared.

Feasibility studies of an observation of the exclusive diffractive bremsstrahlung at RHIC at \\(\\sqrt{s} = 200\\)~GeV and at \\(\\sqrt{s} = 500\\)~GeV are reported. A simplified approach to the photon and the scattered proton energy reconstruction is used. Influence of possible backgrounds is discussed.

Absolute normalisation of the LHC measurements with O(1%) precision and their relative normalisation, for the data collected at variable centre-of-mass energies, or for variable beam particle species, with O(0.1%) precision is crucial for the LHC experimental programme but presently beyond the reach for the general purpose LHC detectors. This paper is the third in the series of papers presenting the measurement method capable to achieve such a goal.

Absolute normalisation of the LHC measurements with a precision of O(1%) is desirable but beyond the reach of the present LHC detectors. This series of papers proposes and evaluates a measurement method capable to achieve such a precision target. In our earlier paper we have selected the phase-space region where the lepton pair production cross section in pp collisions at the LHC can be controlled with < 1 % precision and is large enough to reach a comparable statistical accuracy of the absolute luminosity measurement on the day-by-day basis. In the present one the performance requirements for a dedicated detector, indispensable to efficiently select events in the proposed phase-space region, are discussed.

We present results of the performance of the second prototype of the CASTOR quartz-tungsten sampling calorimeter, to be installed in the very forward region of the CMS experiment at the LHC. The energy linearity and resolution, as well as the spatial resolution of the prototype to electromagnetic and hadronic showers are studied with E=20-200 GeV electrons, E=20-350 GeV pions, and E=50,150 GeV muons from beam tests carried out at CERN/SPS in 2004. The responses of the calorimeter using two different types of photodetectors (avalanche photodiodes APDs, and photomultiplier tubes PMTs) are compared.

We present results on the performance of the first prototype of the CASTOR quartz-tungsten sampling calorimeter, to be installed in the very forward region of the CMS experiment at the LHC. This study includes GEANT Monte Carlo simulations of the Cherenkov light transmission efficiency of different types of air-core light guides, as well as analysis of the calorimeter linearity and resolution as a function of energy and impact-point, obtained with 20-200 GeV electron beams from CERN/SPS tests in 2003. Several configurations of the calorimeter have been tested and compared, including different combinations of (i) structures for the active material of the calorimeter (quartz plates and fibres), (ii) various light-guide reflecting materials (glass and foil reflectors) and (iii) photodetector devices (photomultipliers and avalanche photodiodes).

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